{"id":7025,"date":"2022-12-22T17:06:08","date_gmt":"2022-12-22T17:06:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=7025"},"modified":"2024-06-10T14:30:44","modified_gmt":"2024-06-10T13:30:44","slug":"magic-and-spells","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/12\/22\/magic-and-spells\/","title":{"rendered":"Magic and Spells"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Today we\u2019re looking at words for <strong>magic<\/strong>, <strong>spells<\/strong>, <strong>charms<\/strong>, <strong>prayers<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/aloha75\/15360777380\/in\/photolist-ppnZXj-2mEPpHJ-9YHi2F-7oDqUA-987oKb-2iyxvSH-2d1jVWg-7cjU4v-pcpkAb-87mLke-nnYSDh-nSxGM2-5BnczD-2gfwcjJ-uQVGK-8jWqRE-bJR1eZ-fH9h2V-Lhuiru-Lykb1b-bJR1qp-r1LJjZ-2kUragp-6MarFv-rVxLDk-5Bs25k-2dFsK9z-oMCfqH-75eycY-egUEU7-2mn5Huj-a1Zfiw-r9iNQw-a1ZfPh-2jJoEcE-oMCfiZ-oMCgeg-p4R7fM-o2ayMF-6dgXV4-p35w7q-dNJMy7-2m6q6hF-p35vkW-2n415wf-2mFzKcF-64LS4-p35v9d-2kG7Ync-98VRwR\" title=\"Witch\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/3949\/15360777380_e1deb1dc7e_z.jpg\" alt=\"Witch\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*brixt\u0101<\/strong> = spell, magical formula, incantation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Celtiberian<\/th>\n<td><strong>*bruxtia<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>brixtia<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bricht<\/strong> = charm, spell, incantation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bricht<\/strong> = incanation, charm, magic spell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>briocht<\/strong> = charm, spell, amulet<br \/>\n<strong>briocht s\u00ed<\/strong> = fairy charm<br \/>\n<strong>briocht a chanadh<\/strong> = to chant a spell<br \/>\n<strong>briocht dra\u00edochta<\/strong> = magic spell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*bri\u03b8<\/strong> [\u02c8bri\u02d0\u03b8] = charm, incantation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td>lletu<strong>rith<\/strong>, lled<strong>rith<\/strong>, led<strong>ryth<\/strong> = magic, spell, charm, enchantment<br \/>\n<strong>llethrithawc, lledrithyawc, lleturithawc<\/strong> = magic, magical, enchanted<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td>lled<strong>(f)rith<\/strong> = magic, spell, charm, enchantment; apparition, spectre, phantom; illusion, delusion, fantasy, imagination<br \/>\n<strong>lledrithaid<\/strong> = pretence, dissembling, deception<br \/>\n<strong>lledrithiaf, lledrithio<\/strong> = to counterfeit, fake, pretend, simulate<br \/>\n<strong>lledrithiog<\/strong> = magic, magical, enchanted<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>brith<\/strong> = charm, incantation (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bre<\/strong> = incantation, magic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*b\u02b0erH\u01f5-<\/em> (enlighten). Words that probably come from the same Proto-Celtic root, via the Celtiberian <strong>*bruxtia<\/strong>, include <strong>bruja<\/strong> (witch, crone, hag, owl) in Spanish, <strong>bruxa<\/strong> (witch, hex) in Galician, <strong>bruxa<\/strong> (witch) in Portuguese, and <strong>bruixa<\/strong> (witch) in Catalan [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/brixt%C4%81\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dru\u00eddecht, dra\u00eddecht<\/strong> = magic, wizardry, secret lore and arts of the druids<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dru\u00eddecht, dra\u00eddecht, dr\u00e1oidheachd<\/strong> = secret lore and arts of the druids, occult science, wizardry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dr\u00edocht<\/strong> [\u02c8d\u032a\u02e0\u027e\u02e0ihaxt\u032a\u02e0\u0259] = druidic art, druidism, witchcraft, magic, charm, enchantment<br \/>\n<strong>dra\u00edochtach<\/strong> = magical, bewitching, entrancing<br \/>\n<strong>dra\u00edocht\u00fail<\/strong> = magic, magical<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>draoidheachd<\/strong> [dr\u026fj\u0259xg] = magic, socery, druidism<br \/>\n<strong>eun-draoidheachd<\/strong> = augury<br \/>\n<strong>slat-draoidheachd<\/strong> = magic wand\/td&gt;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>druaight<\/strong> = charm, druid<br \/>\n<strong>druaightagh<\/strong> = charmer, charming, druid, magician, occult<br \/>\n<strong>druaightys<\/strong> = charming, druid, druidism, magic<br \/>\n<strong>fo druaight<\/strong> = charmed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>derwyddiaeth<\/strong> [d\u025br\u02c8w\u0259\u00f0ja\u0268\u032f\u03b8\/d\u025br\u02c8w\u0259\u00f0jai\u032f\u03b8] = druidism, the druid cult<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kerneweg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>drewydhieth<\/strong> = druidism<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>drouizelezh \/ drouiziezh<\/strong> = druidism<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: these words come from the same roots as words for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/02\/23\/druids\/\">druid<\/a>.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ortha<\/strong> = prayer, incantation, spell, charm<br \/>\n<strong>or\u00e1it<\/strong> = prayer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ortha, \u00f3rtha<\/strong> = prayer, incantation, spell, charm<br \/>\n<strong>orthanach<\/strong> = of prayers, wont to pray<br \/>\n<strong>or\u00f3it, or\u00e1it, or\u00e1id, oraoid<\/strong> = prayer, speech, oration<br \/>\n<strong>anor\u00e1it, an\u00f3r\u00e1id<\/strong> = curse<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ortha<\/strong> = incantation, spell, charm, prayer<br \/>\n<strong>im ortha<\/strong> = unsalted butter used in charm-cure<br \/>\n<strong>\u00f3r\u00e1id<\/strong> = oration, speech, address<br \/>\n<strong>\u00f3r\u00e1ideach<\/strong> = oratorical, declamatory.<br \/>\n<strong>\u00f3r\u00e1id\u00ed<\/strong> = orator, speech-maker<br \/>\n<strong>\u00f3r\u00e1id\u00edocht<\/strong> = oratory, speech-making<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ortha<\/strong> [\u0254r\u032a\u02e0\u0259] = incantation, (magical) prayer, amulet<br \/>\n<strong>ortha-bh\u00e0is<\/strong> = death incantation<br \/>\n<strong>ortha-ghr\u00e0idh<\/strong> = love amulet \/ charm<br \/>\n<strong>\u00f2raid<\/strong> [\u0254\u02d0r\u026ad\u02b2] = address, speech, lecture, talk<br \/>\n<strong>\u00f2raidiche<\/strong> [\u0254\u02d0r\u026ad\u02b2\u026a\u00e7\u0259] = lecturer, orator, speechmaker<br \/>\n<strong>\u00f2raidearachd<\/strong> = oratory<br \/>\n<strong>talla-\u00f2raid<\/strong> = lecture hall \/ theatre<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>oraid<\/strong> = address, oration, speech<br \/>\n<strong>oraatagh<\/strong> = orator, speaker, oratorial<br \/>\n<strong>oraataght<\/strong> = oration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ar\u1ecdd<\/strong> = prayer, oration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh (Kembraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>araut<\/strong> = speech, language, eloquence, address, oration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ara\u1efdd, arawt, ara\u1efdt, arawd<\/strong> = speech, language, eloquence, address, oration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>arawd<\/strong> = speech, language, eloquence, address, oration, utterance, report, eulogy, prayer<br \/>\n<strong>arawduriaeth<\/strong> = oratory, rhetoric<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>areth<\/strong> = speech, oration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kerneweg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>areth<\/strong> = lecture, oration, speech<br \/>\n<strong>arethek<\/strong> = rhetorical<br \/>\n<strong>arethor, arethores<\/strong> = lecturer, orator, speaker<br \/>\n<strong>arethva<\/strong> = platform<br \/>\n<strong>arethya<\/strong> = to lecture<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Latin <em>\u014dr\u0101ti\u014d<\/em> (speech, discourse, language, oration), from <em>\u014dr\u014d<\/em> (to speak as an orator, plead, pray) from Latin <em>\u014ds, \u014dris<\/em> (mouth), or from Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2082er-<\/em> (to pronounce a ritual) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/oratio#Latin\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<p>The words for prayer and oration come from this Latin root, and the words for charm and incantation may do as well [<a href=\"https:\/\/dil.ie\/search?q=ortha&#038;search_in=headword\">source<\/a>]. The Brythonic words come via Vulgar Latin <em>*ar\u0101ti\u014d<\/em> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic\/ar%E1%BB%8Dd\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same roots include <strong>oration<\/strong> in English, <strong>oraci\u00f3n<\/strong> (oration, sentence, clause, prayer) in Spanish, and <strong>oratorio<\/strong> (oratory, oratorio, oratorical, solemn) in Italian.