{"id":6872,"date":"2022-09-30T16:41:10","date_gmt":"2022-09-30T15:41:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6872"},"modified":"2022-09-30T16:41:12","modified_gmt":"2022-09-30T15:41:12","slug":"foundations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/09\/30\/foundations\/","title":{"rendered":"Foundations"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>foundation<\/strong> and related words in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/zacturner\/13986467937\/in\/photolist-niWiCV-7c4hZN-2j6h6Md-9soaXu-8vBNPD-2jrSTX2-2jQ8Gsj-avaVs-2grSsyD-8TL3yZ-64QerG-2ixAs9S-8tVyPK-pQN3aP-H1q8NB-2fwfMQL-64QbVj-2j4NxSb-KZa4j-pxBAKr-5kKRra-TAC9Jh-pJD2HN-akPU8W-7tH6Ji-9Fn8sh-9bp83-2jkke9x-FCr3nK-6MCRET-8QaGKY-4kNYbg-22xXBeJ-2hYr3mD-9gS2R1-7tLWBs-4DLnP2-avaVr-8VA9XE-7tH5DT-euump-2mLdHux-5aapiD-9cahJ3-9gS3vC-64KVk4-7tLZr9-9gNVFv-5oZVEY-2g586Kx\" title=\"Foundations\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/2907\/13986467937_70aaef5e19_z.jpg\" alt=\"Foundations\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*bonus<\/strong> = foundation, base, butt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>*bona<\/strong> = foundation, base<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bun<\/strong> [bun] = base, bottom, butt, end<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bun<\/strong> [b\u02e0\u028an\u02e0\/b\u02e0\u028cn\u02e0] = base, bottom; stock, stump; lower end; extremity; basis origin; basic provision; settled state; source, direction; trace<br \/>\n<strong>bun\u00e1bhar<\/strong> = raw material; substance, main outlines<br \/>\n<strong>bunachar<\/strong> = base, foundation<br \/>\n<strong>bunadh<\/strong> = origin; stock, kind; native inhabitants; fundamental, basic<br \/>\n<strong>bunaigh<\/strong> = to found, establish<br \/>\n<strong>bunoscionn<\/strong> = upside down<br \/>\n<strong>bun\u00fa<\/strong> = foundation, establishment<br \/>\n<strong>bun\u00fas<\/strong> = origin, basis, foundation, settlement, substance, essence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bun<\/strong> [bun] = base, basis, bottom, foot; derivation, origin, source; butt, stub, stump; mouth (of a river)<br \/>\n<strong>bunach<\/strong> = squat\/sturdy person, stumps, stubble<br \/>\n<strong>bunachar<\/strong> = base, foundation, root<br \/>\n<strong>bunasach<\/strong> = original, basic, fundamental<br \/>\n<strong>bunachas<\/strong> = base, foundation, root<br \/>\n<strong>buntach<\/strong> = stocky, stout, truncated, broken off<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bun<\/strong> = author, basis, details, origin, original, prime, principle, raw material, stem, stool<br \/>\n<strong>bunneydagh<\/strong> = authoritative, basic, elemental, firsthand, fundamental, fundamentalist, original, primitive<br \/>\n<strong>bunneydys<\/strong> = basis, foundation, groundwork, origin, root<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bon<\/strong> = bottom, base<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>b\u00f4n<\/strong> [bo\u02d0n] = base, bottom, tree trunk, stump, stem, root<br \/>\n<strong>bondew<\/strong> = thick-based, fat-bottomed, broad-hipped, short and fat, fat-legged<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ben<\/strong> = stem, base, trunk, butt, end<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ben<\/strong> = trunk, base, foot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ben<\/strong> = mouth of a river<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>**b\u02b0uH-<\/em>  (to be, become) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/bonus\">source<\/a>]. English words from the same PIE root include to <strong>be<\/strong>, mori<strong>bund<\/strong> and possibly <strong>bunny<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/b%CA%B0uH-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for foundation and related words in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *bonus = foundation, base, butt Gaulish *bona = foundation, base Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) bun [bun] = base, bottom, butt, end Irish (Gaeilge) bun [b\u02e0\u028an\u02e0\/b\u02e0\u028cn\u02e0] = base, bottom; stock, stump; lower end; extremity; basis origin; basic provision; settled state; source, direction; trace bun\u00e1bhar = raw material; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,19,20,25,21,3,22,6,7,27,10,12,13,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6872","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6872"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6872\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6873,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6872\/revisions\/6873"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6872"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6872"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}