{"id":8649,"date":"2025-01-24T16:03:32","date_gmt":"2025-01-24T16:03:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=8649"},"modified":"2025-01-24T16:03:32","modified_gmt":"2025-01-24T16:03:32","slug":"birth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2025\/01\/24\/birth\/","title":{"rendered":"Birth"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>to be born<\/strong>, <strong>birth<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/ianslingsby\/26131765546\/in\/photolist-2iXyKQs-Ks4Y51-2nUaNrT-2oyrGGN-FjsQPK-7xHt6L-LfTwdd-G76Kt8-2g7FNch-2mWSTNf-2g7FvWi-2g7FNrA-2nxsarL-2g7Fwen-2nxs7wc-2g7Fwxi-2g7Fwoq-2mU5vb9-2pifPyP-2g7FNYs-G6gQQs-2g7FwR4-2g7Fwho-2p4PeSQ-2nxjrWH-2fNs6Cv-2nxqZpn-2fNs77r-2fHQsFu-2nPXin4-SyVkyh-2fHQsQY-SrgF3R-2ptdfPd-bMfjA6-cSQSMY-2pt7Tkk-2pteFL2-r9gfPX-FPb8tQ-8vyHWr-8vyH7t-UAPduA-2iJFqq9-4ZoQry-2DjEvy\" title=\"IS7DII_19547\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/1450\/26131765546_21585e7577_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" alt=\"IS7DII_19547\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ganyetor<\/strong> = to be born<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gein<\/strong> = birth<br \/>\n<strong>genemain<\/strong> = birth, generation<br \/>\n<strong>gainithir<\/strong> = to be born, arise, beget, originate<br \/>\n<strong>ad\u00b7gainethar<\/strong> = to be reborn, to restitute<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gein, gene<\/strong> = birth,<br \/>\n<strong>genemain, geinemain<\/strong> = coming into existence, birth, generative power, growth, production, race, progeny, source, fountain-head<br \/>\n<strong>gainithir, gentair,  g\u0113ntar<\/strong> = to come to life, be born, produce, arise, originate, beget, procreate, conceive<br \/>\n<strong>ad-gainethar,  adgainethar<\/strong> = to be reborn, to restitute, make good<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gin<\/strong> [\u02c8\u025f\u026an\u02b2] = to give birth to, beget, procreate, generate, produce; begetting, birth, foetus, chid, offspring, person<br \/>\n<strong>gini\u00faint<\/strong> = procreation, conception, birth, reproduction, generation, embryo, progeny, breed<br \/>\n<strong>gini\u00fanach<\/strong> = generative<br \/>\n<strong>ginead\u00f3ir<\/strong> = begetter, sower, generator<br \/>\n<strong>ginead\u00f3ireacht<\/strong> = (act of) generating<br \/>\n<strong>ginealach<\/strong> = genealogy, pedigree<br \/>\n<strong>gineog<\/strong> = little offspring, baby (girl), little sprout, bud, germling<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gin<\/strong> [g\u02b2in] = beget, father, create, engender, procreate, reproduce, breed, generate<br \/>\n<strong>gineach<\/strong> [g\u02b2in\u0259x] = genetic<br \/>\n<strong>gineachas<\/strong> [g\u02b2in\u0259x\u0259s] = genesis<br \/>\n<strong>gineadach<\/strong> [g\u02b2in\u0259d\u0259x] = creative<br \/>\n<strong>gineadachadh<\/strong> = generating, generation<br \/>\n<strong>gineadair<\/strong> [g\u02b2in\u0259d\u026ar\u02b2] = progenitor, procreator, generator<br \/>\n<strong>ginealach<\/strong> [g\u02b2in\u0259l\u032a\u02e0\u0259x] = generation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gientyn<\/strong> = to beget, conceive, evolve, generate, procreate, produce; begetting, conceiving, conception, gender, generation, production<br \/>\n<strong>giennaghtyn<\/strong> = to beget, develop, generate, procreate; generation, developing, producing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*g\u0117njed<\/strong> = to be born<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ganed, geny, geni<\/strong> = to be born, give birth to, bring forth, beget, produce; birth<br \/>\n<strong>ganedic, ganedig<\/strong> = born, begotten, native, natural, innate, native<br \/>\n<strong>ganedigaeth<\/strong> = birth, offspring, procreation, origin, beginning, spiritual regeneration, the act of bringing forth<br \/>\n<strong>genedigawl<\/strong> = native, innate, hereditary, natural, born, indigenous, natal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>geni<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0261\u025bn\u026a\/\u02c8\u0261e\u02d0ni] = to be born, give birth to, bring forth, beget, produce; birth<br \/>\n<strong>ganedig, genedig<\/strong> = born, begotten, native, natural, innate, native<br \/>\n<strong>genedigaeth, ganedigaeth<\/strong> = birth, offspring, procreation, origin, beginning, spiritual regeneration, the act of bringing forth<br \/>\n<strong>genedigaethol, ganedigaethol<\/strong> = native (language, etc), pertaining to (a person&#8217;s) birth<br \/>\n<strong>genedigol, ganedigol<\/strong> = native, innate, hereditary, natural, born, indigenous, natal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>geny, genys, gynys<\/strong> = to be born<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>genys<\/strong> = born<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ganet, guenell, guenel<\/strong> = to give birth (to), to bring\/come into the world, to be born<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>genel, gana\u00f1, general<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0261\u1ebd\u02d0.n\u025bl] = to give birth (to), to bring\/come into the world, to be born<br \/>\n<strong>geneliezh<\/strong> = genesis<br \/>\n<strong>genidigezh<\/strong> = natural<br \/>\n<strong>gendik<\/strong> = native<br \/>\n<strong>adc\u02bchenel<\/strong> [ad.