{"id":6989,"date":"2022-11-17T14:33:11","date_gmt":"2022-11-17T14:33:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6989"},"modified":"2022-11-17T14:33:12","modified_gmt":"2022-11-17T14:33:12","slug":"hooks-and-crooks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/11\/17\/hooks-and-crooks\/","title":{"rendered":"Hooks and Crooks"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Today we\u2019re looking at <strong>hooks<\/strong>, <strong>crooks<\/strong> and related words in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/jurek_durczak\/2428504422\/in\/photolist-4GAHKU-2jPt1AG-5Fc1od-3qF8Vm-5TePZU-aTYTLT-9ogE3h-4swq-4FE7hP-6xv1Hc-8Vzrey-9ZgSNS-khSot3-5UAuc-2jAt9xN-CE36x-7zEpFk-oJkAW-a3pBJD-riek5W-coNV-i2gfv-5fa8t9-nSs8T6-8rT9mm-5f5KWk-5fa8zd-5fEEyj-RPtEVy-KzWev-P3DDL-8T156d-2hnXjsE-2jg1JZm-fB1vKz-4Pmh8i-2jcsf1f-pY1rmf-2eJn9mi-5rWiKY-pvSd9L-CqYRde-qjUCWJ-vxTA5-fBfP77-5fa8tS-aCQ7r-2intEvW-2mLNc7z-CzPQPK\" title=\"Hook\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/2286\/2428504422_9447a50765_z.jpg\" alt=\"Hook\" width=\"640\" height=\"441\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*bakkos<\/strong> = hook, (curved) stick<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bacc<\/strong> = angle, bill-hook, corner, hindrance, mattock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bac<\/strong> = balk, hindrance, barrier, mattock, bend (in a river), (door) step<br \/>\n<strong>bacadh<\/strong> = to balk, hindrance<br \/>\n<strong>bacainn<\/strong> = barrier, obstruction, obstacle, blocking<br \/>\n<strong>bacainneach<\/strong> = barring, obstructing, blocking<br \/>\n<strong>bac\u00e1n<\/strong> = hinge-hook, crook, peg<br \/>\n<strong>bac\u00e1nach<\/strong> = crooke, hinged<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bac<\/strong> [baxg] = hindering, impeding, obstructing, restraining, restricting, hindrance<br \/>\n<strong>bacadh<\/strong> = to hinder, impede, obstruct, restain, restrict, ban<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bac<\/strong> = balk, disability, disqualification, drawback, handicap, moratorium, objection, obstacle, pull back, snag, trap<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh<\/th>\n<td><strong>bach<\/strong> = hook, grapple, mattock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bach<\/strong> = hook, grapple, mattock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bach<\/strong> [ba\u02d0\u03c7] = hook, grapple, mattock, hoe, fish hook, shepherd\u2019s crook; hinge, pivot; nook, angle, corner, bend<br \/>\n<strong>bachiad<\/strong> = a hooking, turning, curving, winding, bending<br \/>\n<strong>bachog<\/strong> = hooked, barded, grabbing, grasping, greedy<br \/>\n<strong>bachogrwydd<\/strong> = hookedness, crookedness, incisiveness<br \/>\n<strong>bachol<\/strong> = hooking, grappling, grabbing, grasping, greedy<br \/>\n<strong>bachu<\/strong> = to hook, anchor, connect, attach, fasten<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bah<\/strong> = hook, hinge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bagh<\/strong> = hook<br \/>\n<strong>bagha<\/strong> = to trap<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>bah<\/strong> = hook<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bach, bac\u2019h<\/strong> = hook for uprooting potatoes or seaweed, big hook<br \/>\n<strong>bac\u2019hig<\/strong> = little fang, hook, staple<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bac\u2019h<\/strong> = (fish) hook<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*bak-<\/em> (peg, club) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/bakkos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE root include <strong>bachall<\/strong> (crook, crozier) in Irish, <strong>bagl<\/strong> (crook, crozier) in Welsh, <strong>pail<\/strong> in English, and possibly <strong>bok<\/strong> (side, flank, hip) in Czech, Polish and Slovak [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/bak-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today we\u2019re looking at hooks, crooks and related words in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *bakkos = hook, (curved) stick Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) bacc = angle, bill-hook, corner, hindrance, mattock Irish (Gaeilge) bac = balk, hindrance, barrier, mattock, bend (in a river), (door) step bacadh = to balk, hindrance bacainn = barrier, obstruction, obstacle, blocking bacainneach = [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,75,19,20,21,3,22,5,6,7,27,8,10,40,105,12,13,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6989","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-czech-cestina","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-polish-polski","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6989","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6989"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6989\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6992,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6989\/revisions\/6992"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6989"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6989"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6989"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}