{"id":7590,"date":"2023-09-29T19:12:57","date_gmt":"2023-09-29T18:12:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=7590"},"modified":"2023-09-29T19:12:57","modified_gmt":"2023-09-29T18:12:57","slug":"impeccable-peccadillos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2023\/09\/29\/impeccable-peccadillos\/","title":{"rendered":"Impeccable Peccadillos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>sin<\/strong>, <strong>fault<\/strong>, <strong>crime<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/srahn\/38689156064\/in\/photolist-21WQ3bU-om2W7-3JSfkm-76dezx-iX6omd-aguydu-aZZcbe-rHgFw-hTGh-5oBgT4-REZdy5-c87Eiw-6feSpu-3X8ppr-6WtWFW-bvgEuH-sXwu9A-2YQ32K-P8d6y-aKs5jZ-ngwBAR-73ekX-DA9kq-GeHjN9-9kGXP6-b6deu8-5x5FZ4-aXkvxX-4swd21-4WUD7V-96Tdyx-2inbt2G-2icYvVj-8y8Upk-djANJZ-33gmvu-5jEWKT-8L2tKc-7LL9zV-9ENsLc-oS4a4-4ELf4g-capZhf-pS4ex-rBeQ5Z-4b7LEW-4LzSWD-2i3Lgb3-5BEyMp-2eB2niA\" title=\"Somebody looks guilty.\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/4688\/38689156064_a4bf306350_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" alt=\"Somebody looks guilty.\"><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kariy&#257;<\/strong> = mistake, sin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>caire<\/strong> [&#712;kar&#690;e] = crime, fault, sin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhleag)<\/th>\n<td><strong>caire, cair, coire<\/strong> = crime, fault, sin<br>\n<strong>cairech<\/strong> = criminal, guilty, sinful<br>\n<strong>cairigid<\/strong> = rebukes, accuses, blames<br>\n<strong>cairthech<\/strong> = criminal, guilty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>coir<\/strong> [k&#603;&#638;&#690;\/k&#618;&#638;&#690;] = crime, offence; fault, transgression<br>\n<strong>coireach<\/strong> = offender, transgressor; wicked, sinful, guilty<br>\n<strong>coireacht<\/strong> = wickedness, guiltiness<br>\n<strong>coiri&uacute;<\/strong> = censure<br>\n<strong>coireola&iacute;<\/strong> = criminologist<br>\n<strong>coiritheoir<\/strong> = accuser, incriminator<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>coire<\/strong> [k&#596;r&#690;&#601;] = blame, fault, offence, wrong<br>\n<strong>coireach<\/strong> [k&#612;r&#690;&#601;x] = culprit; guilty, to blame, faulty, responsible<br>\n<strong>coireachd<\/strong> [k&#596;r&#690;&#601;xg] = culpability<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kare&eth;<\/strong> [ka&#712;r&#603;&#720;&eth;] = mistake, sin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh<\/th>\n<td><strong>cared<\/strong> =  transgression, sin, crime<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cared, karet<\/strong> = transgression, sin, crime<br>\n<strong>karedus<\/strong> = sinful, evil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>caredd<\/strong> [&#712;kar&#603;&eth;] = transgression, sin, crime, lust, love<br>\n<strong>careddus<\/strong> = sinful, evil<br>\n<strong>careddwr<\/strong> = accuser, evil-doer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cara<\/strong> = to correct, chastise<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>carez, gar&eacute;<\/strong> = blame, reprimand<br>\n<strong>carez<\/strong> = to blame, accuse<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>karez<\/strong> = blame, incrimination<br>\n<strong>karezi&ntilde;<\/strong> = to blame, accuse<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European <em>*kh&#8322;er-<\/em> (blame, abuse). Words from the same PIE root include <em>c&#257;rin&#333;<\/em> (I revile, blame, insult) in Latin, <strong>&#1082;&#1086;&#1088;&#1080;&#1090;&#1100;<\/strong> [k&#592;&#712;r&#690;it&#690;] (to reproach, upbraid) in Russian, and <strong>&#1082;&#1086;&#1088;&#1103;<\/strong> [ko&#712;r&#690;&#612;&#799;] (to accuse, blame) in Bulgarian [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/kariy%C4%81\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>peccad<\/strong> = sin<br>\n<strong>pecthaigid<\/strong> = to sin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhleag)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pec(c)ad<\/strong> = sin<br>\n<strong>pecthach<\/strong> = sinful, committing sin, sinner<br>\n<strong>pecthaigid, pec(c)aigid<\/strong> = sins. commits sin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>peaca<\/strong> [&#712;p&#690;ak&#601;\/&#712;p&#690;aku] = sin<br>\n<strong>peacadh<\/strong> = offender, transgressor; wicked, sinful, guilty<br>\n<strong>peacach<\/strong> = sinner, sinful<br>\n<strong>peacaigh<\/strong> = to