{"id":8552,"date":"2024-11-07T15:53:39","date_gmt":"2024-11-07T15:53:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=8552"},"modified":"2024-11-07T15:53:39","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T15:53:39","slug":"counting-numbers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2024\/11\/07\/counting-numbers\/","title":{"rendered":"Counting Numbers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>number<\/strong>, <strong>to count<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/morebyless\/9423385629\/in\/photolist-6aoKMB-2naAACA-2noWvDt-7ixppk-7Dpz8d-ftyZh-5BCf-fmHjf2-9mqFmA-m3CPo-kwYL7-dpwea-7ixpfM-buw58e-9A6rSx-9tM3Lx-9tQ1qE-FJ8Dv9-mTjBQ-5Y6ovS-qJyamo-9iKGTP-eoTrMt-ftyXx-7mVfDM-Xv2te9-QiWTJt-2kodomY-jWGuhC-2iFRNG-SDFB7m-2kvJY5E-74dygu-5sgPP5-6pyLez-kmu62-cCvjx-2ihkmbd-7MsZTS-7LKP6F-5oWtpp-4p8XyZ-F44mix-6G7MWq-o9ocCo-cJLD1m-kwYVc\" title=\"Numbers\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/2827\/9423385629_171671f9c2_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" alt=\"Numbers\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*r\u012bm\u0101<\/strong> = number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>r\u00edm<\/strong> [r\u0348\u02b2i\u02d0\u03b2\u0303] = counting, enumerating, number, telling, relating, metrics<br \/>\n<strong>r\u00edmid<\/strong> [\u02c8r\u0348\u02b2i\u02d0\u03b2\u0303\u0268\u00f0\u02b2] = to count, reckon, estimate, impute, compose, recount, relate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>r\u00edm<\/strong> = counting, enumerating, number, telling, relating<br \/>\n<strong>r\u00edmid, r\u00edmaid<\/strong> = to count, reckon, estimate, recount, relate, compose<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>r\u00edomh<\/strong> [\u027e\u02e0i\u02d0v\u02e0\/\u027e\u02e0i\u02d0w] = enumeration, calculation, computation, narration<br \/>\n<strong>r\u00edomhaire<\/strong> = counter, enumerator, calculator, computer<br \/>\n<strong>r\u00edomhaireacht<\/strong> = counting, enumeration, calculation, computation<br \/>\n<strong>r\u00edomhchl\u00e1raitheoir<\/strong> = computer programmer<br \/>\n<strong>r\u00edomheola\u00edocht<\/strong> = computer science<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>r\u00ecomh\u2020<\/strong> = reckoning, numbering, computation<br \/>\n<strong>r\u00ecmh\u2020<\/strong> = number, to reckon, compute<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*rri\u03b2\u0303<\/strong> = number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rif, yrif, rhif<\/strong> = sum, number, etc<br \/>\n<strong>rhifo, riuaw, riua\u1efd<\/strong> = to count<br \/>\n<strong>rifed, riued, ryved<\/strong> = number, many, abundance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rhif<\/strong> [r\u0325i\u02d0v] = the sum, number, as many or numerous (as), a (great) many, crowd, host, multitude, large amount, worth, esteem, honour, praise, figure, digit, numeral, count, reckoning, measure<br \/>\n<strong>rhifadwy<\/strong> = countable, numerable<br \/>\n<strong>rhif(i)o<\/strong> = to count, number, amount to, enumerate, list, recount, enlist, muster<br \/>\n<strong>rhifed<\/strong> = number, many, abundance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>riv<\/strong> = number<br \/>\n<strong>riva<\/strong> = to number<br \/>\n<strong>riven<\/strong> = digit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ri\u00f1v<\/strong> = number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2082rey-<\/em> (to count, reason, think) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/r%C4%ABm%C4%81\">source<\/a>]. Words from the same root include <strong>arithmetic<\/strong>, <strong>rhyme<\/strong>, <strong>rite<\/strong>, <strong>ritual<\/strong> and <strong>ready<\/strong> in Englsh, <strong>reic<\/strong> (to sell in Irish, <strong>\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd<\/strong> (regular) in Czech, and <strong>rinda<\/strong> (row, line, queue) in Latvian [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/h%E2%82%82rey-\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*adr\u012bm\u0101<\/strong> = counting, number, reckoning<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00e1irem<\/strong> = number, numeral, quantity. amount, sum, reckoning, repute, account<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00e1irem, \u00e1ram, arim, \u0101rem<\/strong> = counting, reckoning, estimating, number, numeral, amount, sum<br \/>\n<strong>com\u00e1irem, comairem, comairemh<\/strong> = reckoning, calculating, computation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00e1ireamh<\/strong> = enumeration, census, arithmetric, number, portion<br \/>\n<strong>comhair<\/strong> = to count, calculate<br \/>\n<strong>comhaireamh<\/strong> = to count, calculation, reckoning<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00e0ireamh<\/strong> [a\u02d0r\u02b2\u0259v] = number, sum, tally, computation, counting, enumerating; count, enumerate<br \/>\n<strong>\u00e0ireamhach<\/strong> [a\u02d0r\u02b2\u0259v\u0259x] = numeral, arithmetician<br \/>\n<strong>\u00e0ireamhachadh<\/strong> [a\u02d0r\u02b2\u0259v\u0259x\u0259\u0263] = numbering, enumerating, enumeration, calculating, computing, calculation, computation<br \/>\n<strong>\u00e0ireamhail<\/strong> [a\u02d0r\u02b2\u0259v\u0259xal] = arithmetical<br \/>\n<strong>\u00e0ireamhachas<\/strong> [a\u02d0r\u02b2\u0259v\u0259x\u0259s] = numeracy<br \/>\n<strong>\u00e0ireamhair<\/strong> [a\u02d0r\u02b2\u0259v\u025br\u02b2] = calculator (tool), arithmetician<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>earroo<\/strong> = number, sum, figure, census, statistics, tell<br \/>\n<strong>co-earroo<\/strong> = calculation, computation, counting, telling, to compute, count<br \/>\n<strong>earrooaghey<\/strong> = number(ing)<br \/>\n<strong>co-earrooaghey<\/strong> = to calculate, calculating, numbering<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*\u0117\u00f0ri\u03b2\u0303<\/strong> = (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>eryryw, eiryf, eirif<\/strong> = number, amount, sum, account, reckoning<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>eirif<\/strong> = number, amount, a large number, many, sum, account, reckoning<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>eirimotor<\/strong> = (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Celtic <em>*r\u012bm\u0101<\/em> (number) &#8211; see above [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/adr%C4%ABm%C4%81\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>uimir<\/strong> = number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>(n)uimir<\/strong> = number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>uimhir<\/strong> [\u02c8\u026av\u02b2\u0259\u027e\u02b2 \/ \u02c8\u0268\u031e\u0303v\u02b2\u0259\u027e\u02b2] = number, count, aggregate<br \/>\n<strong>uimhreoir<\/strong> = numerator<br \/>\n<strong>uimhrigh<\/strong> = to number, figure<br \/>\n<strong>uimhr\u00edocht<\/strong> = arithmetic<br \/>\n<strong>uimhr\u00edocht\u00fail<\/strong> = arithmetical<br \/>\n<strong>uimhri\u00fa<\/strong> = numbering, numeration, figuring<br \/>\n<strong>uimhri\u00fail<\/strong> = numerical, numeral<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>uimhir<\/strong> [\u026fv\u026ar\u02b2] = quantity, amount, number, so\/as much\/many<br \/>\n<strong>fuimhir<\/strong> [f\u026fv\u026ar\u02b2] = quantity, number<br \/>\n<strong>uimhireach<\/strong> [\u026fv\u026ar\u02b2\u0259x] = numerous<br \/>\n<strong>uimhireach<\/strong> [\u026fv\u026ar\u02b2\u026a\u00e7] = arithmetician<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ni\u03b2\u0303er<\/strong> = number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh (Kembraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nimer<\/strong> = number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>niuer, niver, nifer<\/strong> = number host, company, retinue, troop, crowd<br \/>\n<strong>nifery<\/strong> = to number, enumerate, count<br \/>\n<strong>niveredic<\/strong> = counted, numbered<br \/>\n<strong>niferawg, niuerawc, nigerog, niverog<\/strong> = numerous, abundant, having hosts, troops, retinues, etc<br \/>\n<strong>nifeiriawl, niferawl, niueiriawl<\/strong> = numerous, abundant, numerical<br \/>\n<strong>kyfnifer, kyfniuer<\/strong> = as many, equal number, even number, a great many, large number, host<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nifer<\/strong> [\u02c8n\u026av\u025br] = number, host, company, retinue, troop, crowd<br \/>\n<strong>niferu, nifeirio<\/strong> = to number, enumerate, count<br \/>\n<strong>niferedig<\/strong> = counted, numbered<br \/>\n<strong>niferadol<\/strong> = numerical, pertaining to a census<br \/>\n<strong>nifer(i)og<\/strong> = numerous, abundant, having hosts, troops, retinues, etc<br \/>\n<strong>nifer(i)ol<\/strong> = numerous, abundant, numerical<br \/>\n<strong>cyfnifer<\/strong> = as many, equal number, even number, a great many, large