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>s\u00e9n<\/strong> = blessing, charm, incantation, omen, prosperity, sign, snare<br \/>\n<strong>s\u00e9naid<\/strong> = to bless, charm (with spell), deny, reject, repudiate, sign<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>s\u00e9n, seon, se\u00fan, sena, s\u00e9na<\/strong> = sign, omen, augury, portent, incantation, charm, blessing, good luck, prosperity, happiness<br \/>\n<strong>s\u00e9naid, seanaidh<\/strong> = to mark with a sign, bless, put a spell on, put a charm on<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>s\u00e9an<\/strong> [\u0283e\u02d0n\u02e0] = sign, omen, good luck, prosperity; to mark with a sign, to bless<br \/>\n<strong>s\u00e9anaire<\/strong> = diviner, augur<br \/>\n<strong>s\u00e9anaireacht<\/strong> = divination, augury<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>seun<\/strong> [\u0283i\u0259n] = charm, magic invocation, protective spell<br \/>\n<strong>seunach<\/strong> [\u0283i\u0259n\u0259x] = charming, enchanting, charm-like<br \/>\n<strong>seunadair<\/strong> [\u0283i\u0259n\u0259d\u026ar\u02b2] = enchanter<br \/>\n<strong>seunadaireachd<\/strong> [\u0283i\u0259n\u0259d\u026ar\u02b2\u0259xg] = conjuring, enchanting<br \/>\n<strong>seunail<\/strong> [\u0283i\u0259nal] = charmed, magical, happy, prosperous<br \/>\n<strong>seunmhorachd<\/strong> [\u0283i\u0259nv\u0259r\u0259xg] = magical power(s)<br \/>\n<strong>seunta<\/strong> [\u0283i\u0259n\u032a\u02e0d\u0259] = charmed, enchanted<br \/>\n<strong>seuntachan<\/strong> [\u0283i\u0259nd\u0259xan] = charm, enchantment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sheean<\/strong> = charm, fortune<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*su\u0268\u0263n<\/strong> = spell, incantation (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>swyn, suen, <\/strong> = spell, incantation, sorcery, witchcraft, magic, remedy, charm<br \/>\n<strong>swyno, suyno<\/strong> = to charm, fascinate, allure, cast a spell (on), bewitch<br \/>\n<strong>swynedig, s\u1efdynedic, swynedic<\/strong> = charmed, fascinated, charming, bewitched, blessed, happy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>swyn<\/strong> [su\u02d0\u0268\u032fn \/ s\u028ai\u032fn] = spell, incantation, sorcery, witchcraft, magic, remedy, charm<br \/>\n<strong>swyn(i)o<\/strong> = to charm, fascinate, allure, cast a spell (on), bewitch, divine, bless, protect<br \/>\n<strong>swynaidd<\/strong> = charming, enchanting<br \/>\n<strong>swynedig<\/strong> = charmed, fascinated, charming, bewitched, blessed, happy<br \/>\n<strong>swynwr, swynydd<\/strong> = sorcerer, magician, bewitcher, soothsayer<br \/>\n<strong>swynyddiaeth<\/strong> = sorcery, witchcraft, magic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sona, sone<\/strong> = to bless, hallow, sanctify, consecrate, charm<br \/>\n<strong>zona<\/strong> = to charm, hallow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kerneweg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sona<\/strong> = to bless, charm<br \/>\n<strong>sonell<\/strong> = charm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>saouzan<\/strong> = disorientation, bewilderment, stupor, hypnosis<br \/>\n<strong>saouzanan, saouzana\u00f1<\/strong> = to disorientate, hypnotise, go astray, misplace<br \/>\n<strong>saouzanidigezh<\/strong> = hypnotism<br \/>\n<strong>saouzanus<\/strong> = hypnotic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Latin <em>signum<\/em> (sign, mark, signal, miracle), from Proto-Italic <em>*seknom<\/em> (sign, statue), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*sek- (to cut)<\/em> or <\/em> *sek\u02b7-<\/em> (to follow). [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/swyn#Welsh\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<p>Words from the same roots include <strong>sign<\/strong> and <strong>signal<\/strong> in English, <strong>se\u00f1a<\/strong> (sign, indication, gesture) and <strong>sino<\/strong> (destiny, fate, lot) in