{"id":8554,"date":"2024-11-11T14:16:17","date_gmt":"2024-11-11T14:16:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=8554"},"modified":"2024-11-11T14:23:35","modified_gmt":"2024-11-11T14:23:35","slug":"gritty-gravel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2024\/11\/11\/gritty-gravel\/","title":{"rendered":"Gritty Gravel"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>gravel<\/strong>, <strong>grit<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/nocallerid_man\/3674875741\/in\/photolist-6AJGwz-5Yv4CK-33a9YL-dnazPr-2pgVSu3-8PHpjP-2ohS8Hz-oPfZKy-2ok1bfN-LbC6zj-gpQMDf-cUeSvm-cnz6rE-8PHpfz-2qghCRR-2jhx3Yx-8PHpbz-8PHpfR-cUeVaY-cUeWN7-cUeUCW-cUeVGu-au6aY9-8PHpgp-cUeWpj-cUeXhE-cUeVj1-cUeTnL-cUeX5h-au3vYn-au6aKu-cUeVRo-au3vRZ-cUeTKN-cUeUrY-5Yzwm7-au6a4m-cUeWzf-cUeTxs-cUeSGU-au3vaZ-au69Xy-cUeUZE-cUeURs-cUeTYN-8PHpi6-cUeSTd-cUeTa3-8PiEp-au6b8h\" title=\"Gravelly\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/3566\/3674875741_0f670621cc_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"431\" alt=\"Gravelly\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*griyano-<\/strong> = gravel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gr\u00efan<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0261\u02b2r\u02b2i.an] = gravel, sand, river bottom, sea floor<br \/>\n<strong>grindell<\/strong> = gravel, lake bed, sea bed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>grian, gr\u00edan<\/strong> = gravel, sand, sea or river bottom, basis, foundation, earth, land<br \/>\n<strong>grenach, grenaig<\/strong> = gravel<br \/>\n<strong>grindell, grinnell, grinneal<\/strong> = sea or lake bed, gravel, bedrock, foundation, floor, bottom<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>grean<\/strong> [\u025f\u027e\u02b2an\u032a\u02e0] = gravel, grit, coarse sand; to engrave<br \/>\n<strong>grian<\/strong> = (sea, lake, river) bottom, earth, surface<br \/>\n<strong>grianach<\/strong> = gravelly<br \/>\n<strong>greanach<\/strong> = gravel, gravelly spoil, gritty<br \/>\n<strong>greanadh<\/strong> = engraving, shapeliness, shape, figure<br \/>\n<strong>greanad\u00f3ir<\/strong> = engraver<br \/>\n<strong>greanad\u00f3ireacht<\/strong> = engraving<br \/>\n<strong>greanchloch<\/strong> = gritstone, millstone<br \/>\n<strong>grineall<\/strong> = (sea, lake, river) bed, bedrock, depth, foundation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>grean<\/strong> [gr\u02b2\u025bn\u032a] = (river \/ lake) bed, gravel, coarse sand<br \/>\n<strong>grean-aibhne<\/strong> = riverbed<br \/>\n<strong>grinneal<\/strong> [gr\u02b2in\u032a\u02b2\u0259L] = gravel, grit, (river \/ sea) bottom<br \/>\n<strong>grinnealach<\/strong> = deep, gulfy, gravelly, sabulous (sandy or gritty)<br \/>\n<strong>grinnealachd<\/strong> = grittiness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>grineen<\/strong> = bead, granule, grit, pinch<br \/>\n<strong>grineenagh<\/strong> = gritty, grained, grainy, granulated, granulous<br \/>\n<strong>grineenid<\/strong> = grittiness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>graean, grayan, graeeyn<\/strong> = gravel, coarse sand, shingle, grit, grain, granule<br \/>\n<strong>graenauc, graeanog, graianoc<\/strong> = gravelly, full of gravel, harsh, grating<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>graean<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0261re\u0268\u032f.an \/ \u02c8\u0261rei\u032f.an] = gravel, coarse sand, shingle, grit, grain, granule<br \/>\n<strong>grae(a)nog<\/strong> = gravelly, full of gravel, harsh, grating<br \/>\n<strong>graeanu<\/strong> = to (spread) gravel (over), to granulate, scour, grit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: uncertain, possibly related to Proto-Celtic <em>*gr\u0101w\u0101<\/em> (gravel, pebbles) &#8211; see below [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/griyano-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*gr\u0101w\u0101<\/strong> = gravel, pebbles<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>griothal<\/strong> = gravel, gravelly soil<br \/>\n<strong>griothalach<\/strong> = gravelly, gritty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>grothal<\/strong> = gravel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*gr\u1ecdw<\/strong> = gravel, pebbles<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh (Kembraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gro<\/strong> = gravel, shingle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gro<\/strong> = gravel, shingle<br \/>\n<strong>grodir, gro dir<\/strong> = gravelly land, sandy soil, grave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gro<\/strong> [\u0261ro\u02d0] = gravel, shingle, gravelly shore, strand<br \/>\n<strong>grobwll<\/strong> = gravel pit, grave<br \/>\n<strong>grodir<\/strong> = gravelly land, sandy soil, grave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>grou<\/strong> = gravel, sand<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>grow<\/strong> = gravel, sand<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>grow<\/strong> = gravel<br \/>\n<strong>growan<\/strong> = granite<br \/>\n<strong>growanen<\/strong> = pebble<br \/>\n<strong>growen<\/strong> = gravel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>grean, grouan<\/strong> = gravel<br \/>\n<strong>grouanec<\/strong> = gravelly, grave pit<br \/>\n<strong>groanenn<\/strong> = piece of gravel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>grouan<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0261ru\u02d0\u00e3n] = gravel<br \/>\n<strong>grouana\u00f1<\/strong> = to engrave<br \/>\n<strong>grouaneg<\/strong> = gravelly, grave pit<br \/>\n<strong>grouanenn<\/strong> = piece of gravel<br \/>\n<strong>grouanus<\/strong> = gravelly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Indo-European <em>*g\u02b0roh\u2081weh\u2082<\/em>, from <em>*g\u02b0reh\u2081w-<\/em> (to grind).