number, host<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>never, niver<\/strong> = number<br \/>\n<strong>nevera, nivera, nyfyrys<\/strong> = to number, count, reckon<br \/>\n<strong>cyniver, cynyver, cenifer, cenyver, ceniver<\/strong> = so many, as many as, every, every one<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>niver<\/strong> = number<br \/>\n<strong>nivera<\/strong> = to count, number<br \/>\n<strong>niverek<\/strong> = numerical<br \/>\n<strong>niverell<\/strong> = counter, counting device<br \/>\n<strong>niveren<\/strong> = numeral<br \/>\n<strong>niverenans, niverednans<\/strong> = numbering<br \/>\n<strong>niveronieth<\/strong> = arithmetic<br \/>\n<strong>niverus<\/strong> = numerous<br \/>\n<strong>niveryans<\/strong> = census, count<br \/>\n<strong>keniver<\/strong> = as many, everyone, so many<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nimer<\/strong> = number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>niuer, nyuer<\/strong> = number<br \/>\n<strong>niueraff<\/strong> = to enumerate, number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>niver<\/strong> [\u02c8ni\u02d0.v\u025br] = number<br \/>\n<strong>niveradeg<\/strong> = census<br \/>\n<strong>niveradur<\/strong> = ennumeration<br \/>\n<strong>niverenn<\/strong> [ni.\u02c8ve\u02d0.r\u025bn] = number<br \/>\n<strong>niverenna\u00f1<\/strong> = to number<br \/>\n<strong>niverer<\/strong> = numerator<br \/>\n<strong>nivererezh<\/strong> = numbering<br \/>\n<strong>niveridigezh<\/strong> = enumeration, census<br \/>\n<strong>niveri\u00f1<\/strong> [ni\u02c8ve\u02d0r\u0129] = to enumerate, number<br \/>\n<strong>niveroniezh<\/strong> [\u02ccni.ve.r\u0254\u0303.\u02c8ni\u02d0.\u025bs] = arithmetic<br \/>\n<strong>niverus<\/strong> [ni.\u02c8ve\u02d0.rus] = numerous<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Latin <em>numerus<\/em> (number, collection, quantity, time, rhythm) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/uimhir\">source<\/a>], from Proto-Italic <em>*nomezos<\/em>, from PIE <em>*nem-<\/em> (to distribute give, take). Words from the same root <strong>economic<\/strong>, <strong>numb<\/strong> and <strong>number<\/strong>, <strong>numeral<\/strong> in English, <strong>nemen<\/strong> (to take, grasp, grab) in Dutch, <strong>nehmen<\/strong> (to take, hold, grasp), and <strong>n\u00famero<\/strong> (number) in Spanish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/nem-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/An_Etymological_Dictionary_of_the_Gaelic_Language\">An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionaryq.com\/gaelg\/\">Fockleyreen: Manx &#8211; English Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.gaelg.im\/\">Gaelg Corpus<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\">Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionnaires bilingues de Francis Favereau \/ Edition Skol Vreizh<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\"\nalt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for number, to count and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *r\u012bm\u0101 = number Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) r\u00edm [r\u0348\u02b2i\u02d0\u03b2\u0303] = counting, enumerating, number, telling, relating, metrics r\u00edmid [\u02c8r\u0348\u02b2i\u02d0\u03b2\u0303\u0268\u00f0\u02b2] = to count, reckon, estimate, impute, compose, recount, relate Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) r\u00edm = counting, enumerating, number, telling, relating [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,75,81,19,20,21,3,36,109,22,5,6,37,7,27,127,8,10,40,11,12,13,60,23,82,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-czech-cestina","category-dutch-nederlands","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-latvian-latviesu-valoda","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-numbers","category-old-breton","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-proto-italic","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8552","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8552"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8552\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8553,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8552\/revisions\/8553"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8552"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8552"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8552"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}