{"id":6639,"date":"2022-05-30T17:31:25","date_gmt":"2022-05-30T16:31:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6639"},"modified":"2022-05-30T17:31:26","modified_gmt":"2022-05-30T16:31:26","slug":"metal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/05\/30\/metal\/","title":{"rendered":"Metal"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for <strong>metal<\/strong>, <strong>ore<\/strong>,  <strong>mines<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/jimsumo999\/44835348635\/in\/photolist-2bKGMHc-2kYbmvx-2biWT7k-zU5S5r-zFBYHj-2kg9Mus-2k8YbLw-2kKADTV-2k8U7b3-2kYbjBs-2h4hBKh-2h4hg7u-FZ3PqH-243xjLu-aj2RCR-aj5Drh-4FGGkU-FZ3S5a-98wLsB-eAyaAn-4F6Co3-4FAdoE-4F2i2T-4FCuRa-ZpbUCf-4FvSCM-4F2mPT-4FA7FE-4FvWsR-21umDWR-ZpbTHE-21rBkHW-GxJY28-21rBqEE-21umDhz-GxJWX4-21rBm1Q-DmBkjJ-21rBinJ-GxJYDa-21rBnQ1-ZpbWpb-ZpbVMu-GxJXfD-GxJZBc-GxJZdB\" title=\"The cave at Parys mountain.\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/4827\/44835348635_fb88d5bf9d_z.jpg\" alt=\"The cave at Parys mountain.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*m\u0113nis<\/strong> = ore, metal, mine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>m\u00e9in, m\u00edan<\/strong> [m\u02b2e\u02d0n\u02b2] = mineral, ore, metal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>m\u00e9in, m\u00edan<\/strong> [m\u02b2e\u02d0n\u02b2] = mineral, ore, metal<br \/>\n<strong>m\u00edanach<\/strong> = vein of ore, mine<br \/>\n<strong>m\u00edanaige<\/strong> = miner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mianach<\/strong> = ore; stuff, material, substance, quality<br \/>\n<strong>mianad\u00f3ir<\/strong> = miner<br \/>\n<strong>mianrach<\/strong> = mineral<br \/>\n<strong>mianreola\u00ed<\/strong> = mineralogist<br \/>\n<strong>mianreola\u00edocht<\/strong> = mineralogy<br \/>\n<strong>mianad\u00f3ireacht<\/strong> = mining; burrowing, excavating, digging deep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>m\u00e8inn<\/strong> [m\u025b\u02d0n\u032a\u02b2] = mine, ore<br \/>\n<strong>m\u00e8innear, m\u00e8inneadair<\/strong> = miner<br \/>\n<strong>m\u00e8innireach<\/strong> = mineral<br \/>\n<strong>m\u00e8inn-guail<\/strong> = coal mine, colliery<br \/>\n<strong>m\u00e8inn-talmhainn<\/strong> = landmine<br \/>\n<strong>m\u00e8inn salainn<\/strong> = salt mine<br \/>\n<strong>m\u00e8inneadh<\/strong> = mining<br \/>\n<strong>m\u00e8innearach<\/strong> = mining<br \/>\n<strong>m\u00e8inn-e\u00f2las<\/strong> = mineralogy<br \/>\n<strong>m\u00e8inneadh<\/strong> = mineralogical<br \/>\n<strong>m\u00e8innearach<\/strong> = mineralogist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>meain<\/strong> = ore, mine<br \/>\n<strong>meainagh<\/strong> = ore<br \/>\n<strong>meain-oayllys, meaineraght<\/strong> = metallurgy<br \/>\n<strong>meain-oaylee, meaineraght<\/strong> = mineralogist<br \/>\n<strong>meain arih<\/strong> = gold mine<br \/>\n<strong>meain argid<\/strong> = silver mine<br \/>\n<strong>meain chobbyr<\/strong> = copper mine<br \/>\n<strong>meain gheayil<\/strong> = coal mine, colliery<br \/>\n<strong>meain hollan<\/strong> = salt mine<br \/>\n<strong>meain leoaie<\/strong> = lead mine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*mu\u0268n<\/strong> = ore, metal, mine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mwyn, m\u0175n<\/strong> = mineral, ore, mine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mwyn<\/strong> = mineral, ore, mine<br \/>\n<strong>mwynwr<\/strong> = miner, sapper<br \/>\n<strong>mwyn arian<\/strong> = silver ore, silver mine<br \/>\n<strong>mwyn aur<\/strong> = gold ore, gold mine<br \/>\n<strong>mwyn cellt<\/strong> = quartz<br \/>\n<strong>mwyn coch<\/strong> = red lead, red ochre, haematite, other red ores<br \/>\n<strong>mwyn copr<\/strong> = copper ore, copper mine<br \/>\n<strong>mywn du<\/strong> = blacklead, graphite<br \/>\n<strong>mwyn efydd<\/strong> = copper ore, copper mine<br \/>\n<strong>mwyn haearn<\/strong> = iron ore<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>moon<\/strong> = fusible metal mineral, mineral<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>*men<\/strong> = iron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mengleuz<\/strong> = quarry, slate quarry, mine<br \/>