Spanish, and <strong>Segen<\/strong> (blessing) in German [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/signum#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*soitos. *soyto-<\/strong> = magic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*h\u0289d<\/strong> = magic, charm<br \/>\n<strong>h\u0289dol<\/strong> = charming, illusory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hut, hud<\/strong> = magic, wizardry, sorcery, witchcraft<br \/>\n<strong>h\u00fbdadwy, hydadwy<\/strong> = persuasive, enticing, seducible<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hud<\/strong> [h\u0268\u02d0d\/hi\u02d0d] = magic, wizardry, sorcery, witchcraft, spell, enchantment, charm, fascination, allurement, persuasion<br \/>\n<strong>hudadwy<\/strong> = persuasive, enticing, seducible<br \/>\n<strong>hudaf, hudo<\/strong> = to fashion or produce by magic, conjure, cast a spell upon, enchant, charm, entice, allure, persuade, seduce, beguile<br \/>\n<strong>hudaidd<\/strong> = alluring, charming, seductive<br \/>\n<strong>hudol<\/strong> = charming, enchanting, enticing, alluring, illusory, deceptive, deceitful<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>hudol<\/strong> = charming, illusory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>huder<\/strong> = a deceiver, hypocritic, juggler, sorcerer<br \/>\n<strong>hudol<\/strong> = sorcerer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kerneweg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hus<\/strong> = charm, enchantment, illusion, magic, sorcery, spell<br \/>\n<strong>husa<\/strong> = to charm, create an illusion, enchant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hud<\/strong> = magic<br \/>\n<strong>hudek, hudel<\/strong> = magic, magical<br \/>\n<strong>hudi\u00f1<\/strong> = to charm, enchant, bewitch, delight<br \/>\n<strong>hudour<\/strong> = magician, wizard<br \/>\n<strong>hudouriezh<\/strong> = magic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>hud<\/strong> = magic<br \/>\n<strong>hudek<\/strong> = magic, magical<br \/>\n<strong>hudour<\/strong> = magician, wizard<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-Etymology <em>*sh\u2082oy-t\u00f3-s<\/em> (magic), from <em>*sh\u2082ey<\/em> (to bind, fetter) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic\/h%CA%89d\">source<\/a>]. Words from the same PIE roots include <strong>sei\u00f0ur<\/strong> (magic, witchcraft, sorcery) in Icelandic, <strong>sejd<\/strong> (sorcery, witchcraft, magic potion) in Swedish, and <strong>seid<\/strong> (magic) in Norwegian [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/soyt%C3%B3s\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pis(e)\u00f3c<\/strong> = charm, spell, sorcery, witchcraft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>piseog<\/strong> = charm, spell, superstition<br \/>\n<strong>piseogach<\/strong> = practising charms or spells, superstitious<br \/>\n<strong>piseogacht<\/strong> = superstitious practices<br \/>\n<strong>piseoga\u00ed<\/strong> = charm-setter, superstitious person<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pisreag<\/strong> [\u0283i\u0259n] = charm, spell, ensorcellment, sorcery, superstition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pishag<\/strong> = charm, incantation, spell, witchcraft<br \/>\n<strong>pishagagh<\/strong> = incantatory, magical, sorcerer, superstitious<br \/>\n<strong>pishagys<\/strong> = enchantment, magic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pystyc<\/strong> = witchery, magic, sorcery<br \/>\n<strong>pystry<\/strong> = witchcraft, magic, sorcery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kerneweg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pystri<\/strong> = magic, sorcery<br \/>\n<strong>pystrier<\/strong> = sorcerer, warlock, wizard<br \/>\n<strong>pystriores<\/strong> = sorcereress<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: probably from Latin <em>pyxis<\/em> (a small box, for holding medicines or toiletries), from Ancient Greek <em>\u03c0\u03c5\u03be\u03af\u03c2<\/em> (pux\u00eds &#8211; box, tablet, cylinder), from <em>\u03c0\u1fe0\u0301\u03be\u03bf\u03c2<\/em> (p\u00faxos &#8211; boxwood) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/piseog#Irish\">source<\/a>]. The Hibero-English word <strong>piseog<\/strong> (an