{"id":7610,"date":"2023-10-06T20:59:29","date_gmt":"2023-10-06T19:59:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=7610"},"modified":"2023-10-06T20:59:29","modified_gmt":"2023-10-06T19:59:29","slug":"rewarding-gifts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2023\/10\/06\/rewarding-gifts\/","title":{"rendered":"Rewarding Gifts"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>prize<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/welshgovernment\/32199917533\/in\/photolist-R4oZDX-ZWDHKS-YUHkZS-ZUFdN5-ZUFhg7-SJi2pC-YUGrsC-2btJmAV-T5gEhS-SirP4T-CThY5Y-ZUFc4U-2bLobxW-N3UB85-2a6T7AN-2a6T6EQ-P7hzEi-2cN3DHf-2a6T7NG-2a6T5Z1-2a6T75h-QJFvkY-2btJxV8-QJFjfG-P7hxBk-S5mzoc-P1LMNV-NyaQQN-2a6T1vG-P7hv56-2cN3E83-2a6T6UY-QJFtLA-2a6T1S3-2bLoghf-2a6SZBY-2cSpMQF-QJFs7d-2btJwa4-2cLSMVd-ZWDjHQ-2btJw3k-P1LRrX-2btJo56-QJFhuN-2bsygrH-2btJodH-T7N4rz-QJFrem-CThich\" title=\"Teilyngwyr Gwobrau Dewi Sant 2017 St David Award Finalists\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/555\/32199917533_6875461e34_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" alt=\"Teilyngwyr Gwobrau Dewi Sant 2017 St David Award Finalists\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*u\u0278o-k\u02b7rinati<\/strong> = reward (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fochraic<\/strong> [\u02c8foxri\u0261\u02b2] = reward, recompense<br \/>\n<strong>ter\u1e1fochraic, terfhochraic<\/strong> = buying, payment, reward<br \/>\n<strong>crenaid<\/strong> = to buy, sell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhleag)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fochraic, fochricc<\/strong> = reward, recompense, payment, fee, hire, rent, compensation<br \/>\n<strong>fochrach<\/strong> = a hireling, mercenary<br \/>\n<strong>fochricnet<\/strong> = a little reward<br \/>\n<strong>ter\u1e1fochraic, terochraic, turfhochraic<\/strong> = reward, recompense, price, payment, present or payment made by a bridegroom to a bride or her relations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fochraig<\/strong> = reward, stipend, fee<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwobr, gwobyr<\/strong> = reward, prize<br \/>\n<strong>gwobr-w\u0177r<\/strong> = rewarder, giver or taker of bribes, briber<br \/>\n<strong>gober, gobruy, gobrwy, gobyr<\/strong> = reward, payment, fee,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwobr\/gwobrwy<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0261w\u0254br] =reward, prize, desert, recompense, benefit, gift, tip, fee, hire, bribe<br \/>\n<strong>gwobrwy<\/strong> = fee, fine<br \/>\n<strong>gwobraf, gwobri, gwobru, gwobro<\/strong> = to reward, recompense, compensate, bribe, corrupt<br \/>\n<strong>gwobrwr<\/strong> = rewarder, giver or taker of bribes, briber<br \/>\n<strong>gwobrwyad<\/strong> = a rewarding, remuneration, bribery<br \/>\n<strong>gwobrwyaf, gwobrwyo<\/strong> = to award a prize, reward, recompense, acknowledge<br \/>\n<strong>gobr\/gobrwy<\/strong> = reward, payment, fee, wages, recompense, gift, merit, desert, bribe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gober, gobar, gobyr<\/strong> = recompense, reward, fee, wagews, stipend, hire<br \/>\n<strong>goberna<\/strong> = to hire<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gober<\/strong> = earnings, income, pay, remuneration, reward, salary, wage<br \/>\n<strong>gober dilavur\/diweythieth<\/strong> = unemployment benefit<br \/>\n<strong>gober ispoyntel<\/strong> = minimum wage<br \/>\n<strong>gober kleves<\/strong> = sick pay<br \/>\n<strong>gober omdednans<\/strong> = pension<br \/>\n<strong>gobra<\/strong> = to remunerate, reward<br \/>\n<strong>gobrena<\/strong> = to rent<br \/>\n<strong>gobrener, gorenores<\/strong> = tenant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gopr, gobr<\/strong> = wage, salary<br \/>\n<strong>gopra<\/strong> = to bet, wager<br \/>\n<strong>gopraer, gopra\u00ebr<\/strong> = mercenary, tenant, lodger<br \/>\n<strong>gopraff, g\u00f4bret<\/strong> = to put on payroll, give a salary, remunerate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gopr<\/strong> = salary, wages, pay, fee<br \/>\n<strong>gopra<\/strong> = to bet, wager, pay, hire<br \/>\n<strong>goprad<\/strong> = salary<br \/>\n<strong>gopradenn<\/strong> = recompense<br \/>\n<strong>gopra\u00f1<\/strong> = to put on payroll, give a salary, remunerate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Celtic from <em>*u\u0278o<\/em> (under) and <em>*k\u02b7rin\u0101ti<\/em> (to buy) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/gobr\">source<\/a>]. Some words for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/09\/22\/buying-and-purchasing\/\">to buy<\/a> in Celtic languages come from the Proto-Celtic root <em>*k\u02b7rin\u0101ti<\/em> (to buy)<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*d\u0101nus \/ *d\u0101nus<\/strong> = gift<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>Danomaros<\/strong> = <em>personal name<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>d\u00e1n<\/strong> [da\u02d0n] = art, gift, poem, skill<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhleag)<\/th>\n<td><strong>d\u00e1n<\/strong> = gift, bestowal, endowment, present, skill, poem, song, verse, rhyme<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>d\u00e1n<\/strong> [d\u032a\u02e0\u0251\u0303\u02d0n\u032a\u02e0\/d\u032a\u02e0a\u02d0n\u032a\u02e0] = gift, offering, craft, calling, art, faculty, art of poetry, poem, lot, fate<br \/>\n<strong>d\u00e1naigh<\/strong> = to give, bestow<br \/>\n<strong>d\u00e1nlann<\/strong> = art gallery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>d\u00e0n<\/strong> [da\u02d0n] = poem, song, work, effort<br \/>\n<strong>d\u00e0n-m\u00f2r<\/strong> = epic poem<br \/>\n<strong>d\u00e0n-molaidh<\/strong> = eulogy<br \/>\n<strong>d\u00e0n-liriceach<\/strong> = lyric<br \/>\n<strong>d\u00e0n-fhacal<\/strong> = epigram<br \/>\n<strong>d\u00e0nach<\/strong> = poetic, metric<br \/>\n<strong>d\u00e0nachd<\/strong> = poetry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>daan<\/strong> = poem<br \/>\n<strong>daan mooar<\/strong> = epic<br \/>\n<strong>daan moyllee<\/strong> = hymn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*d\u1ecdn<\/strong> = gift, blessing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>daun, davn, dawn<\/strong> = gift, talent<br \/>\n<strong>dawnget, dawnged<\/strong> = gift, benefit, favour<br \/>\n<strong>dawngoeth, down-goeth<\/strong> = finely gifted or endowed<br \/>\n<strong>dawnha<\/strong> = to endow with a gift or benefit, to bless<br \/>\n<strong>donnwy, donyer, donya<\/strong> = to endow, bless, give, present<br \/>\n<strong>donyauc, donyawc, doniog<\/strong> = gifted, endowed, talented<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dawn<\/strong> [dau\u032fn] = faculty, intellectual gift, talent, genius, humour, wit, grace, benefit, blessing, favour, reward, present, donation<br \/>\n<strong>dawnaf, dawno<\/strong> = to fare, get on<br \/>\n<strong>dawnaidd<\/strong> = gifted, endowed with or showing ability<br \/>\n<strong>dawnedigaeth<\/strong> = gift, a giving or conferring, endowment, grace<br \/>\n<strong>dawnged<\/strong> = gift, benefit, favour<br \/>\n<strong>dawngoeth<\/strong> = finely gifted or endowed<br \/>\n<strong>dawnhaf, dawnhau<\/strong> = to endow with a gift or benefit, to bless<br \/>\n<strong>doniaf, donio<\/strong> = to endow, bless, give, present<br \/>\n<strong>doniog<\/strong> = gifted, endowed, talented, bountiful, liberal, fortunate, advantageous<br \/>\n<strong>doniol<\/strong> = gifted, talented, endowed, eloquent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>donaison, donaeson, donaezon<\/strong> = gift, talent, donation<br \/>\n<strong>donaesonaff<\/strong> = to donate<br \/>\n<strong>donaesonner, donaesoner<\/strong> = donor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>donezon<\/strong> = gift, talent, donation<br \/>\n<strong>donezoner<\/strong> = donor<br \/>\n<strong>donezoni\u00f1<\/strong> = to donate, present, reward, gratify<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>:  from Proto-Indo-European <em>*d\u00e9h\u2083nom<\/em> (gift), from <em>*deh\u2083-<\/em> (to give) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/d%C3%A9h%E2%82%83nom\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE roots include <strong>date<\/strong>, <strong>donate<\/strong>, <strong>dose<\/strong> and <strong>vend<\/strong> in English, <strong>don<\/strong> (gift, talent, knack) in French, <strong>dom<\/strong> (talent) in Portuguese, and <strong>don<\/strong> (gift, present, talent, knack) in Spanish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/d%C3%A9h%E2%82%83nom\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>d\u00faas<\/strong> = reward, gift<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhleag)<\/th>\n<td><strong>d\u00faas, d\u00fa\u00e1is, duais<\/strong> = gift, reward (esp. a recompense give to poets)<br \/>\n<strong>d\u00faasach<\/strong> = reward- or gift-bestowing, munificent, gift-bestower, rewarder<br \/>\n<strong>d\u00faasad<\/strong> = act of benefiting, rewarding<br \/>\n<strong>frithd\u00faas<\/strong> = a counter-reward, the payment made to the receiter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>duais<\/strong> = gift, reward, prize, stake, prize, prize-winning<br \/>\n<strong>duaisbhanna<\/strong> = prize-bond<br \/>\n<strong>duaiseach<\/strong> = bountiful, generous<br \/>\n<strong>duaiseoir<\/strong> = prizewinner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>duais<\/strong> [du\u0259\u0283] = prize, bonus, reward, purse (in sports)<br \/>\n<strong>duais-bhrathaidh<\/strong> = bribe (reward for betrayal)<br \/>\n<strong>duais-roinn<\/strong> = dividend<br \/>\n<strong>duais-earrainn<\/strong> = dividend<br \/>\n<strong>duais-airgid<\/strong> = (monetary) prize<br \/>\n<strong>duais-barrachd<\/strong> = premium<br \/>\n<strong>duaiseachadh<\/strong> [du\u0259\u0283\u0259x\u0259\u0263] = awarding, gratifying, gratification<br \/>\n<strong>duaismhor<\/strong> du\u0259\u0283(v)\u0259r] = liberal, bountiful<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from Proto-Indo-European  <em>*deh\u2083-<\/em> (to give)  [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/deh%E2%82%83-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited-728x90.gif\" width=\"728\" height=\"90\" border=\"0\"\nalt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\/mode\/2up\">Lexicon Cornu-britannicum: A Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for prize and related things in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *u\u0278o-k\u02b7rinati = reward (?) Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) fochraic [\u02c8foxri\u0261\u02b2] = reward, recompense ter\u1e1fochraic, terfhochraic = buying, payment, reward crenaid = to buy, sell Middle Irish (Gaoidhleag) fochraic, fochricc = reward, recompense, payment, fee, hire, rent, compensation fochrach = a hireling, mercenary fochricnet = a little [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,19,20,44,25,21,3,22,5,6,37,7,27,10,93,11,12,13,23,82,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-portuguese-portugues","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7610","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7610"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7610\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7612,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7610\/revisions\/7612"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7610"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7610"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7610"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}