{"id":7249,"date":"2023-04-20T14:46:20","date_gmt":"2023-04-20T13:46:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=7249"},"modified":"2023-04-20T16:26:10","modified_gmt":"2023-04-20T15:26:10","slug":"top-peaks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2023\/04\/20\/top-peaks\/","title":{"rendered":"Top Peaks"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>top<\/strong>, <strong>peaks<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/27355995345\/in\/photolist-HFmCma-HFmzRk-PcpAYn\" title=\"The Crowded Summit of Snowdon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/7056\/27355995345_5a9f72b476_z.jpg\" alt=\"The Crowded Summit of Snowdon\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*barros<\/strong> = top, point, peak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td>Cuno<strong>barrus<\/strong> = <em>personal name<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>barr<\/strong> = abundance, crop, crown, surplus, top, top, tree-top<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>barr<\/strong> = top, tip, end, crop, produce, climax, end, crown, supremacy, preeminence, transcendence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>barr<\/strong> [b\u02e0\u0251\u02d0\u027e\u02e0] = tip, point, top, summit, upper part, surface, crop, yield, result, addition, excess, superiority, extremity<br \/>\n<strong>barrachas<\/strong> = predominance, surplus<br \/>\n<strong>barradh<\/strong> = hindrance<br \/>\n<strong>barra\u00ed<\/strong> = champion, superior person, arrogant person, bully<br \/>\n<strong>barraic\u00edn<\/strong> = tip, toe (of foot, stocking), toe-cap<br \/>\n<strong>barra\u00edocht<\/strong> = excess<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>b\u00e0rr<\/strong> [ba\u02d0r\u032a\u02e0] = apex, crest, crown, summit, tip, top, zenith, surface, crop, produce, cream, son<br \/>\n<strong>barrachd<\/strong> = more, predominance, preponderance<br \/>\n<strong>barraidheachd<\/strong> = more, predominance, preponderance<br \/>\n<strong>barran<\/strong> = crest, hood, band(age), swaddling clothes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>baare<\/strong> =  apex, cap, climax, end, point, summit, tip, top, crest (of a wave), curl, interval, ruin, bare, film on milk, surface, crown<br \/>\n<strong>baarey<\/strong> = to bare, clip, dress, poll, prune, shave; trimmed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>barr, bar<\/strong> [bar] = top, summit crest<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bar<\/strong> [bar] = head, top, summit, crest, bush, tuft, branch<br \/>\n<strong>barbiaf, barbio<\/strong> = to trim, shave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bar<\/strong> = top, summit, branch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>barr<\/strong> = summit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>barr<\/strong> = branch, summit, ridge, peak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>barr, bar<\/strong> = branch, summit, ridge, peak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>barr<\/strong> = summit, surface, access, paroxysm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Indo-European <em>*b\u02b0r\u0325s-\u00f3-s<\/em>, from <em>*b\u02b0ers-<\/em> (point, top, tip). Words from the same PIE roots include <strong>barley<\/strong> in English, <strong>farine<\/strong> (flour) in French, <strong>bara<\/strong> (bread) in Welsh, Cornish and Breton, <strong>bair\u00edn<\/strong> (loaf) in Irish, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2021\/04\/24\/bread\/\">related words in Celtic languages<\/a>  [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/b%CA%B0ers-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic roots, via Gaulish, include <strong>bar\u00e0z<\/strong> (bramble) in Romansh, <strong>barra<\/strong> (garret, loft, upper platform) in Galician [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_French_words_of_Gaulish_origin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for top, peaks and related things in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *barros = top, point, peak Gaulish Cunobarrus = personal name Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) barr = abundance, crop, crown, surplus, top, top, tree-top Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) barr = top, tip, end, crop, produce, climax, end, crown, supremacy, preeminence, transcendence Irish (Gaeilge) barr [b\u02e0\u0251\u02d0\u027e\u02e0] = tip, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,19,20,44,24,25,21,3,22,5,6,37,7,27,8,10,11,12,13,126,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-breton","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-galician","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-romansh","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7249","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7249"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7249\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7252,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7249\/revisions\/7252"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7249"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7249"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}