{"id":7723,"date":"2023-11-24T14:49:53","date_gmt":"2023-11-24T14:49:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=7723"},"modified":"2023-11-24T14:49:54","modified_gmt":"2023-11-24T14:49:54","slug":"flowing-slowly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2023\/11\/24\/flowing-slowly\/","title":{"rendered":"Flowing Slowly"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>slow<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/henryalien\/2830722126\/in\/photolist-4pKcwR-31d2D5-Moqb9-cJwkAm-cJwn6y-5j9c4U-MoqrS-74mUeq-8SW9vK-5FUurD-aiBMqa-5fjwS3-ioAdP-AqH2t-2eLWJCY-6z4F9u-x2Fwe-Cnp1X-6SLP7m-ag4PQF-5GfDsi-MoASX-MoqaS-Moqbd-f6pt7E-MoqrW-f6acKc-MoqrC-vEVW-5GfDtg-26Twb-f6acyk-Moqry-2ooXvwL-uNUTpm-3N46wB-eidF7M-ahgt4w-eidEZV-AeMjQ-2nHnz8g-2hwPxzQ-2nHnz6T-2nHnz6C-f6acvk-Moqs9-NTGJ5-eyRuat-ahdF26-f6psYd\" title=\"sloth\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/3131\/2830722126_614fd705bb_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" alt=\"sloth\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*malnos\/*mallo-<\/strong> = slow, lazy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mall<\/strong> [mal\u0348] = slow, tardy, late<br \/>\n<strong>utmall<\/strong> = unsteady, restless<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mall<\/strong> = slow, sluggish<br \/>\n<strong>mallaigid<\/strong> = to make slow, retard<br \/>\n<strong>maill, moill<\/strong> = tardiness, delay<br \/>\n<strong>maillech<\/strong> = slowly-moving, leisurely, gentle<br \/>\n<strong>admall<\/strong> = very slow, dilatory<br \/>\n<strong>immall<\/strong> = very slow, wearisome, sad, sluggish<br \/>\n<strong>utmall<\/strong> = unstable, fickle, restless<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mall<\/strong> [m\u02e0\u0251ul\u032a\u02e0\/m\u02e0\u0251\u02d0l\u032a\u02e0\/m\u02e0al\u032a\u02e0] = slow, late<br \/>\n<strong>mallachar<\/strong> = slowness, dullness, dimness<br \/>\n<strong>mallacharach<\/strong> = slow, dim<br \/>\n<strong>mallaibh<\/strong> = of late, lately<br \/>\n<strong>udhmhall<\/strong> = unstable, restless, unceratin, nimble, quick<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mall<\/strong> [maul\u032a\u02e0] = slow, deliberate, placid<br \/>\n<strong>mallan<\/strong> [mal\u032a\u02e0an] = sluggard, slowcoach<br \/>\n<strong>mallanach<\/strong> [mal\u032a\u02e0an\u0259x] = slow, dilatory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>moal<\/strong> = slow, sorry, tardy, unimpressive, backward, deliberate, dull, feeble, gradual, meagre<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from PIE <em>*mel-<\/em> (to be late, hesitate) and *-n\u00f3s (creates verbal adjectives) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/mall#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>slaet<\/strong> = heap, layer, pile<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>slaet<\/strong> = a swathe, layer, pile, illness, disease<br \/>\n<strong>slaetach, slaebach<\/strong> = in layers, sweeping (hair)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>slaod<\/strong> = swath, layer, flowing mass, prostration, stupefication, float, raft; to mow down, lay low, flow, drag, trail, trudge<br \/>\n<strong>slaodach<\/strong> = in swaths, in layers, flowing, prostrating, heavy, oppressive, viscous<br \/>\n<strong>slaodacht<\/strong> = viscosity<br \/>\n<strong>slaoda\u00ed<\/strong> = trudger, slowcoach, lazy-bones<br \/>\n<strong>slaoda\u00edocht<\/strong> = trudging, slowness, laziness<br \/>\n<strong>slaodchiallach<\/strong> = slow-witted<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>slaod<\/strong> [sl\u032a\u02e0\u026f\u02d0d] = raft, float, sledge, tow, drag, sluggard, slowcoach<br \/>\n<strong>slaodach<\/strong> [sl\u032a\u02e0\u026f\u02d0d\u0259x] = slow, sluggish, dilatory, dragging, pulling, awkward, clumsy<br \/>\n<strong>slaodachadh<\/strong> [sl\u032a\u02e0\u026f\u02d0d\u0259x\u0259\u0263] = dragging, hauling, slowing down<br \/>\n<strong>slaodachd<\/strong> [sl\u032a\u02e0\u026f\u02d0d\u0259xg] = slowness, drowsiness, awkwardness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sleayd<\/strong> = dredge, trail, sledge, trailer<br \/>\n<strong>sleaydagh<\/strong> = trailing<br \/>\n<strong>sleayder<\/strong> = lug, trailing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: unknown [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/slaodach#Scottish_Gaelic\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*aramo-<\/strong> = quiet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>araf, arav<\/strong> [\u02c8arav] = slow, leisurely, calm, quiet<br \/>\n<strong>arafu<\/strong> = to be(come) or make slow, slow down<br \/>\n<strong>arafaidd, arauaidd<\/strong> = slow, gradual, mild, gentle<br \/>\n<strong>arafhau<\/strong> = to make or become quiet or calm,<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>araf<\/strong> [\u02c8arav] =  slow, gradual, tedious, tiresome, mild, meek, gentle, tender<br \/>\n<strong>arafu<\/strong> = to be(come) or make slow, slow down, retard<br \/>\n<strong>arafaidd<\/strong> = slow, gradual, mild, gentle, lovely, pleasant<br \/>\n<strong>arafedd<\/strong> = slowness, gentleness, tenderness<br \/>\n<strong>arafhau<\/strong> = to make or become quiet or calm, ease, abate, moderate<br \/>\n<strong>arafol<\/strong> = slow, gradual, slowing, delaying<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from PIE <em>*h\u2081r\u0325h\u2083-mo-<\/em>, from <em>*h\u2081reh\u2083-<\/em> (rest). Words from the same roots include <strong>Ruhe<\/strong> (calm, quietness, rest) in