{"id":6832,"date":"2022-09-15T17:07:59","date_gmt":"2022-09-15T16:07:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6832"},"modified":"2022-09-15T17:08:00","modified_gmt":"2022-09-15T16:08:00","slug":"hammers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/09\/15\/hammers\/","title":{"rendered":"Hammers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>hammer<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages:<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/44456430@N04\/6814917044\/in\/photolist-bodepJ-p4YiY-e3oP9T-4F4yHu-9UYb58-4JWkkm-8ePgHi-dYWk3o-dYWkxE-6DxGSE-7Mpn9T-8kK7aq-bm76Ex-NXpCaG-2kMzkR8-jCQ9q-aH4Z2r-9hmm1w-2jvQyhJ-FcFG3y-di8DSc-di8Czm-di8CEd-di8CpA-5E1Xqz-fwLh5T-7xvEKH-4GyPH9-5yaCbm-HEmeNy-8V64VB-8d7Ho5-9bGcC6-4uKz3p-92gkw2-idP1tB-JHDGa-zoVih-fxDua2-8uzmUj-9GzLJN-awkn7G-fxDu86-awhDxp-awhE5Z-4WF3tC-a6Vp7t-dsh6sw-ZwPU-M5JTR9\" title=\"Hammer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/7190\/6814917044_bd20f467f9_z.jpg\" alt=\"Hammer\" width=\"640\" height=\"363\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ordos<\/strong> = hammer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>Ordo-vices<\/strong> = <em>placename, tribal name<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ord<\/strong> = hammer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ord<\/strong> [\u0259u\u027e\u02e0d\u032a\u02e0 \/ \u0254\u02d0\u027e\u02e0d\u032a\u02e0] = sledgehammer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00f2rd<\/strong> [\u0254\u02d0r\u032a\u02e0d] = hammer; cock, hammer (of a fireman): rounded but steep mountain<br \/>\n<strong>\u00f2rd-fiodha<\/strong> = mallet<br \/>\n<strong>\u00f2rd-ladhrach<\/strong> = claw hammer<br \/>\n<strong>\u00f2rd-m\u00f2r<\/strong> = sledgehammer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>oard<\/strong> = hammer, sledgehammer<br \/>\n<strong>oard inginagh<\/strong> = claw hammer<br \/>\n<strong>gaal-oard<\/strong> = steam hammer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*or\u00f0<\/strong> = hammer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ord, orth, yrd, or\u00f0<\/strong> = hammer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gordd<\/strong> [\u0261\u0254r\u00f0] = hammer, mallet, sledgehammer<br \/>\n<strong>gorddio<\/strong> = to hammer with a mallet, drive with a sledgehammer<br \/>\n<strong>gordd haearn<\/strong> = sledgehammer<br \/>\n<strong>gordd bren<\/strong> = wooden mallet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>ord<\/strong> = mallet, hammer,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>orz, horz<\/strong> = mallet, hammer,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>horzh<\/strong> = mallet, gavel, hammer, pestle<br \/>\n<strong>horzhig<\/strong> = sledgehammer<br \/>\n<strong>horzh-fuzuilh<\/strong> = rifle butt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2083erg-d\u02b0h\u2081o-<\/em>, from <em>*h\u2083erg-<\/em> (to perish) and <em>*d\u02b0eh\u2081- <\/em> (to do) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/ordos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ordov\u012bc\u0113s<\/strong> is the Latin name for a Celtic tribe who lived in what is now North Wales  (where I live) and nearby parts of England. In Common Brittonic there were known as <strong>*Ordow\u012bc\u012b<\/strong>. The Ordovician geological period (c. 485 &#8211; 443 million years ago) is named after them as rocks associated with that period were first found in their former territory by Charles Lapworth in 1879 [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ordovices\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cas\u00far<\/strong> [\u0259u\u027e\u02e0d\u032a\u02e0 \/ \u0254\u02d0\u027e\u02e0d\u032a\u02e0] = hammer<br \/>\n<strong>cas\u00far ladhrach<\/strong> = claw hammer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>casar<\/strong> [kas\u0259r] = small hammer, gavel, knocker<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>casoor<\/strong> = hammer (<em>of a gun<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Anglo-Norman <em>cassur<\/em>, from the Latin <em>quass\u014d<\/em> (I shake, quake, wave, flourish), from <em>quati\u014d<\/em> (I shake, agitate), from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*k\u02b7eh\u2081t-<\/em> (to shake) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/cas%C3%BAr\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same Latin roots include <strong>quash<\/strong> (to suppress, crush) in English, <strong>casser<\/strong> (to break) in French, and <strong>cascar<\/strong> (to crack, split, hit) in Spanish  [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/quasso#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*mor\u03b8ul<\/strong> = hammer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>morthol, morthwl, morthuyl, mwrthol, myrthwyl<\/strong> =  hammer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>morthwyl<\/strong> [\u02c8m\u0254r\u03b8u\u0268\u032fl \/ \u02c8m\u0254r\u03b8ui\u032fl] = hammer, mallet<br \/>\n<strong>morthwylio<\/strong> = to hammer, beat with a hammer, forge<br \/>\n<strong>morthwylwr<\/strong> = hammerer<br \/>\n<strong>morthwylfa<\/strong> = forge, smithy<br \/>\n<strong>morthwyl drws<\/strong> = door knocker<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>morthol<\/strong> = hammer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>morthol<\/strong> = hammer, beetle, maul<br \/>\n<strong>mortholya<\/strong> = to hammer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>morzol<\/strong> = hammer<br \/>\n<strong>morzol dor<\/strong> = door knocker<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>morzhol<\/strong> = hammer<br \/>\n<strong>morzholad<\/strong> = hammer blow<br \/>\n<strong>morzholat<\/strong> = to hammer<br \/>\n<strong>morzholer<\/strong> = hammerer, horthumper<br \/>\n<strong>morzholig<\/strong> = hammer<br \/>\n<strong>morzhol-dor, morzhol an nor<\/strong> = door knocker<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the British Latin <em>*mortulus<\/em>, from the Latin <em>martulus<\/em> (hammer), from <em>marculus<\/em> (small hammer), possibly from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*melh\u2082tlo-<\/em>, from <em>*melh\u2082-<\/em> (to grind) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/morthwyl\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for hammer and related things in Celtic languages: Proto-Celtic *ordos = hammer Gaulish Ordo-vices = placename, tribal name Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) ord = hammer Irish (Gaeilge) ord [\u0259u\u027e\u02e0d\u032a\u02e0 \/ \u0254\u02d0\u027e\u02e0d\u032a\u02e0] = sledgehammer Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig) \u00f2rd [\u0254\u02d0r\u032a\u02e0d] = hammer; cock, hammer (of a fireman): rounded but steep mountain \u00f2rd-fiodha = mallet \u00f2rd-ladhrach = claw [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,26,19,20,44,25,21,3,36,22,5,6,7,27,8,10,11,12,13,82,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6832","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-spanish-espanol","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6832","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6832"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6832\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6837,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6832\/revisions\/6837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6832"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6832"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6832"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}