{"id":6679,"date":"2022-06-22T12:42:20","date_gmt":"2022-06-22T11:42:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6679"},"modified":"2022-11-12T12:17:43","modified_gmt":"2022-11-12T12:17:43","slug":"crooked","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/06\/22\/crooked\/","title":{"rendered":"Crooked"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for <strong>crooked<\/strong> and <strong>twisted<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/8404101\/9602890792\/in\/photolist-fCzjSC-8zutLr-4WPWiS-ELA4fp-2kMyZNJ-2myGjKw-teAsXi-bx7tgd-4TMPN7-4PtJVt-7p6Qgt-38EH1q-ywTUBt-JWsk-2koZibH-2G7Rwy-WqVsiq-dTaEhv-2jLcUN7-2kbG2Fg-ZRVL8j-2fur4S7-97fUft-69sm7b-HrCR3P-QXzUYj-JVpBW7-8LBnmv-E7AF6m-Jnu8FY-FWWGLj-4VuUCG-XPsh9x-6eXFbs-7Z4ZEU-UfSwSg-NKM5z-2n9cBB8-2jy4Q3f-VXTnM4-Rfq3rC-2f7VimN-PEMZHx-oDcqoD-2nq2CrU-rbtD6z-94bCMB-2kVmkQY-2kCsFY4-fcwWHd\" title=\"Crooked\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/3819\/9602890792_185a899042_z.jpg\" alt=\"Crooked\" width=\"640\" height=\"375\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kambos<\/strong> = twisted, crooked, bent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>Cambo-<\/strong> = <em>found in place names<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>camm, cam<\/strong> [kam] = crooked, bent, curved, twisted; wavy, curly (hair)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cam<\/strong> [kaum\u02e0 \/ k\u0251\u02d0m\u02e0 \/ kam\u02e0] = bend, bent, crooked, crookedness, fraud object; to bend, crook, distort<br \/>\n<strong>camad\u00e1n<\/strong> = bent, crooked (person or thing)<br \/>\n<strong>camadh<\/strong> = to bend<br \/>\n<strong>camalanga<\/strong> = unintelligible talk<br \/>\n<strong>camal\u00f3id<\/strong> = high-backed, humped (animal), tall stooped person<br \/>\n<strong>cam\u00e1n<\/strong> = hurling-stick, hurley, bent, crooked, object, quaver<br \/>\n<strong>camarsach<\/strong> = wavy, curled<br \/>\n<strong>camas<\/strong> = small bay, curve; (river) bend<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cam<\/strong> [kaum \/ kaim\u0259] = bent, crooked, awry, not straight, squinty, wry, one-eyed; bend, curve, trick<br \/>\n<strong>cama-chasach<\/strong> =  bow\/bandy-legged<br \/>\n<strong>cam-ch\u00f2mhdhail<\/strong> = awkward meeting. misadventure<br \/>\n<strong>cam-bheulach<\/strong> = wry-mouthed<br \/>\n<strong>camadh<\/strong> = bending, curving, curve, curvature, crook, variant, variation<br \/>\n<strong>camaghaileach<\/strong> [kama\u0263al\u0259x] = twisted, winding<br \/>\n<strong>caman<\/strong> = club, stick, shinty stick, quaver<br \/>\n<strong>camanachd<\/strong> = shinty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cam<\/strong> = bent, crooked, deceitful, intricate, knotty, perverse, rakish, wry, wrong<br \/>\n<strong>cam-hooilagh<\/strong> = cross-eyed, squinting<br \/>\n<strong>cam-jeeragh<\/strong> = meandering, tortuous<br \/>\n<strong>camlurgey<\/strong> =  bowlegged, bandy-legged<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kam<\/strong> = crooked, bent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh<\/th>\n<td><strong>cam<\/strong> = crooked, bent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cam<\/strong> = crooked, bent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cam<\/strong> [kam] = crooked, bent, hunch-backed, distorted, wry, bowed, curved, looped, winding; one-eyed, squint-eyed; wrong, evil, false, unjust, deceitful; misdeed, sin, vice, injustice, injury<br \/>\n<strong>ar gam<\/strong> = in error, erroneously, unjustly, falsely, astray, amiss<br \/>\n<strong>ar y cam<\/strong> = in the wrong, culpable<br \/>\n<strong>yng ngham<\/strong> = wrong, wrongly, unjustly, in error, faulty<br \/>\n<strong>camgymeriad<\/strong> = mistake, misapprehension, misconstruction, error<br \/>\n<strong>camni, cami<\/strong> = crookedness, crook, curvature, twist<br \/>\n<strong>camog<\/strong> = crookedness, curvature, hump-backed person<br \/>\n<strong>camu<\/strong> [\u02c8kam\u0268 \/ \u02c8kami] = to bend, stoop, curve, bow, pervert, distort, abuse<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>cam<\/strong> = crooked, wry, distorted, squint-eyed, perverse, wrong, wicked<br \/>\n<strong>camgarrec<\/strong> = bandy-legged<br \/>\n<strong>camma<\/strong> = to bend, curve, make crooked; trepass<br \/>\n<strong>camnivet<\/strong> = rainbow<br \/>\n<strong>camwul<\/strong> = to do wrong<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>kamm<\/strong> = bent, crooked, erroneous, error, wrong<br \/>\n<strong>kamma<\/strong> = to curve<br \/>\n<strong>kammas<\/strong> = bay, bend<br \/>\n<strong>kammdremena<\/strong> = to trespass<br \/>\n<strong>kammdreylya<\/strong> = to zigzag<br \/>\n<strong>kammdybi, kammwul<\/strong> = to err<br \/>\n<strong>kammgemeryans<\/strong> = mistake<br \/>\n<strong>kammgonvedhes<\/strong> = to misunderstand<br \/>\n<strong>kammhynsek<\/strong> = unjust, unrighteous, wicked<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>cam(m)<\/strong> = curved, curve, lame, bad, wicked<br \/>\n<strong>camaff<\/strong> = to bend, limp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>kamm<\/strong> = curved, curve<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>kamm<\/strong> = angled, bent, bend<br \/>\n<strong>kammadur<\/strong> = bending, camber, cambering<br \/>\n<strong>kamma\u00f1<\/strong> = to arch<br \/>\n<strong>kammigell<\/strong> = zigzag, squabble, chicane<br \/>\n<strong>kammigella\u00f1<\/strong> = to