{"id":8178,"date":"2024-05-17T16:52:09","date_gmt":"2024-05-17T15:52:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=8178"},"modified":"2024-05-18T20:53:47","modified_gmt":"2024-05-18T19:53:47","slug":"glens-and-valleys","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2024\/05\/17\/glens-and-valleys\/","title":{"rendered":"Glens and Valleys"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Here are some words for <strong>valley<\/strong>, <strong>glen<\/strong> and related things that are found in some or all of the Celtic languages, and related words in other languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/36266724@N06\/4039968342\/in\/photolist-79ZTQA-7KRwSr-EKBC7-KPEnew-SAmjvb-3e2zDf-C4uJyb-2j169nE-opGgXa-2eqsnw7-G4PyNH-gszSY7-2fs3P1D-24PcKjX-r2Kp6e-bonBea-jNBCWa-pqvxME-2gztiyZ-gszrXz-XijjC6-EKBC5-4ce4Ec-Nhe3GF-jNBK4a-a1D1gn-bC7qZB-5hsRUh-dpaC4M-5LNr7S-2fs3Pg8-7vpnDi-2iEUZKW-6cbXqe-7vvnay-qC2srZ-avi77i-b36wN6-gsA4Ux-avhH98-6k6dek-6Wjgfh-8zAQAj-2j13pUQ-nMoj1a-fJ1K2o-2g34RKH-2g34MFz-2fqLx1R-2gztnVj\" title=\"Strath Croe\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/2721\/4039968342_e15b1c370b_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"428\" alt=\"Strath Croe\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><br \/>\n<em>Strath Croe<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*stratos<\/strong> = valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>srath<\/strong> = grassland, swarth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>srath, sreth, sraith<\/strong> = grass, sward, valley, bottom, meadow or grassy place near a river, fine, tax<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>srath<\/strong> [s\u02e0\u027e\u02e0a(h)] = river valley, low-lying land along a river<br \/>\n<strong>srathach<\/strong> = bottom, low-lying, marshy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>srath<\/strong> [sdrah] = strath, wide valley, vale<br \/>\n<strong>srathach<\/strong> = pertaining to or abounding in straths \/ wide valleys<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>strah<\/strong> = level valley, plain, strath, flatness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*strad<\/strong> = valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ystrad, istrad, ystrat<\/strong> = (floor of a) valley, vale, plain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ystrad<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0259sdrad] = (floor of a) valley, vale, plain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>str\u00e6t<\/strong> = flat valley, low lying land, lowland<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec<\/th>\n<td><strong>strat<\/strong> = flat valley, low lying land, lowland<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>stras<\/strong> = flat valley, low lying land, lowland<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>strat<\/strong> = bottom, low ground<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>strat<\/strong> = bottom, low ground<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>stad<\/strong> [str\u0251\u02d0t] = bottom, low ground<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: the Proto-Indo-European <em>*str\u0325h\u2083t\u00f3s<\/em> (stretched, spread), from  <em>*sterh\u2083-<\/em> (to spread, extend, stretch out [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/stratos\">Source<\/a>]. Words from the same roots  include <strong>sternum<\/strong>, <strong>strategy<\/strong>, <strong>stratus<\/strong>, <strong>stray<\/strong>, <strong>street<\/strong> (a type of cloud) and <strong>stratosphere<\/strong> in English, <strong>estrato<\/strong> (layer, stratum, stratus [cloud]) in Spanish, and <strong>sarnu<\/strong> (to trample, tread, ruin) in Welsh [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/sterh%E2%82%83-\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/33401156775\/in\/album-72157679660528410\/\" title=\"Cwm Idwal\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/3798\/33401156775_2094a79ee2_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" alt=\"Cwm Idwal\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><br \/>\n<em>Cwm Idwal<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kumb\u0101<\/strong> = valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Transalpine Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>*cumba<\/strong> = valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kumba<\/strong> = valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>com<\/strong> [k\u028cm\u02e0] = coomb, cirque, mountain recess<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*komm<\/strong> = valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cum, cwm(m), kwm<\/strong> = a deep narrow valley, dale, dingle<br \/>\n<strong>kwm(m)an<\/strong> = hump, stoop, hunchback, rump<br \/>\n<strong>kwmarch, cwmaearch<\/strong> = ravine, dingle, little valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cwm<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0259sdrad] = a deep narrow valley, coom, glen, dale; hollow, bowl-shaped depression<br \/>\n<strong>cwmach<\/strong> = a stoop<br \/>\n<strong>cwman<\/strong> = hump, stoop, hunchback, rump<br \/>\n<strong>cwmanu<\/strong> = to stoop, hunch<br \/>\n<strong>cwmanllyd, cwmanog<\/strong> = hunchbacked, crooked, bent<br \/>\n<strong>cwmarch<\/strong> = ravine, dingle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec<\/th>\n<td><strong>cum<\/strong> = a valley opening downwards, from a narrow point, a dingle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>komm<\/strong> = cirque, corrie, cwm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>comm<\/strong> = combe, small valley, (water) trough, river-bed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>komm<\/strong> [\u02c8k\u0254\u0303m\u02d0] = combe, small valley, (water) trough, river-bed<br \/>\n<strong>komman, komma\u00f1<\/strong> = to form hollows<br \/>\n<strong>kommek<\/strong> = forming hollows<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*kumb\u02b0os \/ *kumb\u02b0\u00e9h\u2082<\/em>, either from PIE <em>*kew-<\/em> (bend) or a from non-Indo-European substrate [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/kumb%C4%81\">Source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<p>Words from the same roots  include <strong>cwm<\/strong>, <strong>combe<\/strong> (a valley or hollow, often wooded and with no river; a cirque) in English, <strong>combe<\/strong> (combe) in French, and <strong>coma<\/strong> (combe, cwm, cirque; an alpine meadow situated between two peaks) in Catalan [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/cumba#Latin\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>A <strong>dingle<\/strong> is a small, narrow or enclosed, usually wooded valley [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/dingle#English\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/25981448932\/in\/photolist-ENCH4L-FzTHA5-FJ5af6-FJ5cwR-FJ5Htz-WnxpTf-WnxqAN-Wnxr9b-X3hN5G-Xot1jJ-Xot2EE-XrcdSc-XzeiMW-26nkHks-2gZ5oML-2oqJPCX-2oqKWVV\" title=\"Glenfinnan \/ Gleann Fhionnain\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/1604\/25981448932_9bc8f58db5_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" alt=\"Glenfinnan \/ Gleann Fhionnain\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><br \/>\n<em>Glenfinnan \/ Gleann Fhionnain<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*glendos<\/strong> = valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>glenn<\/strong> [\u0261\u02b2l\u02b2en\u0348] = valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>glenn<\/strong> = valley, hollow, depression<br \/>\n<strong>glennach<\/strong> = having vales or hollows, curly (hair)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gleann<\/strong> [\u025fl\u02b2\u0251un\u032a\u02e0(h) \/ \u025fl\u02b2\u0251\u02d0n\u032a\u02e0 \/ \u025fl\u02b2an\u032a\u02e0] = glen, hollow<br \/>\n<strong>gleann<\/strong> = abounding in glens, hollow-backed, wavy (hair)<br \/>\n<strong>gleannt\u00e1n<\/strong> = small glen, dell, dale<br \/>\n<strong>gleannt\u00f3ir<\/strong> = glensman, dalesman<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gleann<\/strong> [glaun\u032a\u02e0] = glen, valley<br \/>\n<strong>gleannach<\/strong> [glan\u032a\u02e0\u0259x] = having or related to glens, steep sided<br \/>\n<strong>gleannan<\/strong> [glan\u032a\u02e0an] = small glen \/ valley<br \/>\n<strong>gleann crochte<\/strong> = hanging valley<br \/>\n<strong>gleann sgoraidh<\/strong> = rift valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>glion(e)<\/strong> [\u0261l\u02b2\u0254\u1d48n] = valley, glen, vale, creek<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*gl\u0268nn<\/strong> [\u0261l\u0268n\u02d0] = glen, dale, valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>glynn, glyn<\/strong> = glen, dingle, dale, dell (wooded) valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>glyn<\/strong> [\u0261l\u0268\u031en \/ \u0261l\u026an] = glen, dingle, dale, dell (wooded) valley, gloom, distressing experience<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec<\/th>\n<td><strong>glen, glyn<\/strong> = valley (through which a river flows), a woody valley, dale<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>glynn, glydn<\/strong> = deep wooded valley, glen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>glenn, glen<\/strong> = earth, country<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>glen<\/strong> = bottom, low ground<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: the Proto-Indo-European <em>*glendos<\/em> (shore). Words from the same root include <strong>klit<\/strong> (dune) in Danish, <strong>klettur<\/strong> (rock, crag, cliff) in Icelandic, and <strong>cleit<\/strong> (rocky outcrop, cliff, reef) in Scottish Gaelic [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/glendos\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The Irish word <strong>ailt<\/strong> refers to a  steep-sided glen, ravine, height or cliff. There are cognate words in other Celtic languages, such as <strong>allt<\/strong> (hill, slope, cliff) in Welsh [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2021\/03\/26\/hillsides\/\">More