{"id":7012,"date":"2022-12-09T15:00:08","date_gmt":"2022-12-09T15:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=7012"},"modified":"2022-12-09T15:00:09","modified_gmt":"2022-12-09T15:00:09","slug":"prison","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/12\/09\/prison\/","title":{"rendered":"Prison"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Today we\u2019re looking at words for <strong>prisions<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/myfanwyx\/1809045031\/in\/photolist-5rQmex-84mD9z-2k2St9d-hL6SF3-hL7eYS-yXtyH-6q6QBX-3KRQ4z-6NPAEL-6NPzr7\" title=\"Carchar Lisbon \/ Lisbon Prison\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/2116\/1809045031_4abc78b23a_z.jpg\" alt=\"Carchar Lisbon \/ Lisbon Prison\" width=\"640\" height=\"380\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>carcar<\/strong> [\u02c8karkar] = prison, captivity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>carcar<\/strong> = prison, captivity, bondage, strong-room<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>carcair<\/strong> [\u02c8ka\u027e\u02e0k\u0259\u027e\u02b2] = prison, place of confinement; stall, pen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>carcair<\/strong> [karxg\u025br\u02b2] = prison, coffer, sink, sewer, hermit\u2019s cell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>carchyr<\/strong> = imprisonment, jail<br \/>\n<strong>carchyragh<\/strong> = gaolbird, prisoner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*karxar<\/strong> = prison, jail<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>karchar, carchar, carcar<\/strong> = prison, gaol<br \/>\n<strong>karcharaur, carcharawr<\/strong> = prisoner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>carchar<\/strong> [\u02c8kar\u03c7ar] = prison, gaol, pen, stable, bond, fetter, band, chain, hobble, restriction, obstruction, impediment, constipation<br \/>\n<strong>carcharbwll<\/strong> = dungeon, prison-pit<br \/>\n<strong>carchardy<\/strong> = prison house, gaol<br \/>\n<strong>carchardig<\/strong> = imprisoned, incarcerated, confined<br \/>\n<strong>carchardigaeth<\/strong> = imprisonment, confinement<br \/>\n<strong>carchargell<\/strong> = prison cell<br \/>\n<strong>carchariad<\/strong> = imprisonment, confinement<br \/>\n<strong>carchariad, carcharor<\/strong> = prisoner<br \/>\n<strong>carcharu<\/strong> = to imprison, impound, confine, shackle, fetter, hobble, restrict, obstruct<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>carhar<\/strong> = jail, prison<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>carchar, charc\u2019har, karc\u2019har<\/strong> = prison, jail<br \/>\n<strong>karc\u2019haria\u00f1<\/strong> = to imprison<br \/>\n<strong>karc\u2019hariadigezh<\/strong> = imprisonment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>karc\u2019har<\/strong> = dungeon<br \/>\n<strong>karc\u2019harel<\/strong> = prison<br \/>\n<strong>karc\u2019haria\u00f1<\/strong> = to imprison<br \/>\n<strong>karc\u2019hariadigezh<\/strong> = imprisonment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Latin <em>carcer<\/em> (prison, jail, jailbird, beginning, starting gate), from Proto-Italic <em>*karkos<\/em> (enclosure, barrier), from PIE <em>*kr\u0325-kr\u0325-<\/em> (circular), a reduplication of <em>*(s)ker-<\/em> (to turn, bend) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/carcer#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same Latin root include <strong>incarcerate<\/strong> in English, <strong>carcere<\/strong> (jail, prison, imprisonment) in Italian, <strong>c\u00e1rcere<\/strong> (jail, prison) in Portuguese, <strong>kerker<\/strong> (dungeon) in Dutch, and <strong>\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0440<\/strong> (lockup, punishment cell, sweatbox) in Russian [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/carcer#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>English words from the same PIE roots include <strong>circle<\/strong>, <strong>circus<\/strong>, <strong>corona<\/strong>, <strong>crisp<\/strong>, <strong>cross<\/strong>, <strong>crown<\/strong> and <strong>ring<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Category:English_terms_derived_from_the_Proto-Indo-European_root_*(s)ker-_(turn)\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pr\u00eds\u00fan, br\u00eds\u00fan<\/strong> = prison<br \/>\n<strong>pr\u00eds\u00fantacht<\/strong> = imprisonment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pr\u00edos\u00fan<\/strong> [\u02c8p\u02b2\u027e\u02b2i\u02d0s\u02e0u\u02d0n\u032a\u02e0] = prison, imprisonment<br \/>\n<strong>pr\u00edos\u00fanach<\/strong> = prisoner<br \/>\n<strong>pr\u00edos\u00fanacht<\/strong> = imprisonment<br \/>\n<strong>pr\u00edos\u00fanaigh<\/strong> = to imprison<br \/>\n<strong>pr\u00edos\u00fan\u00fa<\/strong> = imprisonment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pr\u00ecosan<\/strong> [pr\u02b2i\u02d0s\u0259n] = prison, jail<br \/>\n<strong>pr\u00ecosanach<\/strong> = prisoner<br \/>\n<strong>pr\u00ecosanachadh<\/strong> = imprisoning, incarcerating<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pryssoon<\/strong> = brig, gaol, glasshouse, jail, lock-up, penitentiary, prison, clink<br \/>\n<strong>pryssoonagh<\/strong> = captive, detainee, internee, prisoner<br \/>\n<strong>pryssoonaght<\/strong> = detention, imprisonment, incarceration<br \/>\n<strong>pryssooneyder<\/strong> = gaoler imprisoner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>prison<\/strong> = gaol, jail, prison<br \/>\n<strong>prisonya<\/strong> = to imprison, incarcerate<br \/>\n<strong>prisonyans<\/strong> = imprisonment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>prizon<\/strong> = prison, jail<br \/>\n<strong>prizoniad<\/strong> = prisoner, detained<br \/>\n<strong>prizoniadur, prizonierezh<\/strong> = imprisonment<br \/>\n<strong>prizon(i)a\u00f1<\/strong> = to imprison<br \/>\n<strong>prizon(i)er<\/strong> = prisoner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>prizon<\/strong> = prison, jail<br \/>\n<strong>prizoniad<\/strong> = prisoner, detained<br \/>\n<strong>prizonia\u00f1<\/strong> = to imprison<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Middle English <em>prisoun<\/em> (prison, jail, dungeon), from the Anglo-Norman <em>pris(o)un<\/em> (prison, jail, dungeon), from the Old French <em>prison<\/em> (prison) from the Latin <em>prehensi\u014d<\/em> (seizing, apprehending, arresting, capturing), from <em>prehend\u014d<\/em> (to seize). The Breton probably comes directly from Old French [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/pr%C3%ADs%C3%BAn#Middle_Irish\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today we\u2019re looking at words for prisions and related things in Celtic languages. Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) carcar [\u02c8karkar] = prison, captivity Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) carcar = prison, captivity, bondage, strong-room Irish (Gaeilge) carcair [\u02c8ka\u027e\u02e0k\u0259\u027e\u02b2] = prison, place of confinement; stall, pen Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig) carcair [karxg\u025br\u02b2] = prison, coffer, sink, sewer, hermit\u2019s cell Manx (Gaelg) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[116,16,26,81,19,21,83,3,36,22,5,6,77,37,7,27,78,10,11,13,60,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anglo-norman-norman","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-dutch-nederlands","category-english","category-gaeilge-irish","category-italian-italiano","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-english-englisch","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-french-franceis","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-indo-european","category-proto-italic","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7012","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7012"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7012\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7014,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7012\/revisions\/7014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7012"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}