{"id":8388,"date":"2024-08-21T15:11:27","date_gmt":"2024-08-21T14:11:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=8388"},"modified":"2024-08-21T15:11:27","modified_gmt":"2024-08-21T14:11:27","slug":"grinding-mills","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2024\/08\/21\/grinding-mills\/","title":{"rendered":"Grinding Mills"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>grind<\/strong>, <strong>crush<\/strong>, <strong>mill<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/histman\/18310327\/in\/photolist-2BR2i-28ew87P-2j1KG15-AMUaSe-8XcEdK-j6pCtf-3G9rpd-91vJH-gGtK5-hGZ3k-WCYzQY-2j1Pyf1-2kTJDKr-2kTK77Y-6stzV9-6rHXGf-2o1sJCB-2j1KCBm-D6aaUc-2o6eWcs-28NXcpG-azhCpZ-oGfZuM-2mkfSRk-26Xatj2-7drvgk-ymaRnx-7encNC-8XfzmQ-XxLVVH-2TWJmg-XxLVHD-bsiEjT-XxLVNi-6rs5GJ-KBQnmZ-6cTDr8-sqK48W-8jeZwc-FZnToE-2mTHkND-ffXtzN-2o1soZa-2mDf4BQ-qiPWsQ-wFBfnu-2nGyNG3-R7PTUu-6s91Fp-5oYzJu\" title=\"Olive press grinding stones\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/12\/18310327_a74bc2dc54_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" alt=\"Olive press grinding stones\"><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*malati<\/strong> = to grind, crush<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>meilid<\/strong> = to crush, grind, sharpen, eat<br>\n<strong>con&middot;meil<\/strong> = to grind together<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>melaid, meilid<\/strong> = to grind, crush, sharpen, use, consume (esp. food)<br>\n<strong>con-meil, coimlid, cuimlid, comlaid<\/strong> = to rub, grind together, attach, consume, destroy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>meil<\/strong> [m&#690;&#603;l&#690;] = to grind, crush<br>\n<strong>meilim<\/strong> = to grind<br>\n<strong>meilt<\/strong> = grinding, crushing, consuming, spending, wasting, incessant talk<br>\n<strong>meilteach<\/strong> = grinding, crushing, consuming<br>\n<strong>meilteoir<\/strong> = grinder, crusher<br>\n<strong>meilteoireacht<\/strong> = (act of) grinding, crushing<br>\n<strong>meiltire<\/strong> = incessant talker, chatterer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>meil<\/strong> [mel&#810;] = (to) grind, mill, pulverize, masticate<br>\n<strong>meileach<\/strong> [mel&#601;x] = grinding, pertaining to or abounding in grinders\/mills; finely ground flour<br>\n<strong>meileadh<\/strong> [m&#603;l&#810;&#690;&#603;vad&#690;] = grinding, milling, pulverizing, masticating<br>\n<strong>meilt<\/strong> [meld&#690;] = grinding<br>\n<strong>meilte<\/strong> [meld&#690;&#601;] = ground, milled, pulverized, masticated<br>\n<strong>meiltear, meileadair<\/strong> [meld&#690;&#601;r \/ mel&#601;d&#618;r&#690;] = grinder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>beihll<\/strong> = to grind, pulverize; pulverization<br>\n<strong>beihlleyder<\/strong> = grinder, pulverizer<br>\n<strong>beihllinder<\/strong> = grinder<br>\n<strong>bleih<\/strong> = grind, grist; duffer, halfling, hobbledehoy, ninny, triffler<br>\n<strong>bleihit<\/strong> = ground<br>\n<strong>bleihder<\/strong> = grinder, molar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*mal&#616;d<\/strong> = to grind, crush<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>malu, m&acirc;lu<\/strong> = to grind, crush, pulverise, break, shatter, smash<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>malu<\/strong> [&#712;ma(&#720;)li] = to grind, crush, pulverise, break, shatter, smash, trample, chop, sharpen, destroy, utter, speak, recite (poetry)<br>\n<strong>malu awyr<\/strong> = to talk idly, talk nonsense, blather (&ldquo;to grind air&rdquo;)<br>\n<strong>malaid<\/strong> = finely ground, ground to a powder<br>\n<strong>malurio<\/strong> = to break into fragments, shatter, smash, grind, crumble, reduce to dust, pulverise<br>\n<strong>malwr<\/strong> [&#712;mal&#650;r \/ &#712;ma(&#720;)l&#650;r] = grinder, mincer, molar, miller; speaker, utterer, babbler, chatterer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>melias<\/strong> = to reduce, power, grind<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mala<\/strong> = to grind<br>\n<strong>maler<\/strong> = grinder<br>\n<strong>melyas<\/strong> = to grind<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>malaff<\/strong> = to grind<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>malaff<\/strong> = to grind<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mala&ntilde;<\/strong> [&#712;m&#593;&#720;l&atilde;] = to grind, cruse, seize<br>\n<strong>malad<\/strong> = ground things<br>\n<strong>maladeg, maladur<\/strong> = grinding<br>\n<strong>maler<\/strong> [&#712;m&#593;&#720;l&#603;r] = miller<br>\n<strong>malerez<\/strong> [ma.le&#720;.res] = grinder, vegetable mill<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*ml&#805;h&#8322;-&eacute;-ti<\/em>, from <em>*melh&#8322;-<\/em> (to crush, grind). Words from the same roots include <strong>maelstrom<\/strong> (a large and violent whirlpool) and <strong>meal<\/strong> (the coarse-ground edible part of various grains often used to feed animals) in English, <strong>moudre<\/strong> (to grind), <strong>meule<\/strong> (grindstone, millstone) and <strong>moulin<\/strong> (mill, windmill) in French, and <strong>moler<\/strong> (to grind, mill), and words for <strong>mill<\/strong> in Celtic languages &ndash; see