{"id":7225,"date":"2023-04-14T15:17:14","date_gmt":"2023-04-14T14:17:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=7225"},"modified":"2023-04-14T15:17:16","modified_gmt":"2023-04-14T14:17:16","slug":"roots","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2023\/04\/14\/roots\/","title":{"rendered":"Roots"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>roots<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/39439502132\/in\/album-72157674334257923\/\" title=\"Tree roots in Eaves Wood. Silverdale, Lancashire\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/4635\/39439502132_358d2db3be_z.jpg\" alt=\"Tree roots in Eaves Wood. Silverdale, Lancashire\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*wridm\u0101, *wrid\u0101<\/strong> = root<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fr\u00e9m<\/strong> [f\u02b2r\u02b2e\u02d0\u1e7d] = root<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fr\u00e9m, pr\u00e9m<\/strong> = root, source, origin, rootstock, race<br \/>\n<strong>fr\u00e9mach, pr\u00e9mach<\/strong> = roots, genealogical stock, abounding roots<br \/>\n<strong>fr\u00e9maigid<\/strong> = intransitive, takes root<br \/>\n<strong>fr\u00e9mamail<\/strong> = radical, primary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fr\u00e9amh<\/strong> [f\u02b2\u027e\u02b2e\u02d0v\u02e0] = root, source, origin, rootstock, race, radical (<em>in linguistics and chemistry<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>fr\u00e9amhach<\/strong> = roots, having roots, rooted, established<br \/>\n<strong>fr\u00e9amha\u00ed<\/strong> = derivative, radical<br \/>\n<strong>fr\u00e9amhaigh<\/strong> = to root, spring, descend (from), derive (from)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>freumh<\/strong> [fr\u02b2\u026a\u0259v] = root, source, derivation<br \/>\n<strong>freumhagach<\/strong> = pertaining to or abounding in small roots, fibrous<br \/>\n<strong>freumhag<\/strong> = small root, rootlet, fibre<br \/>\n<strong>freumhach<\/strong> = rooted, abounding in roots, steady, fundamental<br \/>\n<strong>freumhaichte<\/strong> = rooted, derived<br \/>\n<strong>freumhachadh<\/strong> = rooting, taking root, deriving, derivation, etymology<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fraue<\/strong> [fre\u02d0w] = bulb, derivation, radical, root<br \/>\n<strong>frauaghey<\/strong> = to root<br \/>\n<strong>frauee<\/strong> = derivative, primitive<br \/>\n<strong>fraueit<\/strong> = grafted, rooted<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gureid, gwreid<\/strong> = root<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwraidd<\/strong> [\u0261wrai\u032f\u00f0] = root, bottom, base, foundation, source, origin, ancestry<br \/>\n<strong>gwreiddiadur<\/strong> = etymological dictionary<br \/>\n<strong>gwreiddiaf, gwreiddio<\/strong> = to root, grow roots, take root, become ingrained or established, be rooted, be derived, ground, found, secure, establish<br \/>\n<strong>gwreiddiog<\/strong> = having roots, rooted, ingrained<br \/>\n<strong>gwreiddiol<\/strong> = original, primitive, innate, initial, established, hereditary<br \/>\n<strong>gwreiddyn<\/strong> = root, beginning, origin, source, nucleus, essence, foundation, reason, stock, pedigree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>grueiten<\/strong> = root<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwredh, gwreydh, gwreidhen<\/strong> = root<br \/>\n<strong>gwredhan<\/strong> = a single root<br \/>\n<strong>gwrydhye<\/strong> = to take root, to be rooted<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwrydhen<\/strong> = root<br \/>\n<strong>gwreydhek<\/strong> = original<br \/>\n<strong>gwreydhyel<\/strong> = radical<br \/>\n<strong>gwreydhyoleth<\/strong> = radicalism<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>uraed<\/strong> = root<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwrizienn, gruyzyenn, gruyzienn, grizyen<\/strong> = root<br \/>\n<strong>gwriziaoui\u00f1 gwrizia\u00f1, gwrizienna\u00f1<\/strong> = to take root, put down roots<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwrizienn<\/strong> = root, origin, base<br \/>\n<strong>gwrizia\u00f1<\/strong> = to take root, put down roots, ingrained<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Indo-European <em>*wr\u0325h\u2082d-\/*wr\u00e9h\u2082ds<\/em> (root). Words from the same roots include <strong>root<\/strong>, <strong>radish<\/strong> and <strong>wort<\/strong> (a liquid extracted from mash when making beer or malt liquor) in English, <strong>rot<\/strong> (root, source) in Swedish, <strong>rod<\/strong> (root) in Danish, <strong>wortel<\/strong> (carrot) in Dutch, <strong>Wurzel<\/strong> (root) in German, <strong>ra\u00edz<\/strong> (root, origin) in Spanish, <strong>ra\u00edz<\/strong> (root, origin) in Spanish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/wr%C3%A9h%E2%82%82ds\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for roots and related things in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *wridm\u0101, *wrid\u0101 = root Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) fr\u00e9m [f\u02b2r\u02b2e\u02d0\u1e7d] = root Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) fr\u00e9m, pr\u00e9m = root, source, origin, rootstock, race fr\u00e9mach, pr\u00e9mach = roots, genealogical stock, abounding roots fr\u00e9maigid = intransitive, takes root fr\u00e9mamail = radical, primary Irish (Gaeilge) fr\u00e9amh [f\u02b2\u027e\u02b2e\u02d0v\u02e0] = root, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,63,81,19,20,115,21,3,22,5,6,37,7,27,8,9,10,12,13,23,72,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7225","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-danish-dansk","category-dutch-nederlands","category-english","category-etymology","category-greek-","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-trees","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7225","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7225"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7225\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7227,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7225\/revisions\/7227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7225"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7225"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7225"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}