{"id":7092,"date":"2023-01-25T16:44:45","date_gmt":"2023-01-25T16:44:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=7092"},"modified":"2024-12-08T13:49:41","modified_gmt":"2024-12-08T13:49:41","slug":"region-and-country","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2023\/01\/25\/region-and-country\/","title":{"rendered":"Region and Country"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>region<\/strong>, <strong>country<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/68112440@N07\/46984905844\/in\/photolist-2ezTVzw-2ezTPr9-25b3pUr-TDjYkY-TDmhvJ-2eoBtZx-2eoBLAD-2n3A3hN-2eoBiaM-2ezSqd7-2eoCdk4-Y88Bpq-2eoDCyT-2iDNAKV-25b1UPK-S26VRt-TDjNyy-25b2b7P-TDkttN-2fGYd8S-TDkn2u-atuGn1-2nTXsUJ-2ngxX1P-2jg8dMT-2n8JYEu-pV5xpe-2nFumHH-tZM4eA-27Ua5Bp-2mHpF5A-2iFgoZK-2nTWy7Z-2oaKEm3-dYTrtf-2fGYMLd-SE1NYU-fHmbfw-2fGZLA5-2n3trYh-63hn6E-S25Jia-23Eu1Rv-DgYmb8-p2BrTm-2nKnutx-G2CHWn-KFgeQA-2jEeYk6-SvAVKJ\" title=\"Marches 040519 884\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/65535\/46984905844_7115ec79f7_z.jpg\" alt=\"Marches 040519 884\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*mrogis<\/strong> = border(land), march, mark; region, country, territory, province<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>*brogis<\/strong> = border(land) (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mruig<\/strong> [mru\u0263\u02b2] = cultivated land; march, borderland, country, territory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bruig<\/strong> = land, cultivated land, holding, region, district, border, (farm)house, abode, hall, mansion, castle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>brugh<\/strong> = dwelling, mansion<br \/>\n<strong>brughaidh<\/strong> = landowner, hosteler<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>brugh<\/strong> [bruh] = broch, fortified tower, large house, mansion, fairy mound, underground house<br \/>\n<strong>brughadair<\/strong> [bru.\u0259d\u026ar\u02b2] = broch dweller, fairy mound dweller, elf<br \/>\n<strong>brughaire<\/strong> [bru.\u026ar\u02b2\u0259] = inhabitant of a fairy mound<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>brogh<\/strong> = broch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*bro\u0263<\/strong> [\u02c8bro\u02d0\u0263] = country, region, territory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bro<\/strong> = region, country, land<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bro<\/strong> [bro\u02d0] = region, country, land, neighbourhood, native haunt; border, limit, boundary, march; vale, lowland<br \/>\n<strong>broaidd<\/strong> = pleasant like a vale<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bro<\/strong> = country, region, land, territory, coast<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bro<\/strong> = country, land<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bro<\/strong> = country, nation, region<br \/>\n<strong>broa<\/strong> = to return to the country<br \/>\n<strong>broad<\/strong> = inhabitants, compatriots<br \/>\n<strong>broadel<\/strong> = national<br \/>\n<strong>Bro-C\u2019hall<\/strong> = France<br \/>\n<strong>Bro-Gernev<\/strong> = Cornwall<br \/>\n<strong>Bro-Saoz<\/strong> = England<br \/>\n<strong>Bro-Skos<\/strong> = Scotland<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bro<\/strong> [bro\u02d0] = counry(-side)<br \/>\n<strong>broadadur<\/strong> = naturalization<br \/>\n<strong>broadeladur<\/strong> = nationalisation<br \/>\n<strong>broadela\u00f1<\/strong> = to naturalize (a person)<br \/>\n<strong>Bro-C\u2019hall<\/strong> = France<br \/>\n<strong>Bro-Saoz<\/strong> = England<br \/>\n<strong>Bro-Skos<\/strong> = Scotland<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*mor\u01f5-<\/em> (frontier, border). Words from the same Proto-Celtic root, via Gaulish and Latin, include <strong>brolo<\/strong> (vegetable garden, orchard, grove) in Italian, and <strong>breuil<\/strong> (wood, copse, coppice) in French [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/mrogis\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE root include <strong>margin<\/strong>, <strong>mark<\/strong> (boundary, border, frontier) and <strong>march<\/strong> (a border region) in English, and <strong>marge<\/strong> (margin, markup) in French, <strong>margine<\/strong> (margin, border, edge) in Italian, and <strong>margen<\/strong> (margin, edge, leeway) in Spanish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/margo#Latin\">source<\/a>], <strong>Mark<\/strong> (a fortified border area, marches) in German, <strong>mark<\/strong> (field) in Danish, and <strong>marg<\/strong> (march, boundary) in Irish (via Old Norse) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic\/mark%C5%8D\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/dictionnairedelal00dela\">Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for region, country and related things in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *mrogis = border(land), march, mark; region, country, territory, province Gaulish *brogis = border(land) (?) Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) mruig [mru\u0263\u02b2] = cultivated land; march, borderland, country, territory Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) bruig = land, cultivated land, holding, region, district, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,63,81,19,20,44,25,61,21,83,3,36,22,5,6,37,7,27,10,70,11,12,13,23,82,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7092","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-danish-dansk","category-dutch-nederlands","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-gaulish","category-german","category-gaeilge-irish","category-italian-italiano","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-norse-dnsk-tunga","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7092","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7092"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7092\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8598,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7092\/revisions\/8598"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7092"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7092"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7092"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}