{"id":7286,"date":"2023-05-18T17:29:04","date_gmt":"2023-05-18T16:29:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=7286"},"modified":"2023-06-24T20:53:22","modified_gmt":"2023-06-24T19:53:22","slug":"fourfold","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2023\/05\/18\/fourfold\/","title":{"rendered":"Fourfold"},"content":{"rendered":"

Words for four<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages:<\/p>\n

\"four\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n*k\u02b7etwares<\/strong> = four
\n*k\u02b7etwariyos<\/strong> = fourth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gaulish<\/th>\npetru, petuar<\/strong> = four
\npetuarios<\/strong> = fourth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\ncethair<\/strong> [\u02c8k\u02b2e\u03b8ir\u02b2] = four
\ncethramad<\/strong> [\u02c8k\u02b2e\u03b8ra\u1e7da\u00f0] = fourth
\ncethracha<\/strong> = forty
\ncethrar<\/strong> = four people
\ncethard\u00fail<\/strong> = four elements<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\ncethair<\/strong> = four
\ncethramad<\/strong> = fourth
\ncethrar<\/strong> = four people
\ncethracha<\/strong> = forty
\ncetharchair<\/strong> = four-sided, square, rectangular
\ncethairr\u00edad<\/strong> = four-wheeled chariot or carriage
\ncethardenus<\/strong> = space of four days
\ncethard\u00f3it<\/strong> = group of four
\ncetharaird<\/strong> = the four points of the compass, the four quarters, the world, universe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\nceathair<\/strong> [\u02c8cah\u0259\u027e\u02b2\/\u02c8c\u00e6\u027e\u02b2] = four, quadruped
\nceithre<\/strong> [\u02c8c\u025b\u027e\u02b2\u0259\/\u02c8\u00e7\u025b\u027e\u02b2\u0259] = four
\nceathrar<\/strong> [\u02c8cah\u027e\u02e0\u0259\u027e\u02e0\/c\u00e6\u02d0\u027e\u02e0] = four people
\nceathracha<\/strong> = forty
\nceathr\u00fa<\/strong> [cah\u02c8\u027e\u02e0u\u02d0] = quarter, thigh, quatrain
\nceathr\u00fanach<\/strong> = quartermaster
\nceathairbhliant\u00fail<\/strong> = quadrennial
\nceathairchodach<\/strong> = fourfold, quadruple
\nceathairchosach<\/strong> = fourfooted, quadruped
\nceathair\u00e9ad<\/strong> = quartet
\nceathairfhillte<\/strong> = quarto, fourfold<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\nceithir<\/strong> [k\u02b2eh\u026ar\u02b2] = four
\nceathramh<\/strong> [k\u02b2\u025br\u0259v] (4mh) fourth (4th)
\nceathrar<\/strong> [k\u02b2\u025br\u0259r] = four (people)
\nceathrad<\/strong> [k\u02b2\u025br\u0259d] = forty
\ncairteal<\/strong> [kar\u032a\u02e0\u0283d\u02b2al] = quarter; quarters, lodgings
\nceithir-chasach<\/strong> = quadruped, four-legged animal
\nceithir-che\u00e0rnach<\/strong> = quadrilateral
\nceithir-fillte<\/strong> = quadruple, fourfold, four-ply<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\nkiare<\/strong> [k\u02b2e\u02d0\u0259(r)] = four, foursome, quartet
\nkiarroo, (yn) chiarroo<\/strong> = (the) fourth
\nkerroo<\/strong> = fourth, quarter, quatrain
\nkiarad<\/strong> = forty
\nkiare-fillagh, kiare-filley<\/strong> = fourfold, quadruple
\nkiare-lhiatteeagh, kiare-lhiatteean<\/strong> = four-sided, quadrilateral
\nkiare-chassagh<\/strong> = four-footed, four-legged, quadruped<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n*pedwar<\/strong> [p\u025bd\u02c8wa\u02d0r] = four
\n*p\u0117dw\u0117r\u0268\u00f0<\/strong> [pe\u031ddwe\u031d\u02c8r\u02d1\u0268\u02d0\u00f0] = fourth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Welsh<\/th>\npetguar<\/strong> = four
\npetguaret<\/strong> = fourth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\npedwar, peduar<\/strong> = four (m)
\npedeyr, pedair, pedeir<\/strong> = four (f)
\npedweryd<\/strong> = fourth (m)
\npedwyred<\/strong> = fourth (m)
\npedwar deg, pedeir deg<\/strong> = fourteen
\npedwar\/pedeir ar bymthec<\/strong> = nineteen
\npedwar ugein(t)<\/strong> = eighty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\npedwar<\/strong> [\u02c8p\u025bdwar] = four (m)
\npedair<\/strong> [\u02c8p\u025bdai\u032fr\/\u02c8pe\u02d0dai\u032fr] = four (f)
