{"id":6647,"date":"2022-06-02T17:14:37","date_gmt":"2022-06-02T16:14:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6647"},"modified":"2024-08-17T17:39:30","modified_gmt":"2024-08-17T16:39:30","slug":"tin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/06\/02\/tin\/","title":{"rendered":"Tin"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for <strong>tin<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/robmcc\/51799810024\/in\/photolist-2mVnyQQ-2hoBUVS-2iDQ7Ay-GmYDrZ-S4btsc-22d5nhQ-2g6Er7V-23qGgsa-2kNZeWu-JDRhSW-NXkNvh-PTm5mY-28VWbtJ-29QobGr-NF7dYe-RJsDwK-rR26Ms-2kUU9oE-EfCB6h-HpUv3P-CWHu2p-2kZ1DZa-2j6o4N2-29WwgEA-2mXPKhT-EnoF8o-PrXvHc-2jQr5kP-2jCUN5e-2mqpnqn-2hbRXoH-2nokbjJ-2eTsZd3-JSUbTL-ZtdTDw-2mPJJwC-256BfEQ-2kK3EPm-YR9diR-2dEEXoT-4NgTEh-2jLPVVv-2ifoZsj-2mVhMi7-NQxf7V-2mQ5Ygh-2gmbSMQ-GqKv6y-U5eUiN-2jx7wTk\" title=\"Tin Mines\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/65535\/51799810024_75305e8605_z.jpg\" alt=\"Tin Mines\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><br \/>\n<em>Botallack tin mine in Cornwall<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*stagnos<\/strong> = tin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>*stagnom<\/strong> = tin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>st\u00e1n<\/strong> [m\u02b2e\u02d0n\u02b2] = tin, tin vessel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>st\u00e1n, stan, sd\u00e1n, sdan<\/strong> = tin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>st\u00e1n<\/strong> = tin, tin vessel<br \/>\n<strong>st\u00e1nach<\/strong> = tin-bearing, stannic<br \/>\n<strong>st\u00e1nad\u00f3ir<\/strong> = tinner, tinsmith<br \/>\n<strong>st\u00e1nad\u00f3ireacht<\/strong> = tin-work, (act of) tinkering<br \/>\n<strong>st\u00e1naigh<\/strong> = to tin, to coat with tin, to pack in tin(s)<br \/>\n<strong>st\u00e1nche\u00e1rta<\/strong> = tinworks<br \/>\n<strong>st\u00e1nphl\u00e1ta<\/strong> = tin-plate<br \/>\n<strong>st\u00e1nt\u00e1irgeach<\/strong> = tin-bearing<br \/>\n<strong>st\u00e1n\u00fail<\/strong> = tinny, stannous<br \/>\n<strong>fead\u00f3g st\u00e1in<\/strong> = tin whistle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>staoin<\/strong> [sd\u026f\u02d0n\u032a\u02b2] = tin, pewter<br \/>\n<strong>st\u00e0in<\/strong> [sd\u026f\u02d0n\u032a\u02b2] = tin<br \/>\n<strong>st\u00e0nadair<\/strong> = tinsmith, tinker<br \/>\n<strong>staoinseil<\/strong> = tinsel<br \/>\n<strong>f\u00ecdeag-staoin<\/strong> = tin whistle<br \/>\n<strong>muileann-staoin<\/strong> = tin mill<br \/>\n<strong>sgragall-staoine<\/strong> = tinfoil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>stainney<\/strong> = tin, can, tin-plate<br \/>\n<strong>stainnagh<\/strong> = tin-bearing<br \/>\n<strong>stainnaghey<\/strong> = to tin-plate<br \/>\n<strong>stainneyder<\/strong> = tin-miner<br \/>\n<strong>stainnit<\/strong> = tin-plated<br \/>\n<strong>stainn-oshleyder, fosleyder stainney<\/strong> = tin-opener<br \/>\n<strong>feddan (stainney)<\/strong> = tin whistle, flageolot<br \/>\n<strong>gaaue stainney<\/strong> = tinner, tinsmith<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*sta\u0268n<\/strong> = tin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>stain, ystain, staen, ystaen<\/strong> = tin, pewter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>(y)staen<\/strong> [\u02c8(\u0259)sta\u0268\u032fn] = tin, pewter<br \/>\n<strong>ystaenaid, staenaid<\/strong> = tinned, tin<br \/>\n<strong>ystaenwr, ystaeniwr<\/strong> = pewterer, tinsmith<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>stean, st\u00ean<\/strong> = tin<br \/>\n<strong>stener, stynnar<\/strong> = a tinner, a pewterer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sten<\/strong> [st\u025b\u02d0n \/ ste\u02d0n] = tin<br \/>\n<strong>stenek<\/strong> = tin ground, stannary<br \/>\n<strong>stenor<\/strong> = tinner<br \/>\n<strong>sten du<\/strong> = tin ore<br \/>\n<strong>poll sten<\/strong> = tin pit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sten<\/strong> = tin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>sten, stean, staen<\/strong> = tin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>staen<\/strong> [\u02c8st\u025b\u02d0n] = tin<br \/>\n<strong>staena\u00f1<\/strong> = to tinplate<br \/>\n<strong>staenek<\/strong> = stannic (<em>of or containing tin<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>staenus<\/strong> = stannous (<em>of or containing tin<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: probably from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*sth\u2082g\u02b0-n\u00f3-s<\/em> (standing, firm), from <em>*steh\u2082-g\u02b0-<\/em> + <em>*-n\u00f3s<\/em>, from <em>*steh\u2082-<\/em> (to stand) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/stagnos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The Latin word <em>stannum<\/em> (an alloy of silver and lead; tin) was borrowed from the Gaulish <em>*stagnom<\/em>, and words for tin in Romance languages developed from this, including <strong>\u00e9tain<\/strong> in French, <strong>stagno<\/strong> in Italian, and <strong>esta\u00f1o<\/strong> in Spanish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/stannum#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The scientific abbreviation for tin is <strong>Sn<\/strong>, from the Latin <em>stannum<\/em>. The old Latin name for tin was <em>plumbum candidum<\/em> (white lead) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tin#Etymology\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tiona<\/strong> = tin (container, metal)<br \/>\n<strong>\u00e1 tiona<\/strong> = tinned, from a tin<br \/>\n<strong>crogan-tiona<\/strong> = tin can<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tynn, tin, tinn<\/strong> = tin, tin plate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tun, tyn<\/strong> = tin (metal \/ container), tin plate, tin can<br \/>\n<strong>tunio, tuniaf<\/strong> = to tin, coat with tin, seal in a tin<br \/>\n<strong>tun t\u00e2n<\/strong> =  blower, metal plate placed before an open fire to increase the draught<br \/>\n<strong>tun te<\/strong> = tin used by workmen to carry leaf tea (and sugar) to work<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the English <strong>tin<\/strong>, from the Middle English <em>tin, tyn(e), tynne<\/em> (tin), from the Old English <em>tin<\/em> (tin), from the Proto-Germanic <em>*tin\u0105<\/em> (tin), probably from a pre-Indo-European language [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/tin#English\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words for <strong>tin<\/strong> in Germanic languages come from the same Proto-Germanic root, including <strong>tin<\/strong> in Dutch, <strong>Zinn<\/strong> in German, <strong>tenn<\/strong> in Swedish, and <strong>tinn<\/strong> in Norwegian, as do words for tin in some Slavic and Finno-Ugric languages [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic\/tin%C4%85\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/books\/reader?id=CwUGAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for tin and related things in Celtic languages. Botallack tin mine in Cornwall Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *stagnos = tin Gaulish *stagnom = tin Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) st\u00e1n [m\u02b2e\u02d0n\u02b2] = tin, tin vessel Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) st\u00e1n, stan, sd\u00e1n, sdan = tin Irish (Gaeilge) st\u00e1n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,81,19,20,44,25,61,21,83,3,36,22,112,5,6,77,7,113,27,8,71,10,11,12,67,13,23,82,64,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6647","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-dutch-nederlands","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-gaulish","category-german","category-gaeilge-irish","category-italian-italiano","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-metals","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-english-englisch","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-norwegian-norsk","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-english-aenglisc","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-germanic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-swedish-svenska","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6647","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6647"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6647\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8375,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6647\/revisions\/8375"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6647"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6647"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6647"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}