{"id":7516,"date":"2023-08-31T14:31:11","date_gmt":"2023-08-31T13:31:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=7516"},"modified":"2025-07-20T18:07:36","modified_gmt":"2025-07-20T17:07:36","slug":"boats-and-ships","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2023\/08\/31\/boats-and-ships\/","title":{"rendered":"Boats and Ships"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>boat<\/strong>, <strong>ship<\/strong> and related vessels in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/35731357922\/in\/album-72157683287280214\/\" title=\"Douglas \/ Doolish\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/4291\/35731357922_cbf3658c8c_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" alt=\"Douglas \/ Doolish\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*long\u0101<\/strong> = boat, vessel<br \/>\n<strong>*longest\u0101<\/strong> = fleet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>long<\/strong> [l\u0348o\u014b\u0261] = boat, ship<br \/>\n<strong>loinges<\/strong> = ships, fleet, expedition, exile<br \/>\n<strong>longfort<\/strong> = camp, encampment, stronghold<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>long, longa<\/strong> = boat, ship, vessel, long-ship, galley; vessel, container; house; bed<br \/>\n<strong>loinges<\/strong> = fleet, ships, shipping, naval expedition, invasion by sea, banishment, exile, band of sea-rovers, invaders<br \/>\n<strong>loingsech<\/strong> = exile, banished man, wanderer, sea-rover, pirate<br \/>\n<strong>loingse\u00f3ir<\/strong> = seaman, pilot<br \/>\n<strong>longphort, lonngport<\/strong> = camp, encampment, temporary stronghold, mansion, princely dwelling; stronghold, fortress<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>long<\/strong> [l\u032a\u02e0\u0254\u014b] = ship, vessel, container, house<br \/>\n<strong>longbh\u00e1<\/strong> = shipwreck<br \/>\n<strong>longbhac<\/strong> = embargo (on ships), naval blockade<br \/>\n<strong>longbhoth<\/strong> = (navel) dock<br \/>\n<strong>longbhriste<\/strong> = shipwrecked<br \/>\n<strong>longche\u00e1rta, longchl\u00f3s<\/strong> = shipyard<br \/>\n<strong>longfort<\/strong> = camp, stronghold, fortified residence<br \/>\n<strong>longlann<\/strong> = dockyard<br \/>\n<strong>longmhar<\/strong> = abounding in ships<br \/>\n<strong>longtheach<\/strong> = boat-house<br \/>\n<strong>longth\u00f3g\u00e1il<\/strong> = shipbuilding<br \/>\n<strong>loingeas<\/strong> [\u02c8l\u032a\u02e0\u026a\u0272(\u025f)\u0259s\u02e0] = ships, shipping, fleet, naval expedition, (band of) sea-rovers, banishment, exile<br \/>\n<strong>loingseach<\/strong> = mariner, seaman, sea-rover, pirate, exile, wanderer; abounding in ships<br \/>\n<strong>loingseoir<\/strong> = mariner, seaman, navigator<br \/>\n<strong>loingseoireacht<\/strong> = seamanship, (skill in) navigation, (act of) seafaring, voyaging<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>long<\/strong> [l\u032a\u02e0\u0254u\u014bg] = ship<br \/>\n<strong>longas<\/strong> = shipping, shipment<br \/>\n<strong>longart<\/strong> = seaport<br \/>\n<strong>long-adhair<\/strong> = airship<br \/>\n<strong>long-bhriste<\/strong> = shipwreck<br \/>\n<strong>long-chasgadh<\/strong> = embargo<br \/>\n<strong>long-fhada<\/strong> = galley (ship)<br \/>\n<strong>long-fh\u00e0nais<\/strong> = spaceship<br \/>\n<strong>long-lann<\/strong> = dockyard<br \/>\n<strong>long-phort<\/strong> = seaport<br \/>\n<strong>long-thogail<\/strong> = shipbuilding<br \/>\n<strong>loingeas<\/strong> [l\u032a\u02e0\u0254i\u014b\u02b2g\u02b2\u0259s] = shipping, fleet, ships<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lhong<\/strong> [lo\u014b] = ship, vessel<br \/>\n<strong>lhong aer<\/strong> = airship<br \/>\n<strong>lhong-chaardee<\/strong> = boatyard, shipyard<br \/>\n<strong>lhong chrowal<\/strong> = hovercraft<br \/>\n<strong>lhong liauyr<\/strong> = longship<br \/>\n<strong>lhong-phurt<\/strong> = basin, seaport<br \/>\n<strong>lhong spoar<\/strong> = spaceship<br \/>\n<strong>lhong spooillee<\/strong> = pirate ship<br \/>\n<strong>lhuingys<\/strong> = fleet, shipping<br \/>\n<strong>lhuingyssagh<\/strong> = naval, navigable<br \/>\n<strong>lhuingysser<\/strong> = navigator<br \/>\n<strong>lhuingysseyraght<\/strong> = navigation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*llong<\/strong> = ship, vessel<br \/>\n<strong>*llunges<\/strong> = fleet (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>loggou, log, llogeu, llong<\/strong> = ship, boat<br \/>\n<strong>llongi<\/strong> = to embark, ship<br \/>\n<strong>llongeidiev, llongaid<\/strong> = shipload, shipful, shipment, cargo<br \/>\n<strong>llog porth, llogborth, llong-borth<\/strong> = seaport, haven, harbour<br \/>\n<strong>long-dorr<\/strong> = shipwreck<br \/>\n<strong>longhawl, llonghavl. llongawl<\/strong> = nautical, maritime, naval<br \/>\n<strong>llong\u1efcyr, llongwr<\/strong> = seaman, sailor, mariner<br \/>\n<strong>llyghes, llynghes, llynges<\/strong> = navy, squadron, convoy, fleet<br \/>\n<strong>llynghesan<\/strong> = flotilla, small fleet or navy<br \/>\n<strong>llyghessawc, llyghessavc, llyngesawg<\/strong> = naval, seafarer, leader of a fleet, admiral<br \/>\n<strong>llyghesswr<\/strong> = seaman, sailor, seafarer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>llong<\/strong> [\u026c\u0254\u014b] =  ship, boat; the Great Bear (<em>Ursa Major<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>llongaf, llongi<\/strong> = to embark, ship<br \/>\n<strong>llongaid<\/strong> = shipload, shipful, shipment, cargo<br \/>\n<strong>llongborth<\/strong> = seaport, harbour, dock, quay<br \/>\n<strong>llongdor<\/strong> = shipwreck<br \/>\n<strong>llongol<\/strong> = nautical, maritime, naval<br \/>\n<strong>llongwr<\/strong> = seaman, sailor, mariner<br \/>\n<strong>llong awyr<\/strong> = airship, aeroplane<br \/>\n<strong>llong y diffeithwch, llong dir<\/strong> = ship of the desert, camel<br \/>\n<strong>llong ofod<\/strong> = spaceship, spacecraft<br \/>\n<strong>llong hofran<\/strong> = hovercraft<br \/>\n<strong>llong danfor(ol)<\/strong> = submarine<br \/>\n<strong>llynges<\/strong> = navy, squadron, convoy, fleet<br \/>\n<strong>llyngesu<\/strong> = to sail<br \/>\n<strong>llyngesan<\/strong> = flotilla, small fleet or navy<br \/>\n<strong>llyngesol<\/strong> = naval<br \/>\n<strong>llyng(h)esog<\/strong> = naval, seafarer, leader of a fleet, admiral<br \/>\n<strong>llyng(h)eswr<\/strong> = seaman, sailor, seafarer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>locou<\/strong> = ship, boat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Etymology: possibly from the Latin  <em>(navis) longa<\/em> ([long] boat), or from an unknown source [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/long#Old_Irish\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*n\u0101w\u0101-<\/strong> = boat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nau, n\u00f3<\/strong> = boat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>n\u00f3, noe<\/strong> = boat (generally a small one, propelled by oars)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nae<\/strong> [n\u032a\u02e0e\u02d0] = boat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>noe<\/strong> = large vase, bowl<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>noe<\/strong> = (wooden) vessel used in making butter, kneading dough, etc. shallow dish, bowl, pan, basin, laver, wooden trough<br \/>\n<strong>noeaid<\/strong> = dishful<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>new<\/strong> = sink, trough, washbasin<br \/>\n<strong>new doos<\/strong> = trough<br \/>\n<strong>new-droghya<\/strong> = sheep dip<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>n\u00e9au, n\u00e9ff, neo, nev<\/strong> = trough, bucket<br \/>\n<strong>n\u00e9ay-doas, neo-doaz, nev-doaz<\/strong> = kneading-trough<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>nev<\/strong> = trough, bucket<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Etymology: from Proto-Indo-European  <strong>*n\u00e9h\u2082us<\/strong> (boat), from <em>*(s)neh\u2082-<\/em> (to swim) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/long#Old_Irish\">Source<\/a>]. Words from the same roots include <strong>navy<\/strong>, <strong>navigate<\/strong>, and <strong>nautical<\/strong>  in English [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/n%C3%A9h%E2%82%82us\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelic)<\/th>\n<td><strong>b\u00e1t<\/strong> = boat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>b\u00e1t, b\u00e1d<\/strong> = boat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>b\u00e1d<\/strong> [b\u02e0\u0251\u02d0d\u032a\u02e0\/b\u02e0a\u02d0d\u032a\u02e0] = boat<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00e1d\u00f3ireacht<\/strong> = (act of) boating<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00e1d iascaigh<\/strong> = fishing boat<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00e1d seoil<\/strong> = sailing boat<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00e1d tarrth\u00e1la<\/strong> = lifeboat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>b\u00e0ta<\/strong> [ba\u02d0hd\u0259] = boat, craft<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00e0taireachd<\/strong> = boating<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00e0ta-aigeil<\/strong> = submarine<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00e0ta-asieig<\/strong> = ferry boat<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00e0ta-falbhain<\/strong> = hovercraft<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00e0ta-iasgaich<\/strong> = fishing boat<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00e0ta-s\u00e0bhalaidh<\/strong> = lifeboat<br \/>\n<strong>b\u00e0ta-si\u00f9il<\/strong> = sailing boat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>baatey<\/strong> [\u02c8b\u025b\u02d0\u00f0\u0259] = boat, even keel<br \/>\n<strong>baateyrys<\/strong> = boating<br \/>\n<strong>baatey assaig<\/strong> = ferry boat<br \/>\n<strong>baatey bieauid<\/strong> = speedboat<br \/>\n<strong>baatey eeastee<\/strong> = fishing boat<br \/>\n<strong>baatey etlagh<\/strong> = seaplane<br \/>\n<strong>baatey sauaillagh<\/strong> = lifeboat<br \/>\n<strong>baatey<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bat, bad<\/strong> = boat<br \/>\n<strong>badwr<\/strong> = boatman, waterman, ferryman<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bad<\/strong> = boat, barge, (small) ship<br \/>\n<strong>badaid<\/strong> = boatful<br \/>\n<strong>badlong<\/strong> = ketch, pinnace<br \/>\n<strong>badwr<\/strong> = boatman, waterman, ferryman<br \/>\n<strong>bad acbub<\/strong> = lifeboat<br \/>\n<strong>bad pysgota<\/strong> = fishing boat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Old English <em>b\u0101t<\/em> (boat) or from Old Norse <em>b\u00e1tr<\/em> (boat), both of which come from Proto-Germanic <em>*baitaz<\/em> (boat, ship), from Proto-Indo-European  <strong>*b\u02b0eyd-<\/strong> (to break, split) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/b%C3%A1d#Irish\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The English word <strong>boat<\/strong> comes from the same roots, as do words for boat in many other languages [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic\/baitaz\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>scaf, scaffu, scafa<\/strong> = ship<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>scafa<\/strong> [s\u02e0k\u0251f\u02e0\u0259] = ship<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sgoth<\/strong> [sg\u0254h] = skiff<br \/>\n<strong>sgothag<\/strong> = little skiff, small yacht, cutter<br \/>\n<strong>sgiof<\/strong> [sg\u02b2if] = skiff (boat)<br \/>\n<strong>sgib<\/strong> [sg\u02b2ib] = small ship (<em>archaic<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>skiff<\/strong> = skiff<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>esgraff, yscraff, ysgraff<\/strong> = boat, barge, ferry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ysgraff, sgraff<\/strong> = boat, barge, skiff, ferry, ship, raft<br \/>\n<strong>ysgraffbont<\/strong> = pontoon<br \/>\n<strong>ysgraffwr, ysgraffydd<\/strong> = ferryman, boatman, bargee<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>scath<\/strong> = boat<br \/>\n<strong>scath h\u00eer<\/strong> = long boat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>skath<\/strong> = boat<br \/>\n<strong>skathik<\/strong> = dinghy<br \/>\n<strong>skath hir<\/strong> = barge<br \/>\n<strong>skath kloos<\/strong> = raft<br \/>\n<strong>skath tan<\/strong> = motor-boat<br \/>\n<strong>skath