{"id":8713,"date":"2025-03-20T15:31:29","date_gmt":"2025-03-20T15:31:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=8713"},"modified":"2025-03-20T15:31:29","modified_gmt":"2025-03-20T15:31:29","slug":"nights","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2025\/03\/20\/nights\/","title":{"rendered":"Nights"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A post about words for <strong>night<\/strong>, <strong>evening<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages, and related words in other languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/31581791165\/in\/photolist-2pPY6hs-2pPZa8o-2qKLKrb-CqE4Wg-CRWzP1-CZVaap-G2ouX8-G2oAgK-HGgZMK-LmecEU-Z1aYR6-ZP4P41-ZR5wou-ZTL2Ez-21iazpr-21iazBR-21iaAw6-21iaBTV-21qmkV4-21GSw5m-21MVV1R-22AmrRf-22Amtkh-25Dit5S-26rNHYP-26HCTxw-27JVcD3-27JVhvN-GVi84H-NEQmHz-PJ1aPx-PJ1bua-Q6on6J-Q7mvn9-Q7LVTi-Q7LWdM-Q9a4SH-Q9a57k-QJsHGa-RFozsm-RFozuf-RHfPyn-RR3G4b-RU4v6h-RUcB6R-S53RNL-SbQiBn-TcWHvu-WWmXjw-WWmY8W\" title=\"Beach Road, Bangor at night\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/582\/31581791165_0d241deda6_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" alt=\"Beach Road, Bangor at night\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>adaig<\/strong> [\u02c8a\u00f0\u0259\u0263\u02b2] = night<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>adaig, aidche, oidche,  adhaigh<\/strong> = night<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>o\u00edche<\/strong> [\u02c8i\u02d0h\u026a\/\u02c8\u0129\u02d0\u00e7\u0259\/\u02c8\u026ah\u0259] = night, period of darkness, night-time, nightfall, eve<br \/>\n<strong>ano\u00edche<\/strong> = late hour of night<br \/>\n<strong>me\u00e1no\u00edche<\/strong> = midnight<br \/>\n<strong>o\u00edch\u00ed<\/strong> = nocturnal, nightly<br \/>\n<strong>O\u00edche Shamhna<\/strong> = Halloween<br \/>\n<strong>O\u00edche Nollag<\/strong> = Christmas Eve<br \/>\n<strong>o\u00edche chinn bliana<\/strong> = New Year&#8217;s eve<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>oidhche<\/strong> [\u0264\u0303\u0129\u00e7\u0259] = night<br \/>\n<strong>oidhcheach<\/strong> [\u0264\u0303\u0129\u00e7\u0259x] = nightly, nocturnal<br \/>\n<strong>oidhcheil<\/strong> [\u0264\u0303\u0129\u00e7al] = nightly<br \/>\n<strong>Oidhche Shamhna<\/strong> = Halloween<br \/>\n<strong>Oidhche Nollaige<\/strong> = Christmas Eve<br \/>\n<strong>oidhche Challainn<\/strong> [\u0264\u0303\u00e7\u0259\u02c8xal\u032a\u026an\u032a\u02b2] = New Year&#8217;s eve<br \/>\n<strong>adhaigh\u2020, adhuigh\u2020<\/strong> = night<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>oie<\/strong> [\u025bi\/i\u02d0] = night, eve, night time, nocturnal, evening<br \/>\n<strong>oieagh<\/strong> = nocturnal<br \/>\n<strong>oieoil<\/strong> = nightly<br \/>\n<strong>Oie Houney<\/strong> = Halloween, Hop tu Naa<br \/>\n<strong>Oie Nollick<\/strong> = Christmas Eve<br \/>\n<strong>Oie Nollick Veg<\/strong> = New Year&#8217;s eve<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*exu\u0268\u00f0<\/strong> = night (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hecuuyt, echwyd, echwyt<\/strong> = the third hour of the day (9am), interval between 9am and 12 noon, noon, time of the day when cattle etc. shelter from the heat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>echwydd<\/strong> [\u02c8h\u0268\u031e\u00f0\u0268\u031e\u0261l \/ \u02c8h\u026a\u00f0\u026a\u0261l] = the third hour of the day (9am), interval between 9am and 12 noon, noon, time of the day when cattle etc. shelter from the heat, afternoon, evening, close of day, autumn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ewhe<\/strong> = evening<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ehoaz, ehoa<\/strong> = cattle rest at midday, resting place, shade for animals, rest<br \/>\n<strong>ehoazaff<\/strong> = to day a midday rest<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ec&#8217;hoaz<\/strong> [\u02c8hy\u02d0(z)il] = midday rest, siesta<br \/>\n<strong>ec&#8217;hoaza\u00f1<\/strong> = to take a midday rest<br \/>\n<strong>ec&#8217;hoaziad<\/strong> = siesta<br \/>\n<strong>ec&#8217;hoaziata<\/strong> = to take a siesta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: uncertain. The Goidelic words, and maybe the Brythonic words, are possibly related to <em>\u0101ter<\/em> (dull black, dark, gloomy, sad) in Latin [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/adaig#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>], which comes from Proto-Italic <em>*\u0101tros<\/em> (black), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2082eh\u2081ter-<\/em> (fire)  [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/ater#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same roots may include <strong>atrocious<\/strong> and <strong>atrocity<\/strong> in English, <strong>\u00e2tre<\/strong> (hearth, matte black) in French, <strong>atro<\/strong> (dark, black, bleak, brooding) in Italian, and <strong>atro<\/strong> (jet-black, bad, evil, sinister) in Portuguese [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/h%E2%82%82eh%E2%82%81ter-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*noxt-stu-<\/strong> = night (?)