{"id":6888,"date":"2022-10-06T15:35:02","date_gmt":"2022-10-06T14:35:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6888"},"modified":"2024-02-11T17:57:35","modified_gmt":"2024-02-11T17:57:35","slug":"flour","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/10\/06\/flour\/","title":{"rendered":"Flour"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In this post we\u2019re looking into words for <strong>flour<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/biernack\/38552477024\/in\/photolist-21JKwgJ-Y9cKMw-qjktL-cp1ey-oM9rk2-jXKE7B-35ja2V-4eJyBv-dpJ7zr-ayJ7kv-8qVNah-b4UPPi-HwRz77-HwRBPS-35iK5-8kPnNa-8kSyUE-5QKcj2-LvTvyy-8kPnSX-aZWQiH-icanx3-ic9Wwn-c1fJW-icao93-643oKG-4JKygd-2sHyQt-bP8rwr-6aNiBL-6aJ9t2-6aNiYC-6aJa12-HEjQNb-f3547w-aps2JP-6aJ9Ha-6aJ9yv-6aNik9-6aJ9Ug-6aJ9Xn-bAdMwU-6aNipJ-6aJ9EH-dNTnYy-6aJ9Mv-rhnyG2-96Czeo-6aJaar-6aNiud\" title=\"Skiing slope of flour\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/4738\/38552477024_71554cb662_z.jpg\" alt=\"Skiing slope of flour\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ml\u0101tos<\/strong> = flour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>*blatos<\/strong> = flour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*bl\u1ecdd<\/strong> = flour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>blawd, bla\u1efct<\/strong> = flour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>blawd<\/strong> = flour, meal, powder<br \/>\n<strong>blawdaidd<\/strong> = mealy, floury, friable<br \/>\n<strong>blodiaf, blawdiaf, blawdio<\/strong> = to grind into meal, produce flour, become powdery, turn to dust, sprinkle (with) flour<br \/>\n<strong>blodiwr, blawdiwr<\/strong> = flour or meal merchant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>blot<\/strong> = flour, meal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>blot, bl\u00eas<\/strong> = flour, meal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bleus<\/strong> = flour<br \/>\n<strong>bleus hesken<\/strong> = sawdust<br \/>\n<strong>bleus leun<\/strong> = wholemeal<br \/>\n<strong>bleusa<\/strong> = to flour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>blot<\/strong> = flour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bleut<\/strong> = flour, powder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bleud<\/strong> = flour, powder<br \/>\n<strong>bleuda\u00f1<\/strong> = to flour<br \/>\n<strong>bleudek<\/strong> = floury<br \/>\n<strong>bleud brazed<\/strong> = wholemeal flour<br \/>\n<strong>bleud goellet<\/strong> = self-raising flour<br \/>\n<strong>bleud gwinizh<\/strong> = wheat flour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*ml\u0325h\u2082-t\u00f3-s<\/em>, from <em>*melh\u2082-<\/em> (to crush, grind) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/ml%C4%81tos\">source<\/a>]. Words from the same root include <strong>melancholy<\/strong> and <strong>melanin<\/strong> in English, and <strong>\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2<\/strong> (melan\u00f3s &#8211; black, dark, blue, bruised) in Greek [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/melh%E2%82%82-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (G\u00f3idelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>men<\/strong> = flour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>men, min<\/strong> = flour, meal, fine powder, dust<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>min<\/strong> [\u02c8m\u02b2\u026an\u02b2\/\u02c8m\u02b2\u0268\u031en\u02b2] = meal; powedered matter<br \/>\n<strong>min choirce<\/strong> = oatmeal<br \/>\n<strong>min chruithneachta<\/strong> = wheatmeal<br \/>\n<strong>min s\u00e1ibh<\/strong> = sawdust<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>min<\/strong> [min] = flour, meal, grounds, filings<br \/>\n<strong>min-fhl\u00f9ir<\/strong> = flour<br \/>\n<strong>min-e\u00f2rna<\/strong> = barley flour\/meal<br \/>\n<strong>min-sheagail<\/strong> = rye flour<br \/>\n<strong>min-chruithneachd<\/strong> = wheat flour<br \/>\n<strong>muileann-mine<\/strong> = flour mill<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>meinn<\/strong> = meal<br \/>\n<strong>meinn chorkey<\/strong> = oatmeal<br \/>\n<strong>meinn churnaght<\/strong> = wheatmeal flour<br \/>\n<strong>meinn hoggyl<\/strong> = rye meal<br \/>\n<strong>meinn oarn<\/strong> = barley meal<br \/>\n<strong>meinn saaue<\/strong> = sawdust<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: unknown<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>peyllyeyt, peillit<\/strong> = flour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>paill<\/strong> = pollen, flour<br \/>\n<strong>peill(i)aid<\/strong> = flour, fine flour, wheat flour, white flour, powder<br \/>\n<strong>peilliaid gwenith<\/strong> = (fine) wheat flour<br \/>\n<strong>peilliaid haidd<\/strong> = barley flour<br \/>\n<strong>peilliaid rhyg<\/strong> = rye flour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Latin <em>pollen<\/em> (fine flower, powder, dust), from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*pel-<\/em> (flour, dust) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/paill#Welsh\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same roots, via the Latin <em>pulvis<\/em> (dust, powder, ashes), include <strong>polve<\/strong> (dust, ashes) in Italian, <strong>polvo<\/strong> (dust, powder) in Spanish, <strong>poussi\u00e8re<\/strong> (dust) in French, and <strong>pulverise<\/strong> (to render into dust or powder) in English [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/pulvis#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pl\u00far<\/strong> [p\u02e0l\u02e0u\u02d0\u027e\u02e0] = flour, flower<br \/>\n<strong>pl\u00far geal<\/strong> = white flour<br \/>\n<strong>pl\u00far cruithneachta<\/strong> = wheaten flour<br \/>\n<strong>pl\u00farach<\/strong> = floury, farinaceous; flower-like, pretty<br \/>\n<strong>pl\u00faraigh<\/strong> = to effloresce<br \/>\n<strong>pl\u00far\u00f3g<\/strong> = pretty girl<br \/>\n<strong>pl\u00farscoth<\/strong> = choicest flower, pick, choice<br \/>\n<strong>pl\u00far\u00fa<\/strong> = efflorescence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fl\u00f9r<\/strong> [fl\u032a\u02e0u\u02d0r] = flour<br \/>\n<strong>fl\u00f9r lom<\/strong> = plain flour<br \/>\n<strong>fl\u00f9r-\u00e9irigh<\/strong> = self-raising flour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>flooyr<\/strong> = flour<br \/>\n<strong>flooyr churnaght<\/strong> = wheaten flour<br \/>\n<strong>grine-flooyr<\/strong> = cornflour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fflwr<\/strong> = flour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ffl\u0175r<\/strong> [flu\u02d0r], <strong>fflowr<\/strong> = flour (<em>in South Wales<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>ffl\u0175r can<\/strong> = wheat flour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Anglo-Norman <em>flur<\/em> (flower), from the Old French <em>flor<\/em> (flower), from the Latin <em>fl\u014drem<\/em> (flower), from <em>fl\u014ds<\/em> (flower, blossom), from Proto-Italic <em>*fl\u014ds<\/em> (flower, blossom), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*b\u02b0leh\u2083-<\/em> (flower, blossom) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/pl%C3%BAr\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE roots include <strong>flour<\/strong>, <strong>flower<\/strong>, <strong>flora<\/strong>, <strong>blossom<\/strong> and <strong>bloom<\/strong> in English, <strong>bl\u00e9<\/strong> (flour) and <strong>fleur<\/strong> (flower) in French, and <strong>blat<\/strong> (wheat) in Catalan [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/b%CA%B0leh%E2%82%83-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\"\nalt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this post we\u2019re looking into words for flour and related things in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *ml\u0101tos = flour Gaulish *blatos = flour Proto-Brythonic *bl\u1ecdd = flour Middle Welsh (Kymraec) blawd, bla\u1efct = flour Welsh (Cymraeg) blawd = flour, meal, powder blawdaidd = mealy, floury, friable blodiaf, blawdiaf, blawdio = to grind into meal, produce [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,116,16,101,26,19,20,96,44,25,21,3,36,22,5,6,37,7,27,8,78,10,11,12,13,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6888","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-anglo-norman-norman","category-breton","category-catalan-catala","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-food","category-french","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-french-franceis","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6888","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6888"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6888\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7946,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6888\/revisions\/7946"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6888"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6888"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6888"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}