\npedwerydd<\/strong> [p\u025bd\u02c8w\u025br\u0268\u031e\u00f0] (4ydd) = fourth (m)
\npedwaredd<\/strong> [p\u025bd\u02c8war\u025b\u00f0] (4edd) = fourth (f)
\npedwarplyg<\/strong> = quadruple
\npedwaraf, pedwaru<\/strong> = to divide into four, quarter
\npedwaraid<\/strong> = set of four, foursome
\npedwar ar ddeg<\/strong> = fourteen
\npedwar ar bymtheg<\/strong> = nineteen
\npedwar deg<\/strong> = forty
\npedwar ugain<\/strong> = eighty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\npeswar<\/strong> = four (m)
\npedar<\/strong> = four (f)
\npeswere, pyswere<\/strong> = fourth
\npeswardhec, pazawardhak<\/strong> = fourteen
\npadzhar iganz<\/strong> = eighty
\npadzhar iganz ha deg<\/strong> = ninety<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\npeswar, pajar<\/strong> = four (m)
\npeder<\/strong> = four (f)
\npeswora, pajwora<\/strong> = fourth
\npeswartrosek<\/strong> = fourfooted
\npeswardhek<\/strong> = fourteen
\npeswar ugens<\/strong> = eighty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Breton<\/th>\npetguar<\/strong> = four
\npetguare<\/strong> = fourth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\npeuar, puar<\/strong> = four
\npeuare, pevare<\/strong> = fourth
\npeuarzec, p\u00e9varzecq, piarzeg<\/strong> = fourteen
\npeuaruguent, p\u00eaver huguent, p\u00e9var uguent<\/strong> = eighty
\npevar-benveg<\/strong> = quartet
\npevarc\u2019hartier<\/strong> = to cut in quarters
\np\u00e9var c\u2019hemend<\/strong> = quadruple
\npevar(-)c\u2019hementi(\u00f1)<\/strong> = to quadruple<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\npevar<\/strong> = four (m)
\npeder<\/strong> = four (f)
\npevare<\/strong> = fourth
\npevarved<\/strong> = fourth (m)
\npedervet<\/strong> = fourth (f)
\npevarzek<\/strong> = fourteen
\npevar-ugent<\/strong> = eighty
\npevarad<\/strong> = quartet
\npevarzuek<\/strong> = quadrilat\u00e9ral<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Indo-European *k\u02b7etw\u00f3res<\/em> (four) and *k\u02b7etwr\u0325y\u00f3s<\/em> (fourth) [source<\/a>].<\/p>\n

English words from the same roots include four<\/strong>, quarter<\/strong>, quart<\/strong>, quartet<\/strong>, quaruple<\/strong>, and words beginning with tetra-<\/strong>, such as tetradecimal<\/strong> (a 14-base counting system) [source<\/a>].<\/p>\n

Sources: Wiktionary<\/a>, Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, Teanglann.ie<\/a>, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English – Old Irish glossary<\/a>, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, TermOfis<\/a>, Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, Geriafurch<\/a>, English – ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Words for four and related things in Celtic languages: Proto-Celtic *k\u02b7etwares = four *k\u02b7etwariyos = fourth Gaulish petru, petuar = four petuarios = fourth Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) cethair [\u02c8k\u02b2e\u03b8ir\u02b2] = four cethramad [\u02c8k\u02b2e\u03b8ra\u1e7da\u00f0] = fourth cethracha = forty cethrar = four people cethard\u00fail = four elements Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) cethair = four cethramad = fourth […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,19,20,25,21,3,22,5,6,37,7,27,127,8,10,40,11,12,13,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7286","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-numbers","category-old-breton","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7286","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7286"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7286\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7364,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7286\/revisions\/7364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7286"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7286"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7286"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}