{"id":7751,"date":"2023-12-02T15:27:06","date_gmt":"2023-12-02T15:27:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=7751"},"modified":"2023-12-02T15:27:06","modified_gmt":"2023-12-02T15:27:06","slug":"weak-and-feeble","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2023\/12\/02\/weak-and-feeble\/","title":{"rendered":"Weak and Feeble"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>weak<\/strong>, <strong>feeble<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/brookenovak\/304605541\/in\/photolist-sVbBF-eCzEV-M5guCN-sDVdVo-2T7e4-2kz9Mnw-2obmkua-2ohoqYW-bfsEtx-2mELfKa-8obPhL-9dcfTg-246yFMD-2c1FbA1-nkKy4-2jP5FJT-GgSNwM-qmjwDm-73LUHb-2oEsb4n-cK1BXJ-2nLNMcr-8SrVTT-6spkNU-2jDYiLv-eBeirV-5RfSgC-2kvr7ye-2k1oEwF-91v8Xa-2jE182q-RBBgwd-2jPgNkd-9egoK5-2o6S9Jo-5q7CaT-2n4ioo2-2nAWBrZ-5PfnHe-2mYLaHu-5fWHsk-2npoKgy-2mfDHeP-x8WFJX-2mNHX3V-2mSByQn-2mwDpVL-8oJfxG-2nLRKDe-2gTie3b\" title=\"WEAK\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/114\/304605541_22c019298d_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"367\" alt=\"WEAK\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*lubros<\/strong> = weak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lobur<\/strong> = weak, sick, infirm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lobar, lobur, lobor<\/strong> = weak, infirm, sick, afflicted<br \/>\n<strong>lobrae<\/strong> = weakness, infirmity, sickness<br \/>\n<strong>lobr\u00e1n<\/strong> = weakling, weak person, afflicted person<br \/>\n<strong>loburda<\/strong> = sickly, ailing<br \/>\n<strong>loibr\u00edne<\/strong> = weak little one<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lobhar<\/strong> [t\u02b2as\u02e0\/t\u02b2\u00e6s\u02e0] = leper, (<em>literary<\/em>) weak, ailing person, afflicted person<br \/>\n<strong>lobhra<\/strong> = leprosy, (<em>literary<\/em>) weakness, infirmity, affliction<br \/>\n<strong>lobhrach<\/strong>  =  leprous, (<em>literary<\/em>) weak, ailing, afflicted<br \/>\n<strong>lobhr\u00e1n<\/strong>  =  leper, (<em>literary<\/em>) weakling, afflicted person<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lobhar<\/strong> [l\u032a\u02e0o.\u0259r]  = leper, disgusting wretch<br \/>\n<strong>lobhar-leigheas<\/strong> = antiseptic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lourane<\/strong> = heat, warmth<br \/>\n<strong> louraanagh, louranagh, louraneagh<\/strong> = leprous<br \/>\n<strong> loihrey, lourey; louraanys, louraneys<\/strong> = leprosy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*llu\u03b2r<\/strong> = (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>llwfyr, llwrf, llwfr<\/strong> = cowardly, craven, timid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>llwfr<\/strong> = cowardly, craven, timid, faint-hearted, unadventurous, apathetic, shy, mean, idle, lazy, improvident; damp; coward<br \/>\n<strong>llwfrgalon, llyfrgalon<\/strong> = timid, faint-hearted<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brrezhonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>loffr, lofr<\/strong> =  leper, leprous, oaf<br \/>\n<strong>lovradur<\/strong> = leprosy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lovr<\/strong> = leper, oaf<br \/>\n<strong>lovrezh<\/strong> = leprosy<br \/>\n<strong>lovra\u00f1<\/strong> = to contract\/give leprosy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*lupr\u00f3s<\/em> and <em>*lewp-<\/em> (to peel, strip) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/lubros\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*wannos<\/strong> = weak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fann<\/strong> = helpless, weak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fann<\/strong> = weak, helpless, soft, pliant<br \/>\n<strong>fannach<\/strong> = weak, weakling<br \/>\n<strong>fannaid<\/strong> = weakens, grows weak<br \/>\n<strong>fanntaise<\/strong> = a swoon, faintness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fann<\/strong> [fan\u02e0] = faint, weak, languid<br \/>\n<strong>fannaigh<\/strong> = to weaken, enfeeble, grow weak<br \/>\n<strong>fann\u00e1n<\/strong>  = gentle breeze<br \/>\n<strong>fanntais<\/strong>  = faaint, swoon, fainting-fit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fann<\/strong> [f\u00e3\u0169n\u032a\u02e0]  = weak, feeble, faint, helpless, delicate<br \/>\n<strong>fannachadh<\/strong> [fan\u032a\u02e0\u0259x\u0259\u0263] = becoming\/making weak, fainting<br \/>\n<strong>fannachd<\/strong> [fan\u032a\u02e0\u0259xg] = weakness, state of being off\/spoilt (food)<br \/>\n<strong>fanntas<\/strong> [f\u00e3\u0169n\u032a\u02e0d\u0259s] = weakness, faintness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>guan, gvann, gwan(n)<\/strong> = weak, feeble<br \/>\n<strong>guander, gvander, gwan(n)der<\/strong> = weakness, feebleness, debility<br \/>\n<strong>guanhau, gwanhau<\/strong> = to grow weak, weaken, languish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwan<\/strong> [\u0261wan] =weak, feeble, languid, faint, mild, gentle, lenient, sad, depressing, gloomy, unlucky, foolish, simple, credulous, timid<br \/>\n<strong>gwander<\/strong> = weakness, feebleness, debility<br \/>\n<strong>gwanedu<\/strong> = to dilute<br \/>\n<strong>gwanedig<\/strong> = enfeebled, enervated, faint<br \/>\n<strong>gwanhad<\/strong> = weakening, enfeeblement, enervation<br \/>\n<strong>gwanhau<\/strong> = to grow weak, weaken, languish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>guan<\/strong> = weak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>guan, gwan<\/strong> = weak, feeble, infirm, poor<br \/>\n<strong>gwander<\/strong> = weakness, infirmity, debility<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwann, gwadn<\/strong> = faint, frail, weak<br \/>\n<strong>gwanna, gwadna<\/strong> = to weaken<br \/>\n<strong>gwannhe, gwadnhe<\/strong> = to weaken<br \/>\n<strong>gwannliwek, gwadnliwek<\/strong> = pale<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>guoaean<\/strong> = weak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezhonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>guan, goan, goann<\/strong> = weak<br \/>\n<strong>goanaff, goano<\/strong> = to weaken<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwan<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0261w\u00e3\u02d0n] = weak, intransitive<br \/>\n<strong>gwanaat<\/strong> [\u0261w\u00e3\u02c8n\u0251\u02d0t] = to weaken<br \/>\n<strong>gwanadenn, gwanded, gwander<\/strong> = weakness<br \/>\n<strong>gwanadur<\/strong> = weakening, dimming<br \/>\n<strong>gwanaj<\/strong> = weak<br \/>\n<strong>gwanded<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0261w\u00e3n.det] = weakness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2081weh\u2082-sn<\/em> (to disappear, vanish), <em>*h\u2081weh\u2082-<\/em> (to leave, abandon, give out). English words from the same PIE root include <strong>vacant<\/strong>, <strong>vacuum<\/strong>, <strong>vain<\/strong>, <strong>void<\/strong>, <strong>wane<\/strong>, <strong>want<\/strong> and <strong>waste<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/te%C9%B8nets\">source<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\/mode\/2up\">Lexicon Cornu-britannicum: A Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for weak, feeble and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *lubros = weak Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) lobur = weak, sick, infirm Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) lobar, lobur, lobor = weak, infirm, sick, afflicted lobrae = weakness, infirmity, sickness lobr\u00e1n = weakling, weak person, afflicted person loburda = sickly, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,19,20,21,3,22,5,6,37,7,27,8,9,10,13,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7751","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7751","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7751"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7751\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7752,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7751\/revisions\/7752"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7751"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7751"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7751"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}