{"id":7111,"date":"2023-02-05T14:01:08","date_gmt":"2023-02-05T14:01:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=7111"},"modified":"2023-02-05T14:01:09","modified_gmt":"2023-02-05T14:01:09","slug":"burdensome-loads","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2023\/02\/05\/burdensome-loads\/","title":{"rendered":"Burdensome Loads"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>loads<\/strong>, <strong>burdens<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/bryonlippincott\/42598608804\/in\/photolist-NEjh9p-27BQJKX-uAZKUp-9qSipN-7Hz4XU-cfZ5zW-82Dtvu-23wz5Uh-82Dwed-82Agse-ueauXx-cyy2hL-82ArCT-82Driq-82DuoQ-82AmA8-a2NbFy-82DBnC-685WBi-27Ui1hu-82AqzP-82DseN-pKbNtS-59tNw6-5Kakj8-27UmhcE-qFTESi-gg6PU3-gg6NSJ-6vKZmb-r6kmAR-5KafZ2-68a8yo-4dcmqU-6vKZdd-5KeD5m-9DNvnv-7HBfJw-EAHxpC-5KewwC-bzgutR-bzguAT-2mMRbrM-2mMVgyw-2mMWC37-ccifz-2mMRbsP-5KeAGG-qoFDmz-2mMVgzU\" title=\"Worker carrying rice seedlings to her field\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/920\/42598608804_59215f6b21_z.jpg\" alt=\"Worker carrying rice seedlings to her field\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*baskis<\/strong> = bundle, load<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>basc<\/strong> = circular necklet or neckband<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>basc<\/strong> = round, red, scarlet (<em>archaic<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>beich<\/strong> = burden, load<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>baich<\/strong> [bai\u032f\u03c7] = burden, heavy load, labour, duty, sin, sorrow, woe, responsibility, a load, a dry measure<br \/>\n<strong>baich gwaith<\/strong> = workload<br \/>\n<strong>beichiaf, beichio<\/strong> = to burden, load, weigh (down), overwhelm, encumber<br \/>\n<strong>beichiedig<\/strong> = burdened, laden<br \/>\n<strong>beichiog<\/strong> = pregnant, expectant, burdened, laden, fertile, prolific, teeming<br \/>\n<strong>beichiogaeth<\/strong> = pregnancy<br \/>\n<strong>beichiogaf, beichiogi<\/strong> = to become pregnant, impregnate, conceive<br \/>\n<strong>beichiogi<\/strong> = pregnancy, conception, feture, childbirth, delivery (of child)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>begh<\/strong> = burden, load<br \/>\n<strong>begh-ober<\/strong> = workload<br \/>\n<strong>beghus<\/strong> = burdensome, onerous<br \/>\n<strong>beghya<\/strong> = to burden, impose upon, overload<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bec\u2019h<\/strong> = burden<br \/>\n<strong>bec\u2019hiet<\/strong> = loaded, charged, full<br \/>\n<strong>bec\u2019h(i)us<\/strong> = heavy, overwhelming, oppressive<br \/>\n<strong>bec\u2019h-bec\u2019h<\/strong> = with great difficulty<br \/>\n<strong>bec\u2019hiadurezh<\/strong> = oppression<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bec\u2019h<\/strong> = difficulty, effort<br \/>\n<strong>bec\u2019hiad<\/strong> = load, charge, responsibility, burden<br \/>\n<strong>bec\u2019hadenn<\/strong> = physical effort<br \/>\n<strong>bec\u2019hded<\/strong> = saturation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*b\u02b0ask-<\/em> (bundle, band), or from a non-Indo-European source. Words from the same Proto-Celtic root include <em>bascauda<\/em> (woven mat or vessel to hold basketwork) in Late Latin, <strong>b\u00e2che<\/strong> (tarpaulin, canvas sheet, cover) in French, <strong>vascullo<\/strong> (broom, bundle of straw) in Galician, <strong>basket<\/strong> in English, <strong>\u0641\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0631<\/strong> (fa\u0161q\u0101r &#8211; a heap of sheaves) in Arabic (via Aragonese or Galician) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/baskis\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE root include <em>fascis<\/em> (bundle, burden, load, high office) in Latin, and possibly <strong>bast<\/strong> (fibre made from certain plants used for matting and cord) in English, <strong>bast<\/strong> (bast, raffia) in Danish, <strong>bast<\/strong> (inner bark, velvet, skin, hide) in Dutch, and <strong>bashk\u00eb<\/strong> (together, simultaneously) in Albanian [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/fascis#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aire<\/strong> = load, burden<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aire, oire, ere<\/strong> = load, burden<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>eire<\/strong> = load, burden<br \/>\n<strong>eiread\u00f3ir<\/strong> = encumbrancer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>eire<\/strong> [er\u02b2\u0259] = burden, load<br \/>\n<strong>eireach<\/strong> [er\u02b2\u0259x] = burdensome, heavy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>errey<\/strong> = burden, impost, imposition, load<br \/>\n<strong>thie errey<\/strong> = infirmary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>areu<\/strong> = burden, sorrow, grief<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>arau<\/strong> = burden, sorrow, grief<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: unknown [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ceantar.org\/Dicts\/MB2\/mb16.html\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00faalach<\/strong> = burden, load, duty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00faalach<\/strong> = burden, charge, load, duty, obligation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ualach<\/strong> = load, burden<br \/>\n<strong>ualaigh<\/strong> = to load, burden, encumber<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>uallach<\/strong> = round, red, scarlet (<em>archaic<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from <strong>uala<\/strong> (shoulder), a version of <strong>guala<\/strong> (shoulder), from Middle Irish <em>g\u00faala<\/em> (shoulder), from Old Irish <em>g\u00faalu<\/em> (shoulder), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*gew<\/em> (to bend, curve) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/ualach\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE root include <strong>giro<\/strong> and <strong>gyre<\/strong> (a swirling vortex) in English, <strong>giro<\/strong> (turn, twist, rotation) in Italian, and <strong>giro<\/strong> (turn, spin, tour) in Spanish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/gew-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/dictionnairedelal00dela\">Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for loads, burdens and related things in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *baskis = bundle, load Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) basc = circular necklet or neckband Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig) basc = round, red, scarlet (archaic) Middle Welsh (Kymraec) beich = burden, load Welsh (Cymraeg) baich [bai\u032f\u03c7] = burden, heavy load, labour, duty, sin, sorrow, woe, responsibility, a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,66,121,122,16,26,63,81,19,20,44,24,21,83,3,36,22,5,37,7,27,10,12,13,23,82,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7111","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-albanian","category-arabic-","category-aragonese-aragones","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-danish-dansk","category-dutch-nederlands","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-galician","category-gaeilge-irish","category-italian-italiano","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7111","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7111"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7111\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7113,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7111\/revisions\/7113"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7111"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7111"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7111"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}