{"id":7590,"date":"2023-09-29T19:12:57","date_gmt":"2023-09-29T18:12:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=7590"},"modified":"2023-09-29T19:12:57","modified_gmt":"2023-09-29T18:12:57","slug":"impeccable-peccadillos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2023\/09\/29\/impeccable-peccadillos\/","title":{"rendered":"Impeccable Peccadillos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>sin<\/strong>, <strong>fault<\/strong>, <strong>crime<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/srahn\/38689156064\/in\/photolist-21WQ3bU-om2W7-3JSfkm-76dezx-iX6omd-aguydu-aZZcbe-rHgFw-hTGh-5oBgT4-REZdy5-c87Eiw-6feSpu-3X8ppr-6WtWFW-bvgEuH-sXwu9A-2YQ32K-P8d6y-aKs5jZ-ngwBAR-73ekX-DA9kq-GeHjN9-9kGXP6-b6deu8-5x5FZ4-aXkvxX-4swd21-4WUD7V-96Tdyx-2inbt2G-2icYvVj-8y8Upk-djANJZ-33gmvu-5jEWKT-8L2tKc-7LL9zV-9ENsLc-oS4a4-4ELf4g-capZhf-pS4ex-rBeQ5Z-4b7LEW-4LzSWD-2i3Lgb3-5BEyMp-2eB2niA\" title=\"Somebody looks guilty.\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/4688\/38689156064_a4bf306350_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" alt=\"Somebody looks guilty.\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kariy\u0101<\/strong> = mistake, sin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>caire<\/strong> [\u02c8kar\u02b2e] = crime, fault, sin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhleag)<\/th>\n<td><strong>caire, cair, coire<\/strong> = crime, fault, sin<br \/>\n<strong>cairech<\/strong> = criminal, guilty, sinful<br \/>\n<strong>cairigid<\/strong> = rebukes, accuses, blames<br \/>\n<strong>cairthech<\/strong> = criminal, guilty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>coir<\/strong> [k\u025b\u027e\u02b2\/k\u026a\u027e\u02b2] = crime, offence; fault, transgression<br \/>\n<strong>coireach<\/strong> = offender, transgressor; wicked, sinful, guilty<br \/>\n<strong>coireacht<\/strong> = wickedness, guiltiness<br \/>\n<strong>coiri\u00fa<\/strong> = censure<br \/>\n<strong>coireola\u00ed<\/strong> = criminologist<br \/>\n<strong>coiritheoir<\/strong> = accuser, incriminator<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>coire<\/strong> [k\u0254r\u02b2\u0259] = blame, fault, offence, wrong<br \/>\n<strong>coireach<\/strong> [k\u0264r\u02b2\u0259x] = culprit; guilty, to blame, faulty, responsible<br \/>\n<strong>coireachd<\/strong> [k\u0254r\u02b2\u0259xg] = culpability<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kare\u00f0<\/strong> [ka\u02c8r\u025b\u02d0\u00f0] = mistake, sin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh<\/th>\n<td><strong>cared<\/strong> =  transgression, sin, crime<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cared, karet<\/strong> = transgression, sin, crime<br \/>\n<strong>karedus<\/strong> = sinful, evil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>caredd<\/strong> [\u02c8kar\u025b\u00f0] = transgression, sin, crime, lust, love<br \/>\n<strong>careddus<\/strong> = sinful, evil<br \/>\n<strong>careddwr<\/strong> = accuser, evil-doer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cara<\/strong> = to correct, chastise<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>carez, gar\u00e9<\/strong> = blame, reprimand<br \/>\n<strong>carez<\/strong> = to blame, accuse<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>karez<\/strong> = blame, incrimination<br \/>\n<strong>karezi\u00f1<\/strong> = to blame, accuse<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European <em>*kh\u2082er-<\/em> (blame, abuse). Words from the same PIE root include <em>c\u0101rin\u014d<\/em> (I revile, blame, insult) in Latin, <strong>\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong> [k\u0250\u02c8r\u02b2it\u02b2] (to reproach, upbraid) in Russian, and <strong>\u043a\u043e\u0440\u044f<\/strong> [ko\u02c8r\u02b2\u0264\u031f] (to accuse, blame) in Bulgarian [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/kariy%C4%81\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>peccad<\/strong> = sin<br \/>\n<strong>pecthaigid<\/strong> = to sin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhleag)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pec(c)ad<\/strong> = sin<br \/>\n<strong>pecthach<\/strong> = sinful, committing sin, sinner<br \/>\n<strong>pecthaigid, pec(c)aigid<\/strong> = sins. commits sin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>peaca<\/strong> [\u02c8p\u02b2ak\u0259\/\u02c8p\u02b2aku] = sin<br \/>\n<strong>peacadh<\/strong> = offender, transgressor; wicked, sinful, guilty<br \/>\n<strong>peacach<\/strong> = sinner, sinful<br \/>\n<strong>peacaigh<\/strong> = to sin<br \/>\n<strong>peac\u00fail<\/strong> = sinful<br \/>\n<strong>peac\u00falacht<\/strong> = sinfulness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>peaca<\/strong> [p\u025bxg\u0259] = sin<br \/>\n<strong>peacadh, peacachadh<\/strong> [p\u025bxg\u0259x\u0259\u0263] = sinning, sin, transgressing<br \/>\n<strong>peacail<\/strong> [p\u025bxgal] = sinful<br \/>\n<strong>peacach<\/strong> [p\u025bxg\u0259x] = sinner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>peccah<\/strong> = human being, sinner, sin, wickedness<br \/>\n<strong>peccagh<\/strong> = human, person, transgressor, sinner<br \/>\n<strong>peccoil<\/strong> = erring, sinful, unregenerate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*pex\u1ecdd<\/strong> [pe\u02c8x\u0254\u02d0d] = sin<br \/>\n<strong>*pexad\u0289r<\/strong> = sinner<br \/>\n<strong>*pexad<\/strong> [pe\u02c8x\u0254\u02d0d] = to sin, offend<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pechawt<\/strong> = sin<br \/>\n<strong>pechadur<\/strong> = sinner<br \/>\n<strong>pechu<\/strong> =to sin, offend<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pechod<\/strong> [\u02c8p\u025b\u03c7\u0254d\/\u02c8pe\u02d0\u03c7\u0254d] = sin<br \/>\n<strong>pechadur<\/strong> [p\u025b\u02c8\u03c7ad\u0268\u031er\/p\u025b\u02c8\u03c7a\u02d0d\u026ar] = sinner, offender<br \/>\n<strong>pechu<\/strong> [\u02c8p\u025b\u03c7\u0268\/\u02c8pe\u02d0\u03c7i] =to sin, offend<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pech, p\u00each, pechad, pechas<\/strong> = sin, offence, transgression<br \/>\n<strong>pecha, pech\u00e9<\/strong> = to sin, transgress, offend<br \/>\n<strong>pechadur, pechadures<\/strong> = sinner, transgressor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pegh<\/strong> = guilt, sin<br \/>\n<strong>pegha<\/strong> = to sin, offend<br \/>\n<strong>peghador, peghadores<\/strong> = sinner<br \/>\n<strong>peghes<\/strong> = sin<br \/>\n<strong>peghus<\/strong> = sinful<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pechet<\/strong> = blame<br \/>\n<strong>pechiff<\/strong> =to sin, offend<br \/>\n<strong>pechezr<\/strong> = sinner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pec\u2019hed<\/strong> = sin<br \/>\n<strong>pec&#8217;hi\u00f1<\/strong> = to sin, offend<br \/>\n<strong>pec&#8217;her<\/strong> = sinner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Etymology: from Latin <em>pecc\u0101tum<\/em> (sin), from <em>pecc\u014d<\/em> (I sin, offend), from Proto-Italic <em>*petk\u0101\u014d<\/em> (I sin), from Proto-Indo-European verbal root <em>*ped-<\/em> (\u201cto walk, fall, stumble\u201d) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic\/pex%E1%BB%8Dd\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same roots include <strong>peccadillo<\/strong>, <strong>impeccable<\/strong>, <strong>foot<\/strong>, <strong>pedal<\/strong>, <strong>pedestrian<\/strong>, and <strong>pew<\/strong> in English, <strong>p\u00e9cher<\/strong> (to sin) in French, <strong>pecar<\/strong> (to sin) in Spanish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/ped-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited-728x90.gif\" width=\"728\" height=\"90\" border=\"0\"\nalt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\/mode\/2up\">Lexicon Cornu-britannicum: A Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for sin, fault, crime and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *kariy\u0101 = mistake, sin Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) caire [\u02c8kar\u02b2e] = crime, fault, sin Middle Irish (Gaoidhleag) caire, cair, coire = crime, fault, sin cairech = criminal, guilty, sinful cairigid = rebukes, accuses, blames cairthech = criminal, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,132,26,19,20,44,3,36,22,5,6,37,7,27,10,40,11,12,13,106,82,43,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-bulgarian-","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-russian-","category-spanish-espanol","category-verbs","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7590","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7590"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7590\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7593,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7590\/revisions\/7593"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7590"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}