details<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/2530851878\/in\/album-72157605301087973\/\" title=\"Nant Gwrtheyrn\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/2250\/2530851878_a31e3568a4_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" alt=\"Nant Gwrtheyrn\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><br \/>\n<em>Nant Gwrtheyrn<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*nantos \/ nantus<\/strong> = stream, valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>nanto, nantu<\/strong> = valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*nant<\/strong> [nant] = stream, river, valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nant<\/strong> = river, stream, brook<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nant<\/strong> [nant] = river, stream, brook, rivulet; torrent, ditch, valley, glen, dale; ravine, gorge<br \/>\n<strong>nentig, nennig<\/strong> = small stream<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec<\/th>\n<td><strong>nans<\/strong> = valley, dale, ravine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nans<\/strong> [nans \/ n\u00e6nz] = dale, vale, valley<br \/>\n<strong>krognans<\/strong> = hanging valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nant<\/strong> = valley with watercourses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nant, ant<\/strong> = valley with watercourses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nant<\/strong> [n\u00e3nt] = valley with watercourses (<em>found in place names &#8211; archaic<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from Proto-Celtic <em>*nemetom<\/em> (sacred place, sanctuary), from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*nem-<\/em> (to give, take, distribute) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Nanterre#French\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<p>The Francoproven\u00e7al word <strong>nant<\/strong> (stream) comes from the same Proto-Celtic roots  [<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/nant#Francoproven%C3%A7al\">source<\/a>], as does the French place name <strong>Nanterre<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/nantos\">source<\/a>], the Irish word <strong>neimheadh<\/strong> (sanctuary, privilege of rank, holy thing), and the Breton word <strong>neved \/ ne\u00f1ved<\/strong> (sanctuary) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/neimheadh#Irish\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>More details of words for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2019\/05\/05\/streams-and-currents\/\">Streams and Currents<\/a> in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh (Kembraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>t(o)nou<\/strong> = valley, vale, hollow, dale<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tnou, tonou, tyno, tino<\/strong> = valley, vale, hollow, dale<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tyno<\/strong> = valley, vale, hollow, dale, plain, green<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tnow<\/strong> = dale, valley-bottom<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tenou, tnou<\/strong> = bottom, lower part, valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tnou<\/strong> [tr\u00e3w] = bottom, lower part, valley<br \/>\n<strong>trauyen<\/strong> = valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>trao\u00f1, traou<\/strong> [tr\u00e3w] = bottom, lower part, valley (<em>found in place names<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>trao\u00f1ienn<\/strong> [\u02c8tr\u00e3w.j\u025bn] = valley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: unknown [<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/trao%C3%B1\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Another Welsh word for valley is <strong>dyffryn<\/strong> [\u02c8d\u0259fr\u0268\u031en \/ \u02c8d\u0259fr\u026an], which comes from <strong>dwfr<\/strong> (water) and <strong>hynt<\/strong> (course, way). There are no cognates in other Celtic languages, as far as I can discover [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/dyffryn\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\"\nalt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Here are some words for valley, glen and related things that are found in some or all of the Celtic languages, and related words in other languages. Strath Croe Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *stratos = valley Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) srath = grassland, swarth Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) srath, sreth, sraith = grass, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,101,26,19,20,44,65,21,3,22,5,6,37,7,27,8,9,10,40,11,12,13,23,82,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-catalan-catala","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-icelandic-islenska","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8178"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8178\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8181,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8178\/revisions\/8181"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}