{"id":8532,"date":"2024-10-23T16:42:59","date_gmt":"2024-10-23T15:42:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=8532"},"modified":"2026-04-30T15:10:54","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T14:10:54","slug":"sufficiently-enough","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2024\/10\/23\/sufficiently-enough\/","title":{"rendered":"Sufficiently Enough"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This post looks into words for <strong>enough<\/strong>, <strong>sufficient<\/strong> and related things in the Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/sonotoki\/38027314314\/in\/photolist-ZWkVGf-Co9Jy8-nDP2Bg-nC2mzL-nzZRkE-7CRpiV-FXu9hX-nCErFd-nme1Ch-GJCA1U-GLXhja-nmAcEV-ZXWWr5-nBPro5-nk1kT5-GLWA4a-GPToHN-nk563y-nmzKrx-nmh3nK-nzsALS-nCGTuz-nk2M1W-8dppmH-GSVUYz-nztnU7-nzri3N-nBg2vj-nBRGwN-nk2VFd-nzsDqj-8dphxx-GPTrqm-nCGVCw-8dpjrT-nmzAbb-FXqZa5-8dsBA3-nAEwiJ-nmdBj5-nmdvnL-nzrTHu-njZpqY-nCrPPL-8dpp1t-nCMC5n-nBusUn-nCGii7-nmb9fh-GLWX9M\" title=\"\u5929\u56fd Heaven\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/4521\/38027314314_b40a1c8a8e_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" alt=\"\u5929\u56fd Heaven\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*\u0278roweros<\/strong> = many, enough, sufficient<br \/>\n<strong>*laweros<\/strong> = many, enough, sufficient<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>l\u00f3r<\/strong> = enough, sufficient, sufficiency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>l\u00f3r, loor, lour, le\u00f3r, lour<\/strong> = enough, sufficient, great, ample, adequate, competent; sufficiently<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leor<\/strong> [l\u0320\u02b2o\u02d0\u027e\u02e0\/l\u0320\u02b2\u0254\u02d0\u027e\u02e0] = sufficient, ample,<br \/>\n<strong>go leor<\/strong> = enough, plenty<br \/>\n<strong>leorch\u00faiteamh<\/strong> = indemnification<br \/>\n<strong>leordh\u00f3thain<\/strong> = sufficiency, plenty<br \/>\n<strong>leorgnh\u00edomh<\/strong> = full amends, reparation, restitution<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>le\u00f2r<\/strong> [\u032al\u02b2\u0254\u02d0r] = satiety, sufficency<br \/>\n<strong>gu le\u00f2r<\/strong> [g\u0259 l\u032a\u02b2\u0254\u02d0r] = enough, sufficient(ly), galore<br \/>\n<strong>le\u00f2r-ghn\u00ecomh<\/strong> = satisfaction<br \/>\n<strong>le\u00f2rachd<\/strong> = amplitude<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>liooar<\/strong> = sufficient<br \/>\n<strong>dy liooar<\/strong> = adequate, ample, enough, galore, sufficient, umpteen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*llower<\/strong> = <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>llauer, llawer<\/strong> = many, lot, much, abundance, large quantity, frequent, numerous<br \/>\n<strong>llauered, llawered, llavered<\/strong> = many, large number(s), lot(s), much, abundance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>llawer<\/strong> [\u02c8\u026cau\u032f.\u025br] = many, lot, much, abundance, large quantity, frequent, numerous<br \/>\n<strong>llaweredd<\/strong> = many, large number(s), lot(s), much, abundance<br \/>\n<strong>llawerhau<\/strong> = to multiply<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lower,<\/strong> = many, much<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lower<\/strong> = many, much<br \/>\n<strong>lower gweyth<\/strong> = often<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: the reconstruction of the Proto-Celtic root is disputed &#8211; both possibilities are given. <em>*laweros<\/em> is possibly from <em>*leh\u2082w-<\/em> (to seize, to gain, benefit, prize) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/%C9%B8roweros\">source<\/a>], which is also the root of the English word <strong>lucre<\/strong> (money, riches, wealth), the Swedish word <strong>l\u00f6n<\/strong> (reward, salary, wage), the Irish word <strong>luach<\/strong> (value, price, reward), and the Welsh word <strong>golud<\/strong> (wealth, riches) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/leh%E2%82%82w-\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<p>The English word <strong>galore<\/strong> comes from Irish <strong>go leor<\/strong> and\/or Scottish Gaelic <strong>gu le\u00f2r<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/galore#English\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*s\u0101tis<\/strong> = sufficiency, fill<br \/>\n<strong>*s\u0101ss\u0101ti<\/strong> = to satisfy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>s\u00e1ith<\/strong> [\u02c8sa\u02d0\u03b8] = sufficiency, fill (of food)<br \/>\n<strong>s\u00e1thech<\/strong> = sated, satiated, satisfied<br \/>\n<strong>s\u00e1ithigid<\/strong> = to satiate, satisfy<br \/>\n<strong>s\u00e1said<\/strong> [\u02c8sa\u02d0.s\u0259\u00f0\u02b2] = to satisfy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>s\u00e1ith, s\u00e1th, s\u0101th<\/strong> = sufficency, as much as one requires, fill (of food), customary meal, appetite<br \/>\n<strong>s\u00e1thech, sathach, s\u0101ithech<\/strong> = satisfied, filled, content, flourishing<br \/>\n<strong>s\u00e1ithigid, saithigudh<\/strong> = to satiate, satisfy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>s\u00e1ith<\/strong> [s\u02e0\u0251\u02d0 \/ s\u02e0a\u02d0\u00e7] = food, (full) meal, feed, fill, sufficiency, enough<br \/>\n<strong>s\u00e1ithigh<\/strong> = to sate, satiate, saturate<br \/>\n<strong>s\u00e1ithithech<\/strong> = saturating<br \/>\n<strong>s\u00e1ithi\u00fa<\/strong> = satiety, saturation<br \/>\n<strong>s\u00e1saigh<\/strong> = to satisfy, please; (<em>literary<\/em>) to sate (hunger), to quench (thirst)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>s\u00e0th<\/strong> [sa\u02d0] = plenty, abundance, fill<br \/>\n<strong>s\u00e0thach<\/strong> [sa\u02d0.\u0259x] = satiated person, bellyful, plenty, enough, filling, satiating<br \/>\n<strong>s\u00e0thachd<\/strong> [sa\u02d0.