{"id":6719,"date":"2022-07-21T17:18:54","date_gmt":"2022-07-21T16:18:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6719"},"modified":"2022-07-21T17:18:55","modified_gmt":"2022-07-21T16:18:55","slug":"rawness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/07\/21\/rawness\/","title":{"rendered":"Rawness"},"content":{"rendered":"

Today we’re looking at the words for raw<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n

\"Raw\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n*omos<\/strong> = raw<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\nom<\/strong> [o\u1e7d] = raw, uncooked<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\nom<\/strong> = raw, uncooked; crude, undigested, immature; rude, unrefined, barbarous<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\namh<\/strong> [\u02c8av\u02e0 \/ \u02c8aw] = raw, uncooked
\namh\u00e1bhar<\/strong> = raw material, staple
\naimhe<\/strong> = rawness, crudeness
\namhainse<\/strong> = sharpness, astuteness
\namhainseach<\/strong> = sharp, astute
\namhchaoin<\/strong> = rough, uncouth
\namhola<\/strong> = crude oil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\namh<\/strong> [af] = raw, uncooked; extra rare, blue (meat); uncouth, crude
\namhachd<\/strong> [av\u0259xg] = rawness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\naw<\/strong> = crude, raw, uncooked, undressed
\nawid<\/strong> = crudeness, rawness, rareness
\nawaneagh<\/strong> = moron, oaf; oafish, raw, rude, uncivilsed, vain
\nfeill aw<\/strong> = raw meat
\nooill aw<\/strong> = crude oil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n*o\u03b2\u0303<\/strong> = raw<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\nof<\/strong> = crude, uncooked, raw<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\nof<\/strong> [bra\u02d0\u0268\u032fn \/ brai\u032fn] = crude, untreated, uncooked, raw, bitter, sharp, nauseating, sickly
\nofaf, ofi<\/strong> = to decompose, crumble, analyse<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European *h\u2082eh\u2083m\u00f3s<\/em> (raw, uncooked, bitter, sour), probably from *h\u2082eh\u2083-<\/em> (to be hot, burn) [source<\/a>].<\/p>\n

Words for copper and bronze<\/a> in Celtic languages possibly come from the same Proto-Celtic root, via the word *omiyom<\/strong> [source<\/a>].<\/p>\n

The Greek word \u1f60\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/strong> [o\u02c8mos] (raw, uncooked, crude, brutal) comes from the same PIE root [source<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\ncri<\/strong> = crude, uncooked, raw<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\ncri<\/strong> [kri\u02d0] = raw, fresh, new, crude, coarse, unfulled (cloth), unleavened
\nbara cri<\/strong> = unleavened bread
\ndefnyddiau cri<\/strong> = raw materials
\nteisen gri<\/strong> = griddle cake, Welsh cake<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\ncriv<\/strong> = rude, raw, green, newly made, unripe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\nkriv<\/strong> = crude, fresh, raw, uncooked, unripe
\nkrivder<\/strong> = rawness
\ngossen griv<\/strong> = raw umber<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Middle Breton<\/th>\ncriz, cry<\/strong> = raw, crude, cruel, rough<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\nkriz<\/strong> = raw, crude, cruel, rough
\ngopr kriz<\/strong> = gross salary
\nhollad kriz<\/strong> = gross total
\nobar kriz<\/strong> = act of barbarism<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from the Latin cr\u016bdus<\/em> (raw, bloody), from the Proto-Italic *kr\u016bros<\/em> (bloody), from the Proto-Indo-European *kruh\u2082r\u00f3s<\/em> (bloody), from *krewh\u2082-<\/em> (raw meat, fresh blood). The English words crude<\/strong> and cruel<\/strong> come from the same Latin root, and raw<\/strong> comes from the same PIE root [source<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\namrwt<\/strong> = raw, uncooked<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\namrwd<\/strong> [\u02c8amr\u028ad] = raw, uncooked, unprocessed, undigested, crude, untreated, unrefined, rough, approximate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Celtic *an<\/em> (un-) and *brutus<\/em> (boiling heat), from the Proto-Indo-European *b\u02b0rewh\u2081-<\/em> (to boil, brew) [source<\/a>].<\/p>\n

Other words from the Proto-Celtic root *brutus<\/strong> include brwd<\/strong> (eager, keen, passionate, zealous) and brwdfrydedd <\/strong> (enthusiasm) in Welsh, and bruth<\/strong> (heat, rash, eruption, nap, pile, surf) in Irish [source<\/a>].<\/p>\n

Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n

Sources: Wiktionary<\/a>, Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, Teanglann.ie<\/a>, eDIL – Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English – Old Irish glossary<\/a>, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, TermOfis<\/a>, Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, Geriafurch<\/a>, English – ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

\"The<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Today we’re looking at the words for raw and related things in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *omos = raw Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) om [o\u1e7d] = raw, uncooked Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) om = raw, uncooked; crude, undigested, immature; rude, unrefined, barbarous Irish (Gaeilge) amh [\u02c8av\u02e0 \/ \u02c8aw] = raw, uncooked amh\u00e1bhar = raw material, staple aimhe = […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,19,20,115,21,3,36,22,5,6,37,7,27,10,11,12,13,60,23,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6719","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-greek-","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-proto-italic","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6719","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6719"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6719\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6722,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6719\/revisions\/6722"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6719"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6719"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6719"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}