zigzag<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*kh\u2082em-<\/em> (to arch), from <em>*(s)\u1e31h\u2082embos<\/em> (crooked) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/kambos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The Gaulish version of the word appears in the place name <em>Cambo-dunum<\/em>, also written <em>Kambodunon<\/em>, which became <em>Campod\u016bnum<\/em> in Latin, which was a town in the Roman province of Raetia, and is now <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kempten\">Kempten<\/a> in Bavaria in southern Germany [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Campodunum#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The name <strong>Campbell<\/strong> comes from the Scottish Gaelic <strong>Caimbeul<\/strong>, from <strong>cam<\/strong> (crooked) and <strong>beul<\/strong> (mouth) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Campbell\">source<\/a>], while <strong>Cameron<\/strong> comes from <strong>Camshr\u00f2n<\/strong>, from <strong>cam<\/strong> (crooked) and <strong>sr\u00f2n<\/strong> (nose) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Cameron\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The Proto-Celtic word <em>*kambos<\/em> is the root of the Galician words <em>camba<\/em> (doorjamb of an oven, handmill), <strong>cambar<\/strong> (to bend), <strong>cambiar<\/strong> (to change) [<a href=\"https:\/\/digalego.xunta.gal\/es\/termo\/11830\/camba\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><em>*kambos<\/em> was possibly also borrowed into French as <em>camus<\/em> [ka.my] (flat-nosed, snub-nosed) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/camus#Old_French\">source<\/a>], and this ended up in English as <strong>camous\/camoys<\/strong> (flat, depressed, crooked nose) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/camous#English\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Other English words from the PIE root (<em>*kh\u2082em-<\/em>), include <strong>camera<\/strong>, <strong>camp<\/strong>, <strong>campus<\/strong>, <strong>champagne<\/strong> and <strong>champion<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Category:English_terms_derived_from_the_Proto-Indo-European_root_*kh%E2%82%82em-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*w\u0113ros<\/strong> = crooked<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>f\u00edar<\/strong> = bent, crooked, curved<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fiar<\/strong> [f\u02b2i\u0259\u027e\u02e0] = slant, tilt, bias, obliquity, bend, twist, crookedness, perverseness; slanting, tilted, oblique, diagonal<br \/>\n<strong>fiaradh<\/strong> to slant, tilt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fiar<\/strong> [fi\u0259r] = bent, crooked, squint, wry, oblique, perverse<br \/>\n<strong>fiaragach<\/strong> = slanted, twisted, touchy<br \/>\n<strong>fiaranaich<\/strong> = slant<br \/>\n<strong>fiaradh<\/strong> = slanting, slant, distorting, skewing, distortion<br \/>\n<strong>fiarach<\/strong> = inclinning, slanting<br \/>\n<strong>fiaras<\/strong> = crookedness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*gwu\u0268r<\/strong> = crooked, bent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gvir, gwyr<\/strong> [\u0261w\u0268r] = crooked, bent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>g\u0175yr<\/strong> [\u0261u\u02d0\u0268\u032fr\/\u0261\u028ai\u032fr] = askew, slanting, oblique, aslant, cross(-eyed), squinting, crooked, curved, bent, distorted, unjust, dishonest, wrong, evil; wickedness, error, wandering, twist<br \/>\n<strong>gwyrio<\/strong> = to bow, stoop, bend, lean, incline, slant, slope<br \/>\n<strong>gwyraidd<\/strong> = sloping, slanting, stooping<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwarr<\/strong> = curve<br \/>\n<strong>gwarak<\/strong> = arch, arc, bow, crescent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>goar<\/strong> = curved, curve<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwar<\/strong> = curved<br \/>\n<strong>gwared<\/strong> = arch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*weh\u2081iros<\/em> (turned, twisted), from <em>*weh\u2081y-<\/em> (to twist, wrap) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/w%C4%93ros\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/books\/reader?id=CwUGAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for crooked and twisted and related things in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *kambos = twisted, crooked, bent Gaulish Cambo- = found in place names Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) camm, cam [kam] = crooked, bent, curved, twisted; wavy, curly (hair) Irish (Gaeilge) cam [kaum\u02e0 \/ k\u0251\u02d0m\u02e0 \/ kam\u02e0] = bend, bent, crooked, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,19,20,44,24,25,21,3,36,22,5,6,7,27,8,9,10,11,12,13,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-galician","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6679","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6679"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6679\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6988,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6679\/revisions\/6988"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6679"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6679"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6679"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}