\u0259xg] = saturation<br \/>\n<strong>s\u00e0thaichte<\/strong> = sated, saturated<br \/>\n<strong>s\u00e0sach<\/strong> [sa\u02d0s\u0259x] = grasping, fastening, satiating, satisfying; glutton<br \/>\n<strong>s\u00e0saich<\/strong> [sa\u02d0s\u026a\u00e7] = satisfy, content, satiate, redress (in law)<br \/>\n<strong>s\u00e0saichte<\/strong> [sa\u02d0s\u026a\u00e7d\u02b2\u0259] = satisfied, contented, satiated<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>saie<\/strong> = satiety, fill, satisfaction replete<br \/>\n<strong>saieid<\/strong> = satiety, repletion, glut<br \/>\n<strong>saieys<\/strong> = satiety, repletion, sufficiency<br \/>\n<strong>saieagh<\/strong> = satiating<br \/>\n<strong>saasaghey<\/strong> = to satisfy, contrive, remedy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Indo-European <em>*seh\u2082-<\/em> (to satiate, satisfy) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/s%C3%A1th#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>], which is also the root of <strong>sad<\/strong>, <strong>satisfy<\/strong> and <strong>satiety<\/strong> in English; <strong>satt<\/strong> (not hungry, satiated, full, done) in German; <strong>zat<\/strong> (fed up, drink, sated, full) in Dutch; <strong>sazio<\/strong> (sated, full up) in Italian, and <strong>s\u0101ts<\/strong> (moderation, satiety, fill) in Latvian  [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/seh%E2%82%82-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>do\u00edthin<\/strong> = sufficency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>do\u00edthin, do\u00e9thain, deothin<\/strong> = a sufficiency, enough<br \/>\n<strong>do\u00edthenach<\/strong> = satiated, satisfied<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>d\u00f3thain<\/strong> [\u02c8d\u032a\u02e0o\u02d0h\u0259n\u02b2\/\u02c8d\u032a\u02e0\u0254h\u0259n\u02b2] = enough, sufficiency<br \/>\n<strong>d\u00f3thanach<\/strong> = satiated, fed up, tired<br \/>\n<strong>d\u00f3thanacht<\/strong> = satiety<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>daothain<\/strong> [d\u026f\u02d0.\u026an\u032a\u02b2] = sufficency, fill<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: unknown [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/d%C3%B3thain\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*d\u012bk\u0101neti<\/strong> = (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh (Kembraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dicone<\/strong> = to do, make, act, perform<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>digaun, digawn, digaunt<\/strong> = enough, sufficiency, plenty<br \/>\n<strong>diconher, digoni<\/strong> = to do, make, act, perform<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>digon<\/strong> [\u02c8d\u026a\u0261\u0254n] = enough, sufficiency, plenty, abundance, adequate, plentiful, ample<br \/>\n<strong>digoni<\/strong> = to do, make, act, perform, to satisfy, suffice, fill, satiate,<br \/>\n<strong>digonol<\/strong> = adequate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from Proto-Celtic <em>*d\u012b-<\/em> (from, of) and <em>*k\u0101n-<\/em> (sound) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/digoni#Welsh\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Breton words for enough, sufficient, etc include: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>trawalc&#8217;h<\/strong> = enough (of), enough!<\/li>\n<li><strong>bast<\/strong> = sufficient\n<li><strong>brasoni<\/strong> = sufficiency\n<li><strong>sufis<\/strong> = sufficient, adequate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: unknown.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/An_Etymological_Dictionary_of_the_Gaelic_Language\">An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionaryq.com\/gaelg\/\">Fockleyreen: Manx &#8211; English Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.gaelg.im\/\">Gaelg Corpus<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\/page\/n5\/mode\/2up\">Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionnaires bilingues de Francis Favereau \/ Edition Skol Vreizh<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\"\nalt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This post looks into words for enough, sufficient and related things in the Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *\u0278roweros = many, enough, sufficient *laweros = many, enough, sufficient Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) l\u00f3r = enough, sufficient, sufficiency Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) l\u00f3r, loor, lour, le\u00f3r, lour = enough, sufficient, great, ample, adequate, competent; sufficiently Irish (Gaeilge) leor [l\u0320\u02b2o\u02d0\u027e\u02e0\/l\u0320\u02b2\u0254\u02d0\u027e\u02e0] = [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,26,81,19,20,61,21,83,3,109,22,6,37,7,27,10,40,11,12,13,23,64,43,18,14],"tags":[52,46,51,152,145,48,47,53,49,55,153],"class_list":["post-8532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-dutch-nederlands","category-english","category-etymology","category-german","category-gaeilge-irish","category-italian-italiano","category-language","category-latvian-latviesu-valoda","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-swedish-svenska","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words","tag-breton","tag-celitc","tag-cornish","tag-enough","tag-etymology","tag-gaelic","tag-irish","tag-language","tag-manx","tag-scottish-gaelic","tag-sufficient"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8532","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8532"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8532\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9186,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8532\/revisions\/9186"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8532"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8532"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8532"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}