\u02c8\u0263\u1ebd\u02d0.n\u025bl] = to be reborn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Indo-European <em>*\u01f5n\u0325h\u2081y\u00e9tor<\/em>, from <em>*\u01f5enh\u2081-<\/em> (to produce, beget, give birth) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/ganyetor\">source<\/a>]. Words from the same PIE roots include: <strong>kind<\/strong> (child) and <strong>koning<\/strong> (king, monarch) (gender, sex) in Dutch, <strong>cognate<\/strong>, <strong>engine(er)<\/strong>, <strong>gender<\/strong>, <strong>gene<\/strong>, <strong>general<\/strong>, <strong>genesis<\/strong>, <strong>genetic<\/strong>, <strong>genial<\/strong>, <strong>genius<\/strong>, <strong>gentle<\/strong>, <strong>kin<\/strong>, <strong>king<\/strong>, <strong>nature<\/strong>, <strong>oxygen<\/strong> and <strong>progeny<\/strong> in English, <strong>Kind<\/strong> (child, kid, offspring) and <strong>K\u00f6nig<\/strong> (king) in German, <strong>nascere<\/strong> (to be born, bud, sprout) in Italian, and <strong>gentis<\/strong> (tribe, genus, family, kin) in Lithuanian [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/%C7%B5enh%E2%82%81-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*bereti<\/strong> = to carry<br \/>\n<strong>*\u0278arebereti<\/strong> = to use<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Ga\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>beirid<\/strong> [\u02c8b\u02b2er\u02b2i\u00f0\u02b2] = to carry, bear,  bring forth, judge<br \/>\n<strong>ar\u00b7beir<\/strong> [ar\u02c8b\u02b2er\u02b2] = to live, use, employ, eat, reproach, subdue, express<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>beirid, berid<\/strong> = to carry, infer, bear, bring forth, be born, yield, produce, judge, pass judgement<br \/>\n<strong>ar-beir, airbir<\/strong> = to live, eat, use, employ, plead, subdue, express<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>beir<\/strong> [b\u02b2\u025b\u027e\u02b2] = to bear, give birth to; lay (<em>eggs<\/em>); bear away, win; bring, take; catch, overtake; proceed, advance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>beir<\/strong> [ber\u02b2] = to take hold; bring forth, bear, produce; carry<br \/>\n<strong>beirachd<\/strong> [ber\u02b2\u0259xg] = bearing (children), giving birth, birthing, bringing forth, birth, nativity, taking hold, holding, catching up with<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>behr<\/strong> = to bear (<em>give birth to<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>ruggyr<\/strong> = birth, nativity<br \/>\n<strong>laa ruggyr, laa ruggyree<\/strong> = birthday<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*b\u0117r\u0268d<\/strong> [be\u031d\u02c8r\u0268\u02d0d] = to flow, carry<br \/>\n<strong>*\u0117r\u03b2\u0117r\u0268d<\/strong> [be\u031d\u02c8r\u0268\u02d0d] = to make use of, employ, take<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>beru<\/strong> = to flow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>beru<\/strong> = to flow, drip; drizzle<br \/>\n<strong>arfer<\/strong> [\u02c8arv\u025br] = to use, be used to, be accustomed to; custom, practice, procedure, habit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>berthy<\/strong>, <strong>perthy<\/strong> = to bear, carry, sustain, entertain, take<br \/>\n<strong>porthy<\/strong> = to bear (with), carry, endure, sustain, suffer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>perthi<\/strong> = to bear, endure, put up with, stand, suffer, tolerate<br \/>\n<strong>perthyans<\/strong> = endurance, patience, tolerance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>beraff<\/strong> = to flow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bera\u00f1<\/strong> [\u02c8be\u02d0r\u00e3] = to drip, flow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*b\u02b0\u00e9reti<\/em> (to be carrying), from <em>*b\u02b0er-<\/em> (to bear, carry) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/bereti\">source<\/a>]. Words from the same roots include: <strong>barn<\/strong>, <strong>barrow<\/strong>, <strong>(to) bear<\/strong>, <strong>birth<\/strong>, <strong>broad<\/strong> and <strong>(to) thole<\/strong> (to endure) in English, <strong>bie<\/strong> (to bring, deliver) Albanian, <strong>\u0562\u0565\u0580\u0565\u056c<\/strong> (berel &#8211; to bring, fetch) Armenian, and <strong>berti<\/strong> (to throw, strew, scatter, shed) Lithuanian [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/b%CA%B0%C3%A9reti\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/An_Etymological_Dictionary_of_the_Gaelic_Language\">An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionaryq.com\/gaelg\/\">Fockleyreen: Manx &#8211; English Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.gaelg.im\/\">Gaelg Corpus<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\">Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionnaires bilingues de Francis Favereau \/ Edition Skol Vreizh<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\"\nalt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for to be born, birth and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *ganyetor = to be born Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) gein = birth genemain = birth, generation gainithir = to be born, arise, beget, originate ad\u00b7gainethar = to be reborn, to restitute Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) gein, gene [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,66,114,16,26,81,61,21,83,3,110,22,5,6,37,7,27,10,11,12,13,23,43,18],"tags":[191,193,192,52,80,51,145,194,48,47,53,49,55,50],"class_list":["post-8649","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-albanian","category-armenian-","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-dutch-nederlands","category-german","category-gaeilge-irish","category-italian-italiano","category-language","category-lithuanian-lietuviu-kalba","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","tag-bear","tag-beget","tag-birth","tag-breton","tag-celtic","tag-cornish","tag-etymology","tag-flow","tag-gaelic","tag-irish","tag-language","tag-manx","tag-scottish-gaelic","tag-welsh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8649","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8649"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8649\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8652,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8649\/revisions\/8652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8649"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8649"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8649"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}