{"id":6759,"date":"2022-08-18T13:33:19","date_gmt":"2022-08-18T12:33:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6759"},"modified":"2022-08-18T13:33:20","modified_gmt":"2022-08-18T12:33:20","slug":"waves","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/08\/18\/waves\/","title":{"rendered":"Waves"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>wave<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/44766333955\/in\/photolist-2i5dkDz-2cAR5t6-2bcRas4-CqE4Wg-ZLgDqN-FUqCZZ-TFuPKN-TxDdKx-AuTx8g\" title=\"Newquay\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/4852\/44766333955_af73a87320_z.jpg\" alt=\"Newquay\" width=\"640\" height=\"361\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*tund\u0101<\/strong> = wave, billow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tonn<\/strong> [ton\u0348] = wave, outpouring, sea, abundance, bog, swamp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tonn<\/strong> = wave, outpouring, sea, abundance, bog, swamp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tonn<\/strong> [t\u032a\u02e0\u0251un\u032a\u02e0\/t\u032a\u02e0u\u02d0n\u032a\u02e0\/t\u032a\u02e0\u028cn\u032a\u02e0] = wave<br \/>\n<strong>tonn tuile<\/strong> = tidal wave<br \/>\n<strong>tonn teasa<\/strong> = heat-wave<br \/>\n<strong>tonn turrainge<\/strong> = shock wave<br \/>\n<strong>tonnach<\/strong> = wavy, billowy<br \/>\n<strong>tonnadh<\/strong> = to wave, surge<br \/>\n<strong>tonn\u00e1il<\/strong> = waving, rippling, undulation<br \/>\n<strong>tonn\u00e1<\/strong> = wavelet, ripple<br \/>\n<strong>tonn\u00fail<\/strong> = wavy, undulating<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tonn<\/strong> [t\u0254un\u032a\u02e0] = wave, tilde, quantity of liquid, pile, heap<br \/>\n<strong>tonn-fuaime<\/strong> = soundwave<br \/>\n<strong>tonn-taomaidh, tonn-tuile<\/strong> = tidal wave<br \/>\n<strong>tonn-crithe<\/strong> = shockwave<br \/>\n<strong>tonnadh<\/strong> = undulating, undulation, vomiting<br \/>\n<strong>tonnan, tonnag<\/strong> = small wave<br \/>\n<strong>tonnach<\/strong> = waved, wavy<br \/>\n<strong>tonnachd<\/strong> = waviness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tonn<\/strong> = wave, billow<br \/>\n<strong>tonn hiass<\/strong> = heat-wave<br \/>\n<strong>tonn hidee<\/strong> = tidal wave<br \/>\n<strong>tonn in\u00e7hyn<\/strong> = brainwave<br \/>\n<strong>tonnagh<\/strong> = undulating, billowy, wavy<br \/>\n<strong>tonnaghey<\/strong> to undulate, surge, bilow, undulation<br \/>\n<strong>tonnaght<\/strong> = undulation, waviness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*tonn<\/strong> = wave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh<\/th>\n<td><strong>tonnou<\/strong> = wave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tonn, ton<\/strong> = wave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ton<\/strong> [t\u0254n] = wave, the sea; wavelength<br \/>\n<strong>ton lanw<\/strong> = tidal wave<br \/>\n<strong>ton radio<\/strong> = radio wave<br \/>\n<strong>tonfedd<\/strong> = wavelength<br \/>\n<strong>tonffurf<\/strong> = waveform<br \/>\n<strong>toniad<\/strong> = undulation, oscillation, frequency, modulation, intonation<br \/>\n<strong>tonial<\/strong> = surge or swell (of waves)<br \/>\n<strong>tonniant<\/strong> = fluctuation<br \/>\n<strong>tonni<\/strong> = to undulate, ripple, oscillate, surge<br \/>\n<strong>tonnog<\/strong> = wavy, billowy, rough, choppy, roling, undulating<br \/>\n<strong>tonyddol<\/strong> = melodious, intoning, tonic, intonational<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec \/ Kernuak)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ton<\/strong> = wave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tonn<\/strong> = wave<br \/>\n<strong>tonnek<\/strong> = wavy<br \/>\n<strong>tonnhes, tonnhys<\/strong> = wavelength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tonn<\/strong> = wave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tonn<\/strong> = wave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*(s)tewd-<\/em> (to hit, beat), or from the Proto-Celtic <em>*tond\u0101<\/em> (surface, skin), or from the PIE <em>*temh\u2081-<\/em> (to cut) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/tund%C4%81\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The PIE root <em>*(s)tewd-<\/em> (to hit, beat) is the origin of the Irish <strong>tit<\/strong> (to fall, collapse, descend), the Scottish Gaelic <strong>tuit<\/strong> (to fall, happen, slip), and the Manx <strong>tuitt<\/strong> (to fall, happen, slip) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/dotuit#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>]. English words from the same root include <strong>study<\/strong>, <strong>studio<\/strong>, <strong>student<\/strong> and <strong>obtuse<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Category:English_terms_derived_from_the_Proto-Indo-European_root_*(s)tewd-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The the Proto-Celtic <em>*tond\u0101<\/em> (surface, skin) is the root of the Gaulish <em>*tond\u0101<\/em>, from which we get <strong>tonn<\/strong> (surface, skin) in Irish, <strong>tonn<\/strong> (skin, hide) in Scottish Gaelic, <strong>ton<\/strong> (turf, sod, sward, surface) in Welsh, <strong>ton<\/strong> (unploughed land, meadow) in Cornish, and <strong>tonn<\/strong> (rind, dermis, surface) in Breton.<\/p>\n<p>It was borrowed into Latin as <em>tunna \/ tonna<\/em> (tun [a large cask], box), which became <strong>tonne<\/strong> (tonne, ton) in French, which was borrowed into English as <strong>tonne<\/strong> (a unit of mass equal to 1000kg; a score of 100 in darts) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/tond%C4%81\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for wave and related things in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *tund\u0101 = wave, billow Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) tonn [ton\u0348] = wave, outpouring, sea, abundance, bog, swamp Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) tonn = wave, outpouring, sea, abundance, bog, swamp Irish (Gaeilge) tonn [t\u032a\u02e0\u0251un\u032a\u02e0\/t\u032a\u02e0u\u02d0n\u032a\u02e0\/t\u032a\u02e0\u028cn\u032a\u02e0] = wave tonn tuile = tidal wave tonn teasa = heat-wave tonn turrainge = [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,19,20,44,25,21,3,36,22,5,6,37,7,27,10,40,11,12,13,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6759","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6759"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6759\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6762,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6759\/revisions\/6762"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6759"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6759"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6759"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}