{"id":8217,"date":"2024-06-07T14:12:10","date_gmt":"2024-06-07T13:12:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=8217"},"modified":"2025-03-30T20:04:30","modified_gmt":"2025-03-30T19:04:30","slug":"mixed-confused","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2024\/06\/07\/mixed-confused\/","title":{"rendered":"Mixed &#038; Confused"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In this post we&rsquo;re getting <strong>mixed up<\/strong> and <strong>confused<\/strong> about words for <strong>drunk<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/mike-burns\/35538355\/in\/photolist-499jg-9oua5H-7UBaqL-hmCq-54v5Ce-9oSzLe-4u5sH-2adkpGW-288XBWi-5vWMkN-KcA49y-byJ5B4-8NK89-AQJRpC-9udrU1-9D1mqx-5NwsSo-Msypj2-5xknTT-62YzqD-27idy6-5HMsKT-xU6c5-deYkzX-5bA77-gpiuQ-D9wkD-mAUc8-ZCBxzq-49ou7k-5t7uQ3-oJ8vn-5wrME4-4rhmzq-gXwJ2i-edF3Fh-edF4gh-5JLKdu-8R9ZDh-agzpny-FzPyq-499k6-739rMg-mqaRwZ-4KLwBE-4KGfJp-6j53E-6QczHh-qN4wQ-2Qe866\" title=\"Drunk cat 1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/29\/35538355_7af30b59cd_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"365\" alt=\"Drunk cat 1\"><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*miskos<\/strong> = mixture, confusion<br>\n<strong>*miskati<\/strong> = to mix, confuse<br>\n<strong>*kom-miskos<\/strong> = mixture, confusion<br>\n<strong>*kommiskati<\/strong> = ?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mesc<\/strong> [m&#690;esk] = drunk, intoxicated<br>\n<strong>mescae<\/strong> [&#712;m&#690;esk&#600;] = drunkenness, intoxication<br>\n<strong>mescaid<\/strong> = to confuse<br>\n<strong>mesctha<\/strong> = confused, intoxicated<br>\n<strong>con&middot;mesca<\/strong> [kon&#712;m&#690;eska] = to mix together<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mesc(c)<\/strong> = drunk, intoxicated, mixed, confused, muddled, confusion<br>\n<strong>mescae<\/strong> = drunkenness, intoxication, daze, bewilderment, excitment<br>\n<strong>mescaid<\/strong> = to mix, bewilder, confuse, confound<br>\n<strong>mesctha<\/strong> = confused, intoxicated, mixed, variegated<br>\n<strong>con-mesca<\/strong> = to mix together, conmingle, join, unite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>measc<\/strong> [m&#690;as&#736;k] = jumble, confusion, to mix (up), blend, stir<br>\n<strong>meascadh<\/strong> = (ad)mixture, confusion<br>\n<strong>measc&aacute;n<\/strong> = mass, lump, mixture, jumble, muddle<br>\n<strong>meascth&oacute;ir<\/strong> = mixer, stirrer<br>\n<strong>meisce<\/strong> [&#712;m&#690;&#603;&#643;c&#618; \/ &#712;m&#690;&#618;&#643;c&#618;] = drunkenness, intoxication, daze, bewilderment<br>\n<strong>ar meisce<\/strong> = drunk, intoxicated<br>\n<strong>meisceoir<\/strong> = drunkard<br>\n<strong>meisceoireacht<\/strong> = drunkenness, inebriety<br>\n<strong>meisci&uacute;il<\/strong> = intoxicating, drunken, addicted to drinking<br>\n<strong>cumaisc<\/strong> = to mix together, blend, combine, compound, cohabit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>measg<\/strong> [mesg] = mix, stir, mingle<br>\n<strong>am measg<\/strong> [&#601; mesg] = amongst, among<br>\n<strong>measgach<\/strong> [mesg&#601;x] = sociable, gregarious, promiscuous<br>\n<strong>measgachadh<\/strong> [mesg&#601;x&#601;&#611;] = mixing, mixure, combining<br>\n<strong>measgadair<\/strong> = mixer<br>\n<strong>measgadh<\/strong> [mesg&#601;&#611;] = mixing, stirring, mingling, mixture<br>\n<strong>misg<\/strong> [mi&#643;g&#690;] = drunkenness, inebriation, insobriety<br>\n<strong>air misg<\/strong> = drunk<br>\n<strong>misgeach<\/strong> [mi&#643;g&#690;&#601;x] = heady, drunk, intoxicated<br>\n<strong>misgear<\/strong> [mi&#643;g&#690;&#601;r] = drunkard, tippler<br>\n<strong>coimeasg<\/strong> [k&#596;im&#601;sg] = combine, merge, blend, mix<br>\n<strong>coimeasgadh<\/strong> [k&#596;m&#601;sg&#601;&#611;] = combining, combination, merging, merger, blending<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mastey<\/strong> = amid(st), among(st), mingled, within, mixture<br>\n<strong>mestey<\/strong> = compound, mixture, jumble; to confuse, mix, mingle, mash, shuffle, stir<br>\n<strong>mestey-vestey<\/strong> =  concoction, melee, mix up<br>\n<strong>meshtey<\/strong> [&#712;me&#643;t&#601;] = inebriety<br>\n<strong>er meshtey<\/strong> = drunk, inebriated, intoxicated<br>\n<strong>meshtallagh<\/strong> = drunk(ard), boozer, inebriate<br>\n<strong>meshtallaght<\/strong> = promiscuity, drunkenness<br>\n<strong>meshtallys, meshtelllys, meshtyrys<\/strong> = drunkenness, inebriation, intoxication<br>\n<strong>covestey<\/strong> = to mix, mingle, merge<br>\n<strong>covestit<\/strong> = mixed, mingled, blended<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*m&#616;sk<\/strong> = amid, amidst<br>\n<strong>*m&#616;skad<\/strong> [m&#616;&#712;s&#721;ka&#720;d] = to blend, mix, confuse<br>\n<strong>*k&#616;m-m&#616;sk<\/strong> = mixed, confused (?)