evil spell, curse) comes from the same roots, via Irish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/piseog#English\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>airnigde<\/strong> [\u02c8ar\u0348\u02b2n\u0348\u02b2i\u0263\u02b2\u00f0\u02b2e] = prayer, praying<br \/>\n<strong>ar\u00b7neget<\/strong> = to pray<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>airnigde, airnaigde, airna(i)gthe, urnaidhi, urnaith<\/strong> = praying, prayer<br \/>\n<strong>airnaigid, ernaigit<\/strong> = to pray<br \/>\n<strong>airnaigthech, ernaigtech, urnaigtheach<\/strong> = prayerful, devout<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>urna\u00ed<\/strong> [u\u02d0\u027e\u02e0\u02c8n\u032a\u02e0i\u02d0 \/ \u02c8\u028c\u027e\u02e0n\u032a\u02e0i] = praying, prayer<br \/>\n<strong>urnaitheach<\/strong> = prayful, devout<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00f9rnaigh<\/strong> [ur\u032a\u02e0n\u032a\u02b2\u026a] = praying, prayer<br \/>\n<strong>\u00f9rnaigheach<\/strong> [ur\u032a\u02e0n\u032a\u02b2ij\u0259x] = pertaining to or abounding in prayers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>yeearree<\/strong> = prayer, request, urge, wish, desire, aspiration; to solicit, importune<br \/>\n<strong>yeearreeagh<\/strong> =  wistful, soliciting, yearning<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: uncertain [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/airnigde#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>paitir, paidear<\/strong> = the Lord&#8217;s Prayer, paternoster<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>paidir<\/strong> [\u02c8p\u02e0\u0251d\u02b2\u0259\u027e\u02b2 \/ \u02c8p\u02e0\u00e6d\u02b2\u0259\u027e\u02b2] = Paternoster, prayer<br \/>\n<strong>An Phaidir, Paidir an Tiarna<\/strong> = the Lord&#8217;s Prayer<br \/>\n<strong>paidreoireacht<\/strong> = praying<br \/>\n<strong>paidr\u00edn<\/strong> = Rosary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>paidir<\/strong> [pad\u02b2\u026ar\u02b2] = the Lord&#8217;s Prayer, Pater Noster, rosary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>padjer<\/strong> [\u02c8pa\u02d0\u0292\u0259r] = prayer, devotion<br \/>\n<strong>Padjer y \u00c7hiarn<\/strong> = the Lord&#8217;s Prayer<br \/>\n<strong>goaill padjer<\/strong> = to pray, prayer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Latin <em>pater<\/em> (father), the first word of the Lord&#8217;s Prayer in Latin (<em>Pater noster<\/em>) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/paiter#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\"\nalt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today we\u2019re looking at words for magic, spells, charms, prayers and related things in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *brixt\u0101 = spell, magical formula, incantation Celtiberian *bruxtia Gaulish brixtia Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) bricht = charm, spell, incantation Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) bricht = incanation, charm, magic spell Irish (Gaeilge) briocht = charm, spell, amulet briocht s\u00ed = fairy [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,101,17,26,19,20,24,25,65,21,83,3,22,5,6,37,7,113,27,8,9,10,40,93,11,12,13,23,82,64,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7025","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-catalan-catala","category-celtiberian","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-galician","category-gaulish","category-icelandic-islenska","category-gaeilge-irish","category-italian-italiano","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-norwegian-norsk","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-portuguese-portugues","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-swedish-svenska","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7025","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7025"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7025\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8226,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7025\/revisions\/8226"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7025"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7025"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7025"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}