below [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic\/mal%C9%A8d\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>muilend<\/strong> = mill<br>\n<strong>muile&oacute;ir<\/strong> = miller<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>muilend,  muilund<\/strong> = mill<br>\n<strong>muile&oacute;ir, moille&oacute;ir<\/strong> = miller<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>muileann<\/strong> [&#712;m&#736;&#618;l&#690;&#601;n&#810;&#736;] = mill, grinding apparatus, manufactory<br>\n<strong>muileann uisce<\/strong> = watermill<br>\n<strong>muileann gaoithe<\/strong> = windmill, pinwheel<br>\n<strong>muileann iarainn<\/strong> = ironworks<br>\n<strong>muileann s&aacute;bhad&oacute;ireachta<\/strong> = sawmill<br>\n<strong>muile&oacute;ir<\/strong> = miller, mill owner<br>\n<strong>muile&oacute;ireacht<\/strong> = (act of) milling<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>muileann<\/strong> [mul&#810;&#690;&#601;n&#810;&#736;] = mill<br>\n<strong>muileann-gaoithe<\/strong> = windmill<br>\n<strong>muileann-s&agrave;bhaidh<\/strong> = sawmill<br>\n<strong>muileann-uisge<\/strong> = watermill<br>\n<strong>muilear<\/strong> [mul&#810;&#690;&#601;r] = miller<br>\n<strong>muilearachd<\/strong> [mul&#810;&#690;&#601;r&#601;xg] = milling, grinding<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mwyllin<\/strong> = mill, factory<br>\n<strong>mwyllin geayee<\/strong> = windmill<br>\n<strong>mwyllin saaual<\/strong> = sawmill<br>\n<strong>mwyllin ushtey<\/strong> = watermill<br>\n<strong>mwyllar<\/strong> = miller, mill owner<br>\n<strong>mwyllaragh, mwyllarys<\/strong> = milling<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*mel&#616;n<\/strong> = mill<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>melyn, melin<\/strong> = mill<br>\n<strong>melin wynt<\/strong> = windmill<br>\n<strong>melina<\/strong> = to grind, mill<br>\n<strong>melinyt, melinyd, melinid<\/strong> = miller, grinder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>melin<\/strong> [&#712;m&#603;l&#618;n] = mill, factory<br>\n<strong>melin wynt<\/strong> = windmill<br>\n<strong>melin lif(anu)<\/strong> = sawmill<br>\n<strong>melin dd&#373;r<\/strong> = watermill<br>\n<strong>melina(f), melino<\/strong> = to grind, mill<br>\n<strong>melinwr<\/strong> = miller, mill owner<br>\n<strong>melinydd<\/strong> = miller, grinder, molar<br>\n<strong>melinyddiaeth<\/strong> = the craft of milling<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>melin<\/strong> = mill<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>melin, belin<\/strong> = mill<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>melin, belin<\/strong> = mill<br>\n<strong>melin dhowr<\/strong> = watermill<br>\n<strong>melin wyns<\/strong> = windmill<br>\n<strong>meliner \/ melinores, belender<\/strong> = miller<br>\n<strong>melinji<\/strong> = millhouse<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>molin<\/strong> = mill<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>melin<\/strong> = mill<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>milin, melin<\/strong> [&#712;mi&#720;.l&#297;n] = mill, factory<br>\n<strong>milin-avel<\/strong> [mi.l&#297;.&#712;n&#593;&#720;.v&#603;l] = windmill<br>\n<strong>milin-dour, melin-dour<\/strong> [mil&#297;n&#712;du&#720;r] = watermill<br>\n<strong>milinan, milina&ntilde;<\/strong> = to mill, rotate<br>\n<strong>miliner, meilher<\/strong> = miller<br>\n<strong>milinerezh<\/strong> = milling<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Late Latin <em>molinum<\/em> (a mill), from <em>mol&#299;nus<\/em> (mill), <em>mol&#333;<\/em> (to grin or mill), from Proto-Italic <em>*mel&#333;<\/em> (to grind), from  Proto-Indo-European <em>*m&eacute;lh&#8322;-ti<\/em>, from <em>*melh&#8322;-<\/em> (to grind, crush) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/malati\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &ndash; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D&uacute;il B&eacute;lrai English &ndash; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &ndash; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\" alt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for grind, crush, mill and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *malati = to grind, crush Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) meilid = to crush, grind, sharpen, eat con\u00b7meil = to grind together Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) melaid, meilid = to grind, crush, sharpen, use, consume (esp. food) con-meil, coimlid, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,19,20,44,21,3,36,22,5,6,37,7,27,8,10,40,11,12,13,60,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8388","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-proto-italic","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8388","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8388"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8388\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8391,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8388\/revisions\/8391"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8388"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8388"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8388"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}