<br \/>\nWords from the same Proto-Celtic roots include <strong>grava<\/strong> (gravel) in Catalan, <strong>gr\u00e8ve<\/strong> (flat, sandy land along the sea or a large river) in French, <strong>grava<\/strong> (gravel) in Spanish, and <strong>grave<\/strong> (gravel, shore, gravelly ground) in Occitan [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/gr%C4%81w%C4%81\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE roots include: <strong>grit<\/strong>, <strong>groat<\/strong>,  <strong>grout<\/strong> and <strong>gruel<\/strong> in English, <strong>Grie\u00df<\/strong> (semolina) in German, <strong>grj\u00f3t<\/strong> (coarse stones, rubble) in Icelandic, <strong>gryt<\/strong> (a badger&#8217;s sett, a fox&#8217;s den) in Swedish, <strong>riutta<\/strong> (reef) in Finnish, and <strong>gr\u00faodas<\/strong> (frozen mud or earth) in Lithuanian [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic\/greut%C4%85\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>graib\u00e9l<\/strong> = gravel, sand<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gairbh\u00e9al<\/strong> = gravel<br \/>\n<strong>gairbh\u00e9alach<\/strong> = gravelly<br \/>\n<strong>gairbh\u00e9alta<\/strong> = gravelled<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>greabhal<\/strong> = gravel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>garvel<\/strong> = gravel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>grafel, gravael, gravel<\/strong> = gravel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>graf(a)el<\/strong> = gravel<br \/>\n<strong>grafelu, grafaelio<\/strong> = to sprinkle with gravel, make sore by chafing<br \/>\n<strong>graf(a)eliog<\/strong> = gravelly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from English <strong>gravel<\/strong> or Middle English <em>gravel \/ gravail(le)<\/em> (sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles), from Old French <em>gravele<\/em> (gravel), a diminutive of <em>grave<\/em> (gravel, seashore), from Medieval Latin <em>grava<\/em>, possibly from Gaulish <em>grava<\/em>, from Proto-Celtic <em>gr\u0101w\u0101<\/em> (gravel, pebbles), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*g\u02b0roh\u2081weh\u2082<\/em>, from <em>*g\u02b0reh\u2081w-<\/em> (to grind) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/gravel#English\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/An_Etymological_Dictionary_of_the_Gaelic_Language\">An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionaryq.com\/gaelg\/\">Fockleyreen: Manx &#8211; English Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.gaelg.im\/\">Gaelg Corpus<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\">Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionnaires bilingues de Francis Favereau \/ Edition Skol Vreizh<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\"\nalt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for gravel, grit and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *griyano- = gravel Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) gr\u00efan [\u02c8\u0261\u02b2r\u02b2i.an] = gravel, sand, river bottom, sea floor grindell = gravel, lake bed, sea bed Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) grian, gr\u00edan = gravel, sand, sea or river bottom, basis, foundation, earth, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,101,26,19,20,129,44,25,61,65,21,3,36,110,22,5,6,77,37,7,27,45,9,78,10,40,11,12,13,23,82,64,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8554","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-catalan-catala","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-finnish-suomi","category-french","category-gaulish","category-german","category-icelandic-islenska","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-lithuanian-lietuviu-kalba","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-english-englisch","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-occitan","category-old-cornish","category-old-french-franceis","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-swedish-svenska","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8554","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8554"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8554\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8558,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8554\/revisions\/8558"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8554"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8554"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8554"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}