{"id":7048,"date":"2023-01-07T14:29:23","date_gmt":"2023-01-07T14:29:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=7048"},"modified":"2023-01-07T14:29:24","modified_gmt":"2023-01-07T14:29:24","slug":"halves-and-sides","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2023\/01\/07\/halves-and-sides\/","title":{"rendered":"Halves and Sides"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>half<\/strong>, <strong>side<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/jinky_dabon\/23039459485\/in\/photolist-B6VfC6-GwaJxm-2iJBswX-2o2Ubux-2nbz6Aj-KWQkCK-23K3YqU-FZLeJS-K67UV5-2nySyPw-71k7Ab-2mJAYDQ-2j6UEy2-2nx6D7T-DLYMBu-24y4QgL-2j6YA98-2kH93BN-N9a6qU-2nFJheb-E8ApD5-2jw2XdX-2gf1yLA-2iW5CKZ-7VyESQ-GPoG86-2avjLB9-2hCa7aq-JfAhpQ-B5Dh8f-FX84s1-2kU6Whd-2njgPai-2ejDU5r-2iWcDb9-qJisjM-5GzRLR-2jqNccx-235ZecV-NG7PuT-2gvaKhn-23Wdz6K-E8upoB-2d7rhss-2nJoAkZ-byK7j1-2kaxyw7-Fz7TJC-2kKHZKW-k87cCM\" title=\"half moon....\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/616\/23039459485_fcf8f863b8_z.jpg\" alt=\"half moon....\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*letos<\/strong> = side<br \/>\n<strong>*\u0278letos<\/strong> = breadth, side<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Primitive Irish<\/th>\n<td>*\u1682\u1693\u1688\u1690\u1684 \/ <strong>*letas<\/strong> = half, direction, side<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leth<\/strong> [l\u0348\u02b2e\u03b8] = half, direction, side<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leth<\/strong> = half, side<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leath<\/strong> [l\u02b2ah\/l\u02b2\u00e6x\/l\u0320\u02b2\u00e6] = side, part, direction; half, part, portion<br \/>\n<strong>leathach<\/strong> = divided in two, two-part<br \/>\n<strong>leithead<\/strong> = breadth, width<br \/>\n<strong>leathadh<\/strong> = spreading, spread, diffusion, scattering, broadcasting<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leth<\/strong> [l\u032a\u02b2eh] = half, side, share<br \/>\n<strong>leth-ghlic<\/strong> = half-witted<br \/>\n<strong>leth-leanabh<\/strong> = twin<br \/>\n<strong>leth-oireachas<\/strong> = separation, partiality, isolationism, favouritism<br \/>\n<strong>leisgeul<\/strong> = excuse, apology, pretext (from leth and sgeul [story])<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lieh<\/strong> = part, half, behalf, makeshift<br \/>\n<strong>lieh fuinnit<\/strong> = half-baked<br \/>\n<strong>lieh henn<\/strong> = middle aged<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*lled<\/strong> = breadth, side<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymreac)<\/th>\n<td><strong>let, llet, led<\/strong> = year (of age)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lled<\/strong> [\u026ce\u02d0d] = breadth, width, beam (of boat), latitude, amplitude, extent, diameter, thickness; half, part(ly), fairly, moderately<br \/>\n<strong>lleda(e)naf, lleda(e)nu<\/strong> = to spread out, scatter abroad, disseminate<br \/>\n<strong>lladaf, lledu<\/strong> = to became broad(er) \/ wide(r), broaden, open out, expand, become widespread<br \/>\n<strong>lleden<\/strong> = flat-fish, flat or sprawling (person\/thing), flattish mass, blade, fluke<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>les<\/strong> = breadth, width, latitude<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>les<\/strong> = breadth, width<br \/>\n<strong>lesa<\/strong> = to expand, spread<br \/>\n<strong>lesans<\/strong> = expansion, spread<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>led<\/strong> = width, wideness, breadth; horizontally<br \/>\n<strong>ledan<\/strong> = wide, large, broad, vast, big<br \/>\n<strong>leda\u00f1, ledi\u00f1, ledek<\/strong> = to stretch out, extend, spread (out)<br \/>\n<strong>ledanaat<\/strong> = to widen, broaden, stretch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>led<\/strong> = wide, large, broad, spreading<br \/>\n<strong>a-led<\/strong> = horizontal<br \/>\n<strong>ledan<\/strong> = vast, wide<br \/>\n<strong>leda\u00f1<\/strong> = to spread, generalize<br \/>\n<strong>ledanded<\/strong> = width, breadth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*pl\u00e9th\u2082-os<\/em> (breadth), from <em>*pleth\u2082-<\/em> (broad, flat) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/%C9%B8letos\">source<\/a>]. Words from the same PIE roots include <strong>field<\/strong>, <strong>flan<\/strong>, <strong>flat<\/strong> and <strong>fold<\/strong> (a pen for animals) in English, <strong>flat<\/strong> in English, and <strong>\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/strong> (plate\u00eda &#8211; town square) in Greek [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/pleth%E2%82%82-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*santeros<\/strong> = middle, half<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*hanter<\/strong> = half<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh<\/th>\n<td><strong>hanther<\/strong> = half<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymreac)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hanner, hanher<\/strong> = half, middle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hanner<\/strong> [\u02c8han\u025br\/\u02c8hanar] = half, middle, midday, midnight, side, part<br \/>\n<strong>hanner-cylchynol<\/strong> = semicircular<br \/>\n<strong>hanner dydd<\/strong> = midday, noon<br \/>\n<strong>hanner nos<\/strong> = midnight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hanter<\/strong> = half, a moiety<br \/>\n<strong>hanter d\u0177dh<\/strong> = midday<br \/>\n<strong>hanter n\u00f4s<\/strong> = midnight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hanter<\/strong> = half<br \/>\n<strong>hantera<\/strong> = to halve<br \/>\n<strong>hanterdydh<\/strong> = midday, noon<br \/>\n<strong>hantergylgh<\/strong> = hemisphere<br \/>\n<strong>hanterkans<\/strong> = fifty<br \/>\n<strong>hanter-mis<\/strong> = fortnight, two weeks<br \/>\n<strong>hanter-nos<\/strong> = midnight<br \/>\n<strong>hanter-our<\/strong> = half-hour<br \/>\n<strong>hanter-pennwari<\/strong> = semi-final<br \/>\n<strong>hanter termyn<\/strong> = half time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hanter<\/strong> = half<br \/>\n<strong>hantera\u00f1, hanteri\u00f1<\/strong> = to halve, cut in half<br \/>\n<strong>hanter-kant<\/strong> = fifty<br \/>\n<strong>hanter-war-hanter<\/strong> = neck and neck, tied<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hanter<\/strong> [\u02c8h\u0251\u0303n.t\u025b\u0281] = half<br \/>\n<strong>hanter dro<\/strong> = u-turn<br \/>\n<strong>hanterad<\/strong> = mediator<br \/>\n<strong>hanterenn<\/strong> = half time<br \/>\n<strong>hanternoz<\/strong> = midnight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*sm\u0325teros<\/em> (one of the two), from <em>*sem-<\/em> (one) and <em>*-teros<\/em> (contrastive suffix) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/santeros\">source<\/a>]. Other words from the PIE root <em>*sem-<\/em> (one) include: <strong>same<\/strong>, <strong>seem<\/strong>, <strong>semi<\/strong>, <strong>similar<\/strong> and <strong>single<\/strong> in English [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/sem-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for half, side and related things in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *letos = side *\u0278letos = breadth, side Primitive Irish *\u1682\u1693\u1688\u1690\u1684 \/ *letas = half, direction, side Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) leth [l\u0348\u02b2e\u03b8] = half, direction, side Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) leth = half, side Irish (Gaeilge) leath [l\u02b2ah\/l\u02b2\u00e6x\/l\u0320\u02b2\u00e6] = side, part, direction; half, part, portion leathach [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,19,20,115,21,3,22,5,6,37,7,27,10,40,11,12,13,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7048","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-greek-","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7048","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7048"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7048\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7055,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7048\/revisions\/7055"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7048"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7048"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7048"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}