sawya<\/strong> = lifeboat<br \/>\n<strong>skath-wolya<\/strong> = sailing boat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>scaph, scaff, sqaff, skaf<\/strong> =  skiff<br \/>\n<strong>skavat, skafad<\/strong> = contents of a skiff<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>skaf<\/strong> = skiff, landing net<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from Latin <em>scapha<\/em> (a light boat, skiff), from Ancient Greek <em>\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7<\/em> (sk\u00e1ph\u0113 &#8211; light boat, skiff), from <em>\u03c3\u03ba\u1fb0\u0301\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9<\/em> (sk\u00e1pt\u014d &#8211; to dig, delve); or from Old Norse <em>sk\u00fata<\/em> (small craft, cutter) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/scafa#Irish\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*lestrom<\/strong> = vessel, pot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelic)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lestar<\/strong> = vessel, container, beehive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lestar<\/strong> = vessel, container, beehive, ship, boat<br \/>\n<strong>lestarach<\/strong> = frequented by ships<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leastar<\/strong> [\u02c8l\u0320\u02b2as\u02e0t\u032a\u02e0\u0259\u027e\u02e0] = vessel, container (for liquids), cask, firkin, (wash) tub, punt (boat), tub; squat, dumpy person<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leastar<\/strong> = small boat, cup, vessel, furniture of a house<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*llestr<\/strong> = vessel, container<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh<\/th>\n<td><strong>lestir<\/strong> = vessel, container<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>llestri, llestyr<\/strong> = vessel, container<br \/>\n<strong>llestreit, llestraid, llestred<\/strong> = vesselful, caskful, tubful, bushel<br \/>\n<strong>llestryn, llestrun<\/strong> = small vessel, small barrel, boat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>llestr<\/strong> [\u026c\u025bstr\/\u02c8\u026c\u025bst\u025br] = vessel, bushel, ship, boat, beehive, womb, uterus<br \/>\n<strong>llestraid<\/strong> = vesselful, caskful, tubful, bushel<br \/>\n<strong>llestrwr<\/strong> = maker of vessels, potter<br \/>\n<strong>llestryn<\/strong> = small vessel, small barrel, boat, human body<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>lester<\/strong> = vessel, container<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lester<\/strong> = vessel, ship<br \/>\n<strong>golowlester<\/strong> = a light-vessel, a lamp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lester<\/strong> = dish, ship, utensil vessel<br \/>\n<strong>lester eth<\/strong> = steam boat<br \/>\n<strong>lester-bargesi<\/strong> = hovercraft<br \/>\n<strong>lester=gwari<\/strong> = yacht<br \/>\n<strong>lester-sedhi<\/strong> = submarine<br \/>\n<strong>annedh lester<\/strong> = houseboat<br \/>\n<strong>lestrier<\/strong> = (kitchen) dresser<br \/>\n<strong>lestriva<\/strong> = dockyard<br \/>\n<strong>lestryn<\/strong> = container<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>lestr<\/strong> = ship, vessel, container<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lestr<\/strong> = ship, vessel, container<br \/>\n<strong>lestr-dre-dan<\/strong> = steamship<br \/>\n<strong>lestr-kroazer, lestr-reder<\/strong> = cruiser<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lestr<\/strong> [\u02c8l\u025bst\u0281] = vessel, container, ship<br \/>\n<strong>lestr-spluj<\/strong>[l\u025bs.\u02c8ply\u02d0\u0283] = submarine<br \/>\n<strong>aerlestr<\/strong> [\u02c8\u025b\u0281lest\u0281] = aircraft<br \/>\n<strong>lestra\u00f1<\/strong> [\u02c8l\u025bstr\u00e3] = to board, load (a vehicle)<br \/>\n<strong>dilestra\u00f1<\/strong> [di\u02c8l\u025bs\u02d0tr\u00e3] = to disemark<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from Proto-Indo-European <em>*ple\u1e31-<\/em> (to fold, weave). The Goidelic words were possibly borrowed from Proto-Brythonic [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/lestar#Old_Irish\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/gunnarries\/9611109262\/in\/photolist-fDirWo-7i73LC-25gC4UD-8oDCVj-2jwybVg-qeQ4T2-DZ5cgq-EuESB3-a9YHDU-iJHKbn-2k7sieB-8qN3ES-DZ4Jxf-oooHir-WyZaa9-oEEeGJ-2XSVxc-fD1WBi-q3Xc68-5pPN5x-YJ1fny-oooJLX-6niFdE-qCpGLC-oGCH3M-EUu3rN-oonXVY-pToiwG-9JtFsd-oooU5X-oEBdPe-8qN2Kf-ooosEQ-3VMYzN-oCR2aG-pToimb-ooomgi-8tUmGc-oEReLs-eT4oZ7-pToir1-7TbQoZ-7TbQFD-7Tf6e3-4NBnwB-7Tf61o-2zhibL-uX5bm-uX4Xc-uX4WN\" title=\"Kogge\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/3817\/9611109262_f3a2106910_z.