sin<br>\n<strong>peac&uacute;il<\/strong> = sinful<br>\n<strong>peac&uacute;lacht<\/strong> = sinfulness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>peaca<\/strong> [p&#603;xg&#601;] = sin<br>\n<strong>peacadh, peacachadh<\/strong> [p&#603;xg&#601;x&#601;&#611;] = sinning, sin, transgressing<br>\n<strong>peacail<\/strong> [p&#603;xgal] = sinful<br>\n<strong>peacach<\/strong> [p&#603;xg&#601;x] = sinner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>peccah<\/strong> = human being, sinner, sin, wickedness<br>\n<strong>peccagh<\/strong> = human, person, transgressor, sinner<br>\n<strong>peccoil<\/strong> = erring, sinful, unregenerate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*pex&#7885;d<\/strong> [pe&#712;x&#596;&#720;d] = sin<br>\n<strong>*pexad&#649;r<\/strong> = sinner<br>\n<strong>*pexad<\/strong> [pe&#712;x&#596;&#720;d] = to sin, offend<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pechawt<\/strong> = sin<br>\n<strong>pechadur<\/strong> = sinner<br>\n<strong>pechu<\/strong> =to sin, offend<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pechod<\/strong> [&#712;p&#603;&chi;&#596;d\/&#712;pe&#720;&chi;&#596;d] = sin<br>\n<strong>pechadur<\/strong> [p&#603;&#712;&chi;ad&#616;&#798;r\/p&#603;&#712;&chi;a&#720;d&#618;r] = sinner, offender<br>\n<strong>pechu<\/strong> [&#712;p&#603;&chi;&#616;\/&#712;pe&#720;&chi;i] =to sin, offend<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pech, p&ecirc;ch, pechad, pechas<\/strong> = sin, offence, transgression<br>\n<strong>pecha, pech&eacute;<\/strong> = to sin, transgress, offend<br>\n<strong>pechadur, pechadures<\/strong> = sinner, transgressor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pegh<\/strong> = guilt, sin<br>\n<strong>pegha<\/strong> = to sin, offend<br>\n<strong>peghador, peghadores<\/strong> = sinner<br>\n<strong>peghes<\/strong> = sin<br>\n<strong>peghus<\/strong> = sinful<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pechet<\/strong> = blame<br>\n<strong>pechiff<\/strong> =to sin, offend<br>\n<strong>pechezr<\/strong> = sinner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pec&rsquo;hed<\/strong> = sin<br>\n<strong>pec&rsquo;hi&ntilde;<\/strong> = to sin, offend<br>\n<strong>pec&rsquo;her<\/strong> = sinner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Etymology: from Latin <em>pecc&#257;tum<\/em> (sin), from <em>pecc&#333;<\/em> (I sin, offend), from Proto-Italic <em>*petk&#257;&#333;<\/em> (I sin), from Proto-Indo-European verbal root <em>*ped-<\/em> (&ldquo;to walk, fall, stumble&rdquo;) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic\/pex%E1%BB%8Dd\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same roots include <strong>peccadillo<\/strong>, <strong>impeccable<\/strong>, <strong>foot<\/strong>, <strong>pedal<\/strong>, <strong>pedestrian<\/strong>, and <strong>pew<\/strong> in English, <strong>p&eacute;cher<\/strong> (to sin) in French, <strong>pecar<\/strong> (to sin) in Spanish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/ped-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited-728x90.gif\" width=\"728\" height=\"90\" border=\"0\" alt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &ndash; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D&uacute;il B&eacute;lrai English &ndash; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\/mode\/2up\">Lexicon Cornu-britannicum: A Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &ndash; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for sin, fault, crime and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *kariy\u0101 = mistake, sin Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) caire [\u02c8kar\u02b2e] = crime, fault, sin Middle Irish (Gaoidhleag) caire, cair, coire = crime, fault, sin cairech = criminal, guilty, sinful cairigid = rebukes, accuses, blames cairthech = criminal, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,132,26,19,20,44,3,36,22,5,6,37,7,27,10,40,11,12,13,106,82,43,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-bulgarian-","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-russian-","category-spanish-espanol","category-verbs","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7590","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7590"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7590\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7593,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7590\/revisions\/7593"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7590"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}