{"id":7118,"date":"2023-02-11T15:27:45","date_gmt":"2023-02-11T15:27:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=7118"},"modified":"2023-02-11T15:27:46","modified_gmt":"2023-02-11T15:27:46","slug":"grave-ditches","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2023\/02\/11\/grave-ditches\/","title":{"rendered":"Grave Ditches"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>graves<\/strong>, <strong>ditches<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages:<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/bara-koukoug\/5980885186\/in\/photolist-a7vAN7-8B1GZT-8P6M8z-SePEVy-RBfmwW-8RT8t7-8q43LN-9K276f-doBDTn-Vke9uH-28wkuak-7VZNhb-GP5H6P-Qy47vN-JG2Xyy-9gGt6n-aFtQcz-GL822f-bbLW4e-J8Y6Ka-qWksdv-H5nuN1-CafmvE-fK5pMr-256XRJi-qMjqbr-r5Rdmq-2euB6Ba-ya9umL-FE2JA-prTeE6-5htDyP-67YHq2-FE2LE-MQBYXS-FE2GS-mj69iZ-mj5rVB-mj5pP2-8hTUdM-5oydEf-c6Z1im-6cvjf2-8sNzYL-c6Z1Q3-c6YZBo-c6YZc3-c6Z2kE-c6Z1nf-c6Z1U5\" title=\"Llanfihangel Esglai, Swydd Henffordd \u2629\u2629\u2629 Michaelchurch Escley, Herefordshire\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/6126\/5980885186_2c56a4d8a7_z.jpg\" alt=\"Llanfihangel Esglai, Swydd Henffordd \u2629\u2629\u2629 Michaelchurch Escley, Herefordshire\" width=\"640\" height=\"436\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*bodyom<\/strong> = grave, ditch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Celtiberian<\/th>\n<td>arkato-<strong>bezom<\/strong> = silver mine (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*be\u00f0<\/strong> = grave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bed, bet<\/strong> = grave, tomb<br \/>\n<strong>medraud, uedraut, bedraud<\/strong> = burial-place, grave, sepluchre, cemetery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bedd<\/strong> [be\u02d0\u00f0] = grave, tomb, gravestone, tombstone, interred<br \/>\n<strong>beddaf, beddu, beddo<\/strong> = to bury<br \/>\n<strong>bedd-dorrwr<\/strong> = gravedigger<br \/>\n<strong>beddfa<\/strong> = grave, tomb, mausoleum<br \/>\n<strong>beddfaen<\/strong> = gravestone, tombstone<br \/>\n<strong>beddrod<\/strong> = tomb, vault, grave, cemetery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bedh<\/strong> = grave<br \/>\n<strong>bedhy<\/strong> = to bury<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bedh<\/strong> = grave, tomb<br \/>\n<strong>bedhros<\/strong> = graveyard<br \/>\n<strong>bedhskrif<\/strong> = epitaph<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>bez<\/strong> = tomb, tombstone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bez<\/strong> = grave, tomb, sepulchre<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*b\u02b0ed\u02b0-<\/em> (to dig, burrow). Words from the same PIE root include <em>fossa<\/em> (ditch, trench, moat, fosse, grave) in Latin, and possibly <strong>bed<\/strong> in English [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/b%CA%B0ed%CA%B0h%E2%82%82-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00faag<\/strong> = grave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00faag, \u00faaig<\/strong> = grave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>uaigh<\/strong> [u\u0259\u025f\/u\u0259] = grave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>uaigh<\/strong> [u\u0259j] = grave, tomb, sepluchre<br \/>\n<strong>uaigh staoin<\/strong> = shallow grave<br \/>\n<strong>uaigh-thrannsa<\/strong> = passage grave<br \/>\n<strong>uaigheach<\/strong> = sepulchral, abounding in graves<br \/>\n<strong>uaigheachd<\/strong> = (act of) burying, burial<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>oaie, oaye<\/strong> = grave, pit, sepulchre<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: unknown [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/%C3%BAag#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>reillic<\/strong> = grave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>reilic<\/strong> = burial place, relics (of saints)<br \/>\n<strong>reilcech<\/strong> = containg cemeteries<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>reilig<\/strong> [\u02c8\u027e\u02e0\u025bl\u02b2\u026a\u025f\/\u02c8\u027e\u02e0\u025bl\u02b2\u026ac\/\u02c8\u027e\u02e0\u0268\u031el\u02b2\u026a\u025f] = graveyard, burial ground; relics<br \/>\n<strong>reiligire<\/strong> = sexton, grave-digger<br \/>\n<strong>reiligireacht<\/strong> = caring for churchyard, grave-digging<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>r\u00e9ilig, r\u00e9ileag<\/strong> [r\u032a\u02e0e\u02d0l\u026ag\u02b2] = burial place, ossuary, stone chest<br \/>\n<strong>r\u00e9ilig-cloiche<\/strong> = ossuary, stone chest<br \/>\n<strong>r\u00e9iligeach<\/strong> = like a churchyard, having a churchyard<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ruillick, rhullick<\/strong> = burial ground, cemetery, graveyard, necropolis, churchyard<br \/>\n<strong>ruillick fo-halloo<\/strong> = catacombs<br \/>\n<strong>ruillick ny moght<\/strong> = paupers\u2019 grave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Latin <em>r\u0113liquiae<\/em> (remains, relics, remnants, survivors), from <em>relinqu\u014d<\/em> (I abandon, relinquish, forsake, leave), from the Proto-Italic <em>*wrelink\u02b7\u014d<\/em>, ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*leyk\u02b7<\/em> (to leave) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/reilig\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE root include <strong>loan<\/strong> in English, <strong>\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> [l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8\u0282at\u02b2] (to deprive, rob, bereave) in Russian, and possibly <strong>d\u00ecleab<\/strong> (bequest, inheritance, legacy) in Scottish Gaelic [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/leyk%CA%B7-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for graves, ditches and related things in Celtic languages: Proto-Celtic *bodyom = grave, ditch Celtiberian arkato-bezom = silver mine (?) Proto-Brythonic *be\u00f0 = grave Middle Welsh (Kymraec) bed, bet = grave, tomb medraud, uedraut, bedraud = burial-place, grave, sepluchre, cemetery Welsh (Cymraeg) bedd [be\u02d0\u00f0] = grave, tomb, gravestone, tombstone, interred beddaf, beddu, beddo = [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,17,26,19,20,21,3,36,22,5,6,37,7,27,10,11,12,13,60,106,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7118","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-celtiberian","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-proto-italic","category-russian-","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7118","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7118"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7118\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7124,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7118\/revisions\/7124"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7118"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7118"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7118"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}