{"id":7211,"date":"2023-03-17T18:18:46","date_gmt":"2023-03-17T18:18:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=7211"},"modified":"2023-03-17T18:18:47","modified_gmt":"2023-03-17T18:18:47","slug":"bright-lights","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2023\/03\/17\/bright-lights\/","title":{"rendered":"Bright Lights"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>bright<\/strong>, <strong>light<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/47515486@N05\/27851857345\/in\/photolist-f9Kt9L-KHZxQ9-L3vQBi-KdKqJk-2n7PTvR-9moyHL-v4PVTF-8yhyPQ-Jrb3QZ-KHZukd-L7puR9-6nsNsL-9vNARn-8yhqkG-qRQRZt-UJMaUs-8yezat-2gBVk5p-nAjd4P-2mV4x6f-X3cQpT-2hDLbRo-2m9DVer-2ohKZHN-2ohPWcF-2ohNdZs-2hDXVT4-XrwrdR-2i7dxjr-2ohKJEy-2ohLmq9-2iBuoiU-2n8dF2k-2hDU3yn-LuLQaS-2hE6cDh-2eLjsaS-2io9CGc-RBbkye-rX6i28-FL3dVj-9D7V6o-kMKkJ-cpwWK-w6j2H-cpwPT-cpwSw-cpwQY-cpwVA-cpwTV\" title=\"Penmon sunset.\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/7569\/27851857345_23c5d883de_z.jpg\" alt=\"Penmon sunset.\" width=\"640\" height=\"413\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*\u0278lenstus, *flenstu-<\/strong> = light<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>solus<\/strong> [\u02c8solus] = bright, clear, light<br \/>\n<strong>l\u00e9s<\/strong> [l\u0348\u02b2e\u02d0s] = light, radiance, daylight, illumination (<em>of the mind<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>solus<\/strong> = (adj) bright, clear, light-giving, happy, prosperous; (noun) light, clarity, intelligibility<br \/>\n<strong>solusta<\/strong> = bright, shining<br \/>\n<strong>solustacht<\/strong> = brightness, radiance<br \/>\n<strong>l\u00e9s<\/strong> = light, radiance, daylight, flush, blush<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>solas<\/strong> [\u02c8s\u02e0\u0254l\u032a\u02e0\u0259s\u02e0] = light, brightness, illumination, lamp, flame, enlightenment, insight, revelation, disclosure, vision, self-interest, limelight<br \/>\n<strong>solasbhliain<\/strong> = light-year<br \/>\n<strong>solasmhaire<\/strong> = brightness, luminousness, clarity, lucidity<br \/>\n<strong>solasmhar<\/strong> = bright, luminous, clear, lucid<br \/>\n<strong>l\u00e9as<\/strong> = ray of light, light, radiane; weal, welt, red spot, blister<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>solas<\/strong> [s\u0254l\u032a\u02e0\u0259s] = light, phases (<em>of the moon, etc<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>solasach<\/strong> = luminous, shining<br \/>\n<strong>solasta<\/strong> = luminous, shining<br \/>\n<strong>solasachadh<\/strong> [s\u0254l\u032a\u02e0\u0259s\u026a\u00e7] = lighting, illuminating<br \/>\n<strong>le\u00f2s<\/strong> = light, ray, torch, blister, blush<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sollys<\/strong> = bright, brilliant, clear, resplendent, shining, shiny, transparent, brightness, lamp, light<br \/>\n<strong>sollysagh<\/strong> = luminous<br \/>\n<strong>soilsheanagh<\/strong> =  beaming, brilliant, glistening, glowing, luminous, lustrous, radiant, shiny, splendid, vivid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*gwolu\u0263\u0289<\/strong> = light<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>golau<\/strong> = light, illumination, brightness, clearness, enlightment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>golau<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0261\u0254la\u0268\u032f\/\u02c8\u0261o\u02d0lai\u032f] = light, illumination, brightness, clearness, enlightment<br \/>\n<strong>golau dydd<\/strong> = daylight<br \/>\n<strong>golau lleuad<\/strong>= moonlight<br \/>\n<strong>golau t\u00e2n<\/strong> = fire light<br \/>\n<strong>goleuad<\/strong> = light, illumination, enlightenment<br \/>\n<strong>goleuaf, goleuo, golau<\/strong> = to light(en), illuminate, set light to, kindle, set fire to, enlighten, explain<br \/>\n<strong>goleudy<\/strong> = lighthouse<br \/>\n<strong>goleuddal<\/strong> = candlestick, sconce, chandelier<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>golou<\/strong> = light<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>golow<\/strong> = light<br \/>\n<strong>golowa, gylywa, gouloua, gylywi<\/strong> = to enlighten, give light, illuminate, shine<br \/>\n<strong>golowas<\/strong> = an enlightening, illumination, lightning<br \/>\n<strong>golowder<\/strong> = light, brightness<br \/>\n<strong>golowlester<\/strong> = a light-vessel, lamp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>golow<\/strong> = glow, light, luminous<br \/>\n<strong>Golowan<\/strong> = Misummer<br \/>\n<strong>golowboyntya<\/strong> = to hightlight<br \/>\n<strong>golowbren<\/strong> = lamp-post<br \/>\n<strong>golowhe<\/strong> = to glow, illuminate, light up, lighten<br \/>\n<strong>golowi<\/strong> = to enlighten, glow, illuminate, light up, lighten, shine<br \/>\n<strong>golowji<\/strong> = lighthouse<br \/>\n<strong>golowyans<\/strong> = enlightenment, lighting<br \/>\n<strong>golowyn (X)<\/strong> (X-)ray<br \/>\n<strong>golowys<\/strong> = lit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>goulo\u00f9, goulou<\/strong> = bright, brilliant, light, candle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>goulo\u00f9<\/strong> = light, current, fire<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong> (Goidelic languages): from Old Irish <em>so-<\/em> (very) and <em>l\u00e9s<\/em> (light, radiance, daylight, illumination). <em>so-<\/em> come s from Proto-Celtic <em>*su-<\/em> (good, well), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2081su-<\/em> (good). <em>l\u00e9s<\/em> comes from the Proto-Celtic <em>\u0278lenstus<\/em> (light), possibly from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*lewk-<\/em> (bright, to shine, to see) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/solus#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: (Brythonic languages): from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*lewk-<\/em> (bright, to shine, to see) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/golau\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>From the same PIE root we get the Irish word <strong>luchair<\/strong> (glittering, resplendent), <strong>llug<\/strong> (light, radiance, brightness) and <strong>llygad<\/strong> (eye) in Welsh, <strong>lagas<\/strong> (eye) in Cornish and <strong>lagad<\/strong> (eye) in Breton [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/lewk-\">source<\/a>],<\/p>\n<p>English words from the PIE root <em>*lewk-<\/em> include <strong>light<\/strong>,  <strong>lucid<\/strong>, <strong>luminous<\/strong>, <strong>Lucifer<\/strong>, <strong>luna<\/strong> and <strong>lynx<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Category:English_terms_derived_from_the_Proto-Indo-European_root_*lewk-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for bright, light and related things in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *\u0278lenstus, *flenstu- = light Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) solus [\u02c8solus] = bright, clear, light l\u00e9s [l\u0348\u02b2e\u02d0s] = light, radiance, daylight, illumination (of the mind) Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) solus = (adj) bright, clear, light-giving, happy, prosperous; (noun) light, clarity, intelligibility solusta = bright, shining solustacht = [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,19,20,21,3,22,5,6,7,27,10,11,12,13,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7211","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7211","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7211"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7211\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7212,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7211\/revisions\/7212"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7211"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7211"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7211"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}