{"id":6981,"date":"2022-11-10T17:56:49","date_gmt":"2022-11-10T17:56:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6981"},"modified":"2022-11-10T17:56:50","modified_gmt":"2022-11-10T17:56:50","slug":"up-above","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/11\/10\/up-above\/","title":{"rendered":"Up Above"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Today we\u2019re looking at <strong>up<\/strong>, <strong>over<\/strong>, <strong>above<\/strong> and related words in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/27355995345\/in\/album-72157626541135224\/\" title=\"The Crowded Summit of Snowdon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/7056\/27355995345_5a9f72b476_z.jpg\" alt=\"The Crowded Summit of Snowdon\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><br \/>\n<em>A quiet day on the summit of Snowden \/ Dydd tawel ar gopa\u2019r Wyddfa<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ouxsos<\/strong> = above<br \/>\n<strong>*ouxselos<\/strong> = high, elevated<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>*uxelos<\/strong> = high, elevated<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00faas<\/strong> [u\u02d0a\u032fs] = above, over<br \/>\n<strong>an\u00faas<\/strong> [a\u02c8n\u0348u\u02d0a\u032fs] = from above<br \/>\n<strong>s\u00faas<\/strong> = up, upwards, back (in time), forward on (in time),<br \/>\n<strong>t\u00faas<\/strong> = up, above, of heaven, above (mentioned)<br \/>\n<strong>\u00faasal<\/strong> = high, lofty, noble, high-born, gallant, genteel, honourable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>suas<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0261a\u027e\u02b2\u0259m\u02b2\/\u02c8\u0261\u026a\u027e\u02b2\u0259m\u02b2] = up, to higher place or station, at, towards, a high level, to the south, onwards, backwards, on high, risen<br \/>\n<strong>anuas<\/strong> = down (from above)<br \/>\n<strong>thuas<\/strong> = up, in higher place, in the south, put up, on top, successful, profiting<br \/>\n<strong>uasal<\/strong> [\u02c8u\u0259s\u02e0\u0259l\u02e0] = noble, high-born, aristocratic, gentle, gallant, genteel, lofty, precious, fine, hallowed, enchanted, inhabited by fairies<br \/>\n<strong>na huaisle<\/strong> the good people, the fairies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>suas<\/strong> [su\u0259s] = up, upwards, upright, standing<br \/>\n<strong>shuas<\/strong> [hu\u0259s] = above, aloft up (location), upper<br \/>\n<strong>a-nuas<\/strong> [\u0259\u02c8n\u032a\u02e0u\u0259s] = down(wards) \/ up(wards) &#8211; towards the speaker<br \/>\n<strong>uasal<\/strong> [u\u0259s\u0259l\u032a\u02e0] = noble, nobleman, nobility, high-minded, genteel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>seose<\/strong> = heavenwards, up, upward, upwards<br \/>\n<strong>heose<\/strong> = above, aloft, up, upper<br \/>\n<strong>neose<\/strong> = down, downward, downwards<br \/>\n<strong>ooasle<\/strong> =  aristocratic, classy, creditable, dignified, esteemed, gentlemanly, goodly, highborn, honourable, illustrious, lofty, lordly, magnificent, noble, respected<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*\u0289x<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0289\u02d0x] = above, on top of, over<br \/>\n<strong>*\u0289xel<\/strong> [\u0289\u02c8x\u025b\u02d0l\u02d1] = high, elevated<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh<\/th>\n<td><strong>uuc<\/strong> = above, on top of, over<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>uch<\/strong> = above, on top of, over<br \/>\n<strong>uchel<\/strong> = shigh, tall, exalted<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>uwch<\/strong> [\u0268\u031eu\u032f\u03c7\/\u026au\u032f\u03c7] = above, on top of, over, on, beyond, in front of<br \/>\n<strong>uchel<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0268\u031e\u03c7\u025bl\/\u02c8i\u02d0\u03c7\u025bl] = high, tall, exalted, important, solemn, sublime, splendid, excellent, noble, stately, respectable, commendable<br \/>\n<strong>uchelder<\/strong> = high place, height, highness, nobility<br \/>\n<strong>uchelaf, uchelu<\/strong> = to raise, heighten, exalt, increase<br \/>\n<strong>uchelwr<\/strong> = landed, proprietor, freeholder, landlord, gentleman, nobelman, aristocrat, a superior<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>uhel<\/strong> = high, lofty, elevated<br \/>\n<strong>uhelder<\/strong> = height, highness<br \/>\n<strong>uhelle<\/strong> = to raise up on high, to exalt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>a-ugh<\/strong> = above<br \/>\n<strong>a-ugh dhe<\/strong> = over<br \/>\n<strong>ughel<\/strong> = high, grand, loud, tall<br \/>\n<strong>ughelder<\/strong> = height, loudness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>uh<\/strong> = on high<br \/>\n<strong>uchel<\/strong> = high<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>uc\u2019h<\/strong> = on high<br \/>\n<strong>uhel<\/strong> = high, noble, generous<br \/>\n<strong>uhelaat<\/strong> = to increase, rise in the sky, raise<br \/>\n<strong>uheladur<\/strong> = to shrug, enhancement<br \/>\n<strong>uhela\u00f1<\/strong> = the highest point<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>uhel<\/strong> [\u02c8y.\u025bl] = high, uphill, upstream<br \/>\n<strong>uhelaat<\/strong> = to promote<br \/>\n<strong>uc\u2019hek<\/strong> = maximal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2083ewpso-<\/em> (above) from <em>*h\u2083ewps-<\/em> (high, elevated) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/%C3%BAas#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today we\u2019re looking at up, over, above and related words in Celtic languages. A quiet day on the summit of Snowden \/ Dydd tawel ar gopa\u2019r Wyddfa Proto-Celtic *ouxsos = above *ouxselos = high, elevated Gaulish *uxelos = high, elevated Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) \u00faas [u\u02d0a\u032fs] = above, over an\u00faas [a\u02c8n\u0348u\u02d0a\u032fs] = from above s\u00faas = [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,19,20,25,21,3,22,5,6,7,27,8,10,40,11,12,13,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6981"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6981\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6984,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6981\/revisions\/6984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}