German, <strong>ro<\/strong> (calmness) in Danish, <strong>ro<\/strong> (peace, quiet, tranquility) in Swedish, and <strong>unruly<\/strong> in English [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/araf#Middle_Welsh\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*seg\u0289r<\/strong> = idle<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>segur<\/strong> = idle<br \/>\n<strong>segyra, segura, seguru, segvro<\/strong> = to (be) idle<br \/>\n<strong>segyrllyt, segurllyd<\/strong> = idle, lazy, sluggish, slothful<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>segur<\/strong> [\u02c8s\u025b\u0261\u0268\u031er \/ \u02c8se\u02d0\u0261\u026ar] = idle, unoccupied, inactive, lazy, slothful, disused, idle<br \/>\n<strong>seguro<\/strong> = to (be) idle, laze, linger, lounge around, rest<br \/>\n<strong>segurdod<\/strong> = idleness, laziness<br \/>\n<strong>segurllyd<\/strong> = idle, lazy, sluggish, slothful<br \/>\n<strong>segurwr<\/strong> = idler, lazy person<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sigyr, zigyr<\/strong> = sluggish, lazy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>syger<\/strong> = idle, lazy, lethargic, slow<br \/>\n<strong>sygera<\/strong> = to seep, trickle<br \/>\n<strong>sygerans<\/strong> = seep(age)<br \/>\n<strong>sygerneth<\/strong> = idleness, laziness, lethargy<br \/>\n<strong>sygerus<\/strong> = at leisure, leisurely<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Latin <em>s\u0113c\u016brus<\/em> (careless, carefree, negligent, safe, secure), from <em>s\u0113-<\/em> (without) and\u200e <em>c\u016bra<\/em> (care). Words from the same root include <strong>secure<\/strong> and <strong>sure<\/strong> in English, <strong>sicuru<\/strong> (safe, secure, sure) in Italian, <strong>seguro<\/strong> (secure, safe, sure) in Spanish and <strong>s\u00e4ker<\/strong> (safe, secure, sure, certain) in Swedish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/securus#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*u\u0278ostatos<\/strong> = stable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fossad<\/strong> = firm, steady<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fossad, fossud<\/strong> = stationary, fixed, firm, steady, steadfast, consistent, flat surface, level place, stopping-place, abode<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fosadh<\/strong> = stop, stay, rest, stable position, steadiness, stability<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fosadh<\/strong> [f\u0254s\u0259\u0263] = cessation, desisting, recess, respite, (act of) abiding<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*gwostad <\/strong> = (?)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwastat, guastat<\/strong> = flat, level, smooth<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwastad<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0261wastad] = flat, level, smooth, even, horizontal, continual, constant, quiet, peaceful, gentle, plain, level<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwastas<\/strong> = flat, open, plain, smooth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>goustat, goustadic, goustadec, goustadic<\/strong> = gently, slowly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gou(e)stad<\/strong> = slow, slowly<br \/>\n<strong>doustadik<\/strong> = slow, slowly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: unknown [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/gwastad\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Another word for slow in Cornish is <strong>lent<\/strong>, and <strong>lenthe<\/strong> means to slow down. This is possibly from (Old) French <strong>lent<\/strong> (slow), or from Latin <strong>lentus<\/strong> (sticky, slow, flexible). <\/p>\n<p>In Middle Cornish the word <strong>hel<\/strong> means slow or tardy, and  <strong>cosel\/kozal<\/strong> means soft, quiet, slow or sluggish, which became <strong>kosel<\/strong> (calm, quiet, restful, still, tranquil) in revived Cornish.<\/p>\n<p>Another Proto-Celtic word for slow is <strong>*dw\u0101yo-<\/strong>. This became <strong>do\u00e9 \/ doe<\/strong> (slow, sluggish) in Old Irish and Middle Irish, but has no descendents I can find in the modern Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\/mode\/2up\">Lexicon Cornu-britannicum: A Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for slow and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *malnos\/*mallo- = slow, lazy Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) mall [mal\u0348] = slow, tardy, late utmall = unsteady, restless Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) mall = slow, sluggish mallaigid = to make slow, retard maill, moill = tardiness, delay maillech = slowly-moving, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,63,19,20,61,21,3,22,5,6,37,7,27,10,11,12,13,23,82,64,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-danish-dansk","category-english","category-etymology","category-german","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-swedish-svenska","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7723","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7723"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7723\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7727,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7723\/revisions\/7727"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7723"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7723"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7723"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}