{"id":8402,"date":"2024-08-31T13:31:37","date_gmt":"2024-08-31T12:31:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=8402"},"modified":"2024-08-31T14:06:19","modified_gmt":"2024-08-31T13:06:19","slug":"furrowed-trenches","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2024\/08\/31\/furrowed-trenches\/","title":{"rendered":"Furrowed Trenches"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>furrow<\/strong>, <strong>trench<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/colinsd40\/51956386558\/in\/photolist-4ETLvJ-26j4okq-2nad4Af-JfBhjd-4GFTCy-yFZ9a-2mRpDcX-HTwBN6-7AuZZV-2eiSwE8-q2Cobr-74Zqp3-4GSf4g-2gJQKjW-sbXZAK-9o1PhY-JWgZCa-2kTkWGg-6geDuK-xGRqo5-2MDBnL-dhh1b9-PmxrKc-7y3eoH-2m2qtQj-2oKQhEU-7TgFeJ-ekNMzz-9sCPfD-EZ2ii3-2nmpLjA-2nmwiLU-2kFNo8Z-2pg6RCG-25fgs-ociPBk-9ig1D9-dhCo8W-2e62kj6-2nxDcPF-4Ndajz-fEr4bS-fEr48h-fEr4JQ-fE9tRp-fE9tJ2-fEr4BC\" title=\"Furrows\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/65535\/51956386558_3ff1bc92b7_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"341\" alt=\"Furrows\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*\u0278rik\u0101<\/strong> = furrow<br \/>\n<strong>*enter\u0278riky\u0101<\/strong> = furrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>*rik\u0101\/*ric\u0101<\/strong> = furrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rech<\/strong> = furrow<br \/>\n<strong>etrech<\/strong> = furrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>etarche, etrige, eitre<\/strong> = furrow, groove, channel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>eitre<\/strong> [\u02c8\u025bt\u02b2\u0259\u027e\u02b2\u0259] = furrow, groove, ridge<br \/>\n<strong>eitreach<\/strong> = furrowed, grooved, rifled<br \/>\n<strong>eitrigh<\/strong> = furrow, groove<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>eitre<\/strong> = trench, furrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>eerey<\/strong> = furrow length, plough length<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*rr\u0268x<\/strong> = furrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rych, rich, rrych<\/strong> = trench, ditch, furrow, groove<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rhych<\/strong> [r\u0325\u0268\u02d0\u03c7\/r\u0325i\u02d0\u03c7] = trench, ditch, furrow, groove, streak, wrinkle, cleft, cleavage<br \/>\n<strong>rhychiad<\/strong> = crease, wrinkle, furrowing, trenching, chamfering<br \/>\n<strong>rhych(i)og<\/strong> = furrowed, wrinkled, shrivelled<br \/>\n<strong>rhychu<\/strong> = to cut a trench, cut into rows, plough, groove, corrugate, make or become wrinkled<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rec<\/strong> = furrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rec<\/strong> = furrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>reg<\/strong> = line, furrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*pr\u0325keh\u2082<\/em> (furrow), from <em>*per\u1e31-<\/em> (to open, rip up, dig) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/%C9%B8rik%C4%81\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic roots, via Gaulish <strong>*rik\u0101<\/strong> (furrow) and Latin <strong>riga<\/strong> (line, stripe), include <strong>rega<\/strong> (furrow, ladder \/ run [in a stocking]) in Catalan, <strong>raie<\/strong> (stripe, parting, line) in French, <strong>porca<\/strong> (ridge between furrows, balk line) in Italian, <strong>alporquia<\/strong> (layering &#8211; developing a new plant from the branch of a tree) in Portuguese, <strong>porcoi<\/strong> (haystack, hay bale, heap, pile, bunch) in Romanian, and <strong>erreka<\/strong> (river, stream, ravine) in Basque [<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:indo-europ%C3%A9en_commun\/*pr%CC%A5%E1%B8%B1-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE roots include <strong>furrow<\/strong>, <strong>farrow<\/strong> and <strong>pig<\/strong> in English, <strong>Furche<\/strong> (furrow) in German, <strong>f\u00e5ra<\/strong> (furrow, groove) in Swedish,  <strong>porsas<\/strong> (piglet, pork) in Finnish, and <strong>arc<\/strong> [a\u027e\u02e0k] (piglet) in Irish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/per%E1%B8%B1-#Root_2\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Other words for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2021\/11\/03\/ditches-and-trenches\/\">Ditches and Trenches<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2023\/02\/11\/grave-ditches\/\">Grave Ditches<\/a> in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\"\nalt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for furrow, trench and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *\u0278rik\u0101 = furrow *enter\u0278riky\u0101 = furrow Gaulish *rik\u0101\/*ric\u0101 = furrow Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) rech = furrow etrech = furrow Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) etarche, etrige, eitre = furrow, groove, channel Irish (Gaeilge) eitre [\u02c8\u025bt\u02b2\u0259\u027e\u02b2\u0259] = furrow, groove, ridge [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,100,16,101,19,20,44,25,61,21,83,3,36,22,5,37,7,27,8,10,93,11,12,13,120,124,64,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8402","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-basque-euskera","category-breton","category-catalan-catala","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-gaulish","category-german","category-gaeilge-irish","category-italian-italiano","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-portuguese-portugues","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-romanian-limba-romana","category-sanskrit-","category-swedish-svenska","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8402","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8402"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8402\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8410,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8402\/revisions\/8410"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8402"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8402"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8402"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}