<br \/>\n<strong>*sindai noxt\u0113<\/strong> = tonight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>nox<\/strong> = night (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nocht<\/strong> = night<br \/>\n<strong>innocht<\/strong> = tonight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nocht<\/strong> = night<br \/>\n<strong>innocht<\/strong> = tonight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>anocht<\/strong> [\u0259\u02c8n\u032a\u02e0\u0254xt\u032a\u02e0] = tonight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>a-nochd<\/strong> [\u0259\u02c8n\u032a\u02e0\u0254\u0303xg] = tonight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>noght<\/strong> = tonight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*hano\u0268\u03b8<\/strong> = tonight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh (Kembraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nos<\/strong> = night<br \/>\n<strong>henoid<\/strong> = tonight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nos<\/strong> = night<br \/>\n<strong>nosa, nossi, nosi<\/strong> = to become night, fall (of night)<br \/>\n<strong>nossavl, nossol, nosawl<\/strong> = nightlike, nocturnal, nightly<br \/>\n<strong>nos hon, noshon, nosson<\/strong> = evening, night<br \/>\n<strong>nosweith, nossweith, noswaith<\/strong> = evening, night<br \/>\n<strong>heno<\/strong> = tonight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nos<\/strong> [no\u02d0s] = night, evening, darkness (of night), vigil<br \/>\n<strong>nosi, nos\u00e1u<\/strong> = to become night, fall (of night)<br \/>\n<strong>nosaidd<\/strong> = nightlike<br \/>\n<strong>nosol<\/strong> = nightlike, nocturnal, nightly<br \/>\n<strong>noson<\/strong> = evening, night<br \/>\n<strong>noswaith<\/strong> = evening, night<br \/>\n<strong>heno<\/strong> = tonight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>nos<\/strong> = night<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nos, n\u00f4s<\/strong> = night<br \/>\n<strong>haneth<\/strong> = tonight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nos<\/strong> = night<br \/>\n<strong>nosweyth<\/strong> = night-time, at night<br \/>\n<strong>noswiker<\/strong> = smuggler<br \/>\n<strong>haneth<\/strong> = tonight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nos<\/strong> = night<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nos<\/strong> = night<br \/>\n<strong>fenozh, fennos, fenoz, fin-noz<\/strong> = tonight<br \/>\n<strong>antronoz all<\/strong> = the day after tomorrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>noz<\/strong> [\u02c8no\u02d0s] = night<br \/>\n<strong>nozi\u00f1<\/strong> [\u02c8no\u02d0z\u0129] = to get dark<br \/>\n<strong>nozvezh<\/strong> [\u02c8noz.v\u025bs] = overnight stay, duration of one night<br \/>\n<strong>nozik<\/strong> = a little dark<br \/>\n<strong>henoazh<\/strong> = tonight<br \/>\n<strong>eil tronoz<\/strong> = the day after tomorrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: either from Latin <em>nox<\/em>, from Proto-Italic <em>*nokts<\/em> (night), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*n\u00f3k\u02b7ts<\/em> (night). Or via Proto-Celtic <em>*noxs<\/em> (night), from the same PIE root [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/nos#Welsh\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same roots include <strong>night<\/strong>  in English, <strong>Nacht<\/strong> (night) in German, <strong>ochtend<\/strong> (morning) in Dutch, <strong>otta<\/strong> (dawn, early morning) in Swedish, <strong>\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b1<\/strong> (akt\u00edna &#8211; light ray, sunbeam) in Greek [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/n%C3%B3k%CA%B7ts\">source<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/An_Etymological_Dictionary_of_the_Gaelic_Language\">An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionaryq.com\/gaelg\/\">Fockleyreen: Manx &#8211; English Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.gaelg.im\/\">Gaelg Corpus<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\/page\/n5\/mode\/2up\">Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/fr\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"sponsored\" href=\"https:\/\/preply.sjv.io\/c\/1242341\/2037648\/24422\" target=\"_top\" id=\"2037648\"><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/a.impactradius-go.com\/display-ad\/24422-2037648\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\" width=\"728\" height=\"90\"\/><\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"0\" width=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/imp.pxf.io\/i\/1242341\/2037648\/24422\" style=\"position:absolute;visibility:hidden;\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A post about words for night, evening and related things in Celtic languages, and related words in other languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) adaig [\u02c8a\u00f0\u0259\u0263\u02b2] = night Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) adaig, aidche, oidche, adhaigh = night Irish (Gaeilge) o\u00edche [\u02c8i\u02d0h\u026a\/\u02c8\u0129\u02d0\u00e7\u0259\/\u02c8\u026ah\u0259] = night, period of darkness, night-time, nightfall, eve ano\u00edche [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,81,19,44,25,61,115,21,3,36,22,5,6,37,7,27,8,9,10,40,93,11,12,13,60,23,82,64,91,43,18,14],"tags":[52,46,51,145,211,48,56,47,53,49,210,55,50],"class_list":["post-8713","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-dutch-nederlands","category-english","category-french","category-gaulish","category-german","category-greek-","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-portuguese-portugues","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-proto-italic","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-swedish-svenska","category-time","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words","tag-breton","tag-celitc","tag-cornish","tag-etymology","tag-evening","tag-gaelic","tag-gaulish","tag-irish","tag-language","tag-manx","tag-night","tag-scottish-gaelic","tag-welsh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8713","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8713"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8713\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8715,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8713\/revisions\/8715"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8713"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8713"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8713"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}