<br>\n<strong>*kumm&#616;skad<\/strong> = to mingle, confuse, mix<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mysc<\/strong> = mixing, mixture, confusion, mixed, confused<br>\n<strong>mysci, mysgi<\/strong> = turmoil, tumult<br>\n<strong>cymysc, kymysc, kymmysc, kymysg<\/strong> = mixed, mingled, blended, compound, mixture<br>\n<strong>cymyscu, kemescu, kymysgu, kymyscu<\/strong> = to mix, mixed, blend, compound<br>\n<strong>cymysced, cymmyscedd<\/strong> = mixture, compound, jumble<br>\n<strong>ymysg, ym mysc<\/strong> = among, between<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mysg<\/strong> [m&#616;&#720;sk \/ m&#618;sk] = mixing, mixture, confusion, mixed, confused, midst<br>\n<strong>mysgaf, mysgu<\/strong> = to undo, untie, unpick, unravel, disentangle, loosen, mix, mingle, jumble<br>\n<strong>mysgi<\/strong> = turmoil, tumult<br>\n<strong>cymysg<\/strong> [&#712;k&#688;&#601;m&#616;&#798;sk \/ &#712;k&#688;&#601;m&#618;sk] = mixed, mingled, blended, compound, mixture<br>\n<strong>cymysgaf, cymysg(u)<\/strong> = to mix, mixed, blend, compound<br>\n<strong>ymysg<\/strong> = among, between, in the midst of<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>commisc<\/strong> = mixed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mysc, m&#375;sk<\/strong> = midst, middle<br>\n<strong>cemescys, kemeskis, kemeskys<\/strong> = mixture<br>\n<strong>cemyscy, kemyskys, cymyscys, kemyskis<\/strong> = to mingle, mix<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mysk, mesk<\/strong> = midst<br>\n<strong>myska, meska<\/strong> = to blend, involve, mingle<br>\n<strong>myskas, myskii<\/strong> = mongrel<br>\n<strong>kemmysk<\/strong> = mix<br>\n<strong>kemyska<\/strong> = to mix, jumble, mingle<br>\n<strong>kemyskans<\/strong> = mixture<br>\n<strong>kemyskedh<\/strong> = hybrid<br>\n<strong>kemyskell<\/strong> = mixer (machine)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mesc<\/strong> = mixture, chaos, disorder<br>\n<strong>mescaff, meskaff<\/strong> = to mix, blend, stir<br>\n<strong>quemesq<\/strong> [m&#603;(z)w] = mixed, complex, confusion<br>\n<strong>quemesq(a)<\/strong> = to mix, merge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mesk<\/strong> [mesk] = mixture, chaos, disorder<br>\n<strong>meskaj<\/strong> [&#712;mes.ka&#643;] = mixure<br>\n<strong>meska&ntilde;<\/strong> [&#712;mesk&atilde;] = to mix, blend, stir<br>\n<strong>meskata<\/strong> [&#712;meskat:a] = mixer<br>\n<strong>kemmesk<\/strong> [m&#603;(z)w] = mixed, complex, confusion<br>\n<strong>kemmeskad<\/strong> = composite<br>\n<strong>kemmeska&ntilde;<\/strong> = to mix, merge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from PIE <em>*mi&#7729;s&#7729;&eacute;ti<\/em> (to mix), from <em>*mey&#7729;-<\/em> (to mix) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/miskos\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<p>Words from the same roots include <strong>mash<\/strong>, <strong>meddle<\/strong>, <strong>medley<\/strong>, <strong>melee<\/strong>, <strong>miscellaneous<\/strong>, <strong>mix<\/strong> and <strong>promiscuous<\/strong> in English, <strong>m&ecirc;ler<\/strong> (to mix, meddle in, get mixed up in, shuffle) in French, <strong>mischen<\/strong> (to mix, shuffle) in German, and <strong>miesi&#263;<\/strong> (to knead) in Polish [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2024\/06\/04\/honey-wine\/\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>For words for <strong>drunk<\/strong> and related things in Brythonic languages, see the Celtiadur post <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2024\/06\/04\/honey-wine\/\">Honey Wine<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &ndash; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D&uacute;il B&eacute;lrai English &ndash; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &ndash; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\" alt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this post we&#8217;re getting mixed up and confused about words for drunk and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *miskos = mixture, confusion *miskati = to mix, confuse *kom-miskos = mixture, confusion *kommiskati = ? Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) mesc [m\u02b2esk] = drunk, intoxicated mescae [\u02c8m\u02b2esk\u0258] = drunkenness, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,19,20,44,61,21,3,22,5,6,37,7,27,9,10,105,11,12,13,23,135,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-german","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-polish-polski","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-tools","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8217","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8217"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8217\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8735,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8217\/revisions\/8735"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8217"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8217"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}