{"id":6657,"date":"2022-06-14T16:41:43","date_gmt":"2022-06-14T15:41:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6657"},"modified":"2022-06-14T16:41:44","modified_gmt":"2022-06-14T15:41:44","slug":"lead-metal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/06\/14\/lead-metal\/","title":{"rendered":"Lead (Metal)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for <strong>lead<\/strong> (metal) and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/136315829@N03\/48539601536\/in\/photolist-2gXh9rE-Jy1Y2U-9wLhVR-2mQ5orH-2mPWNQM-2mQ3ab2-2mQ6xch-2mQ5mkP-2mPWUKN-2mPWSkh-2j1b5GL-2gXh3nA-2gXjKjn-2jMzXUV-eiznm1-LPRBG4-ejCKpa-eiTwFE-2dxkbMT-4sEeZP-2dxkbo6-78uy3o-emYG3L-a55hkS-2gXhZMJ-8xZNTF-2mXRwAZ-2mYeZr2-2mWJXhY-2irGU5U-2i5HkbF-2mQ2eFe-x6n4BN-x6ndp7-8y3TLf-a52r5Z-9wvLG3-ekSh2w-2ikTQVT-a55gJ7-a52rcz-6mv6Jj-a52qM8-pqGCdN-3P9UhX-er5uda-LGz3UU-3PdVyE-3P9Pk8-4sJiCY\" title=\"Cwmystwyth Lead Mine, Wales.\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/65535\/48539601536_2373fb2f79_z.jpg\" alt=\"Cwmystwyth Lead Mine, Wales.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><br \/>\n<em>Cwmystwyth Lead Mine, Ceredigion, Cymru<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*\u0278loudom<\/strong> = lead (metal)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>*laudon<\/strong> = lead (metal)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>l\u00faaide<\/strong> = lead (metal)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>luaidhe<\/strong> [\u02c8l\u032a\u02e0u\u02d0i\u02d0] = lead (metal), (sounding-) lead, plummet, (<em>fishing<\/em>) sinker<br \/>\n<strong>luaidhi\u00fail<\/strong> = lead-like, leaden<br \/>\n<strong>luaidhnimh<\/strong> = lead-poisoning<br \/>\n<strong>peann luaidhe<\/strong> = pencil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>luaidhe<\/strong> [l\u032a\u02e0u\u0259j\u0259] = lead (metal), leaden<br \/>\n<strong>luaidheach<\/strong> = leaden<br \/>\n<strong>peann-luaidhe<\/strong> = pencil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leoaie<\/strong> =  lead (metal), leaden, sounding lead<br \/>\n<strong>penn leoaie<\/strong> = pencil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*plewd-<\/em> (to fly, flow, run), from <em>*plew-<\/em> (to fly, flow, run), from the Proto-West Germanic  <em>*laud<\/em> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/%C9%B8loudom\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Some words from the same PIE root include <strong>fleet<\/strong>, <strong>float<\/strong>, <strong>flood<\/strong> and <strong>pneumonia<\/strong> in English, <strong>vlieten<\/strong> (to flow) in Dutch, <strong>flie\u00dfen<\/strong> (to flow) in German, <strong>flyte<\/strong> (to float, flow) in Swedish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/plewd-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The English word <strong>lead<\/strong> comes from the Middle English <em>le(e)d<\/em> (lead) from the Old English <em>l\u0113ad<\/em> (lead) from the Proto-West-Germanic <em>*laud<\/em> (lead), from the Gaulish <em>*laudon<\/em> (lead) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/lead#English\">source<\/a>], and words for lead in other Germanic language languages come from the same root [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-West_Germanic\/laud\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*plum<\/strong> = lead (metal)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>pluum, plwm<\/strong> = lead (metal)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>plwm<\/strong> [pl\u028am] = lead (metal); mass or ball of lead, plumb, plummet, straight(ness), vertical(ness)<br \/>\n<strong>plymaidd<\/strong> = leaden, lead-like, heavy, oppressive, worthless<br \/>\n<strong>plymen<\/strong> = lead weight, plummet, sheet, of lead<br \/>\n<strong>plymio<\/strong> = to sound (for depth), fathom, dive, plunge, plummet; to cover or solder with lead, line (pottery) with lead, glaze<br \/>\n<strong>plymwr<\/strong> = plumber, dealer\/worker in lead, plunger, diver<br \/>\n<strong>plymliw<\/strong> = lead-coloured, blackish-blue, greyish blue, pale blue<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>plomm, plobm<\/strong> = lead (metal)<br \/>\n<strong>plommer<\/strong> = plumber<br \/>\n<strong>plommwedhek<\/strong> = vertical<br \/>\n<strong>pyncel plomm<\/strong> = pencil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>plom<\/strong> = lead (metal)<br \/>\n<strong>plomek<\/strong> = lead(en)<br \/>\n<strong>plomer<\/strong> = plumber<br \/>\n<strong>plomerezh<\/strong> = plumbing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Latin <em>plumbum<\/em> (lead, pencil), may be borrowed from Etruscan, Iberian or some other pre-Indo-European Mediterranean substrate language [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/plwm\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Some words from the same Latin root include <strong>plumb<\/strong> (truly vertical, as indicated by a plumb line) in English, <strong>piombo<\/strong> (lead, grey, bullet) in Italian, <strong>plomb<\/strong> (lead, fuse, sinker) in French, and <strong>Plombe<\/strong> (seal, filling) in German [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/plumbum#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/books\/reader?id=CwUGAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for lead (metal) and related things in Celtic languages. Cwmystwyth Lead Mine, Ceredigion, Cymru Proto-Celtic *\u0278loudom = lead (metal) Gaulish *laudon = lead (metal) Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) l\u00faaide = lead (metal) Irish (Gaeilge) luaidhe [\u02c8l\u032a\u02e0u\u02d0i\u02d0] = lead (metal), (sounding-) lead, plummet, (fishing) sinker luaidhi\u00fail = lead-like, leaden luaidhnimh = [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,81,19,20,44,25,61,21,3,36,22,112,7,27,71,10,11,12,67,13,23,64,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-dutch-nederlands","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-gaulish","category-german","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-metals","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-english-aenglisc","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-germanic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-swedish-svenska","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6657","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6657"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6657\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6658,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6657\/revisions\/6658"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6657"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}