{"id":6701,"date":"2022-07-08T20:34:27","date_gmt":"2022-07-08T19:34:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6701"},"modified":"2022-07-08T20:34:28","modified_gmt":"2022-07-08T19:34:28","slug":"ferns-and-bracken","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/07\/08\/ferns-and-bracken\/","title":{"rendered":"Ferns and Bracken"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for <strong>fern<\/strong>, <strong>bracken<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/50026355642\/in\/album-72157667972296679\/\" title=\"Maidenhair Spleenwort, Duegredynen Gwallt y Forwyn (Asplenium trichomanes)\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/65535\/50026355642_62ea8ccd2d_z.jpg\" alt=\"Maidenhair Spleenwort\" width=\"640\" height=\"361\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*\u0278ratis, *frati-<\/strong> = fern, bracken<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>ratis<\/strong> = fern, bracken<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>raithnech<\/strong> [\u02c8r\u0348a\u03b8\u02b2n\u02b2ex] = fern, bracken<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>raith<\/strong> = fern, bracken<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>raithneach<\/strong> = fern, bracken<br \/>\n<strong>raithneach\u00e1n<\/strong> = ferny place<br \/>\n<strong>raithneach\u00fail<\/strong> = ferny<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>raineach<\/strong> [r\u032a\u02e0an\u032a\u02b2\u0259x] = fern, bracken; hashish, weed<br \/>\n<strong>raith<\/strong> [r\u032a\u02e0\u025b] = fern, bracken<br \/>\n<strong>raineachail<\/strong> = abounding in fern, ferny, like fern<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>renniagh<\/strong> = fern, bracken<br \/>\n<strong>renniaghoil<\/strong> = ferny<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*rr\u0117d\u0268n<\/strong> = ferns, bracken<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rhedyn<\/strong> = ferns, bracken<br \/>\n<strong>retinoc, redinauc, rhydynog<\/strong> = ferny<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rhedyn<\/strong> [\u02c8r\u0325\u025bd\u0268\u031en \/ \u02c8r\u0325e\u02d0d\u026an] = ferns, bracken<br \/>\n<strong>rhedynen<\/strong> = fern<br \/>\n<strong>rhedyn eryraidd<\/strong> = bracken<br \/>\n<strong>rhedyna<\/strong> = to gather ferms<br \/>\n<strong>rhedynaidd<\/strong> = ferny<br \/>\n<strong>rhedyneg<\/strong> = ferny ground<br \/>\n<strong>rhedynog<\/strong> = ferny (land), abounding with ferns, fern-like, made of fern<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>reden<\/strong> = ferns, bracken<br \/>\n<strong>redenen<\/strong> = fern<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>reden<\/strong> = ferns, bracken<br \/>\n<strong>redenen, redanen<\/strong> = fern<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>reden<\/strong> = ferns, bracken<br \/>\n<strong>redenen<\/strong> = fern<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>reden<\/strong> = ferns, bracken<br \/>\n<strong>radenenn<\/strong> = fern<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>raden<\/strong> = ferns, bracken<br \/>\n<strong>radenenn<\/strong> = fern<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*p(t)erH-<\/em> (fern) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/%C9%B8ratis\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The English word <strong>fern<\/strong> comes from the same PIE root, via the Old English <em>fearn<\/em> and the Proto-West-Germanic <em>*farn<\/em> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-West_Germanic\/farn\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Other words from the same PIE root include <strong>paparde<\/strong> (fern) in Latvian, <strong>papro\u0107<\/strong> (fern) in Polish, and <strong>\u043f\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0442<\/strong> (fern) in Bulgarian [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/p(t)erH-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for fern, bracken and related things in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *\u0278ratis, *frati- = fern, bracken Gaulish ratis = fern, bracken Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) raithnech [\u02c8r\u0348a\u03b8\u02b2n\u02b2ex] = fern, bracken Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) raith = fern, bracken Irish (Gaeilge) raithneach = fern, bracken raithneach\u00e1n = ferny place raithneach\u00fail = ferny Scottish [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,19,20,25,21,3,109,22,5,6,37,7,27,9,71,10,11,12,67,13,23,72,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6701","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latvian-latviesu-valoda","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-cornish","category-old-english-aenglisc","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-germanic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-trees","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6701","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6701"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6701\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6702,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6701\/revisions\/6702"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6701"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6701"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6701"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}