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" alt=\"Kogge\"\/><\/a><script async src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cwch, c\u0175ch<\/strong> = boat, beehive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cwch<\/strong> [k\u028a\u03c7] = boat, beehive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>coc<\/strong> = boat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>kok<\/strong> = fishing boat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>couc\u2019h<\/strong> = cover of a beehive, hull (of a boat)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>kouc\u2019h<\/strong> = cover of a beehive, hull (of a boat)<br \/>\n<strong>kouc\u2019ha\u00f1<\/strong> = to cover (a beehive)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly cognate with the English word <strong>cog<\/strong> (a clinker-built, flat-bottomed, square-rigged mediaeval ship of burden, or war with a round, bulky hull and a single mast; a small fishing boat), which comes from Middle Dutch <em>cogghe<\/em> (clinker-built, flat-bottomed sailing cargo ship of the Middle Ages), from Proto-Germanic <em>*kugg\u014d<\/em>, from PIE <em>*gug\u0101<\/em> (hump, ball)  [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/cwch\">Source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/An_Etymological_Dictionary_of_the_Gaelic_Language\">An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionaryq.com\/gaelg\/\">Fockleyreen: Manx &#8211; English Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.gaelg.im\/\">Gaelg Corpus<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\/page\/n5\/mode\/2up\">Lexicon cornu-britannicum : a dictionary of the ancient Celtic language of Cornwall<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Devri : Le dictionaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/fr\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-5001128073855040\"\n crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><br \/>\n<!-- Blog horizontal --><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n style=\"display:block\"\n data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-5001128073855040\"\n data-ad-slot=\"1685480124\"\n data-ad-format=\"auto\"\n data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for boat, ship and related vessels in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *long\u0101 = boat, vessel *longest\u0101 = fleet Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) long [l\u0348o\u014b\u0261] = boat, ship loinges = ships, fleet, expedition, exile longfort = camp, encampment, stronghold Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) long, longa = boat, ship, vessel, long-ship, galley; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,39,26,19,20,21,3,36,22,5,6,37,7,27,8,9,71,10,70,40,11,12,67,13,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7516","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-ancient-greek","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-english-aenglisc","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-norse-dnsk-tunga","category-old-welsh","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-germanic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7516","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7516"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7516\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8893,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7516\/revisions\/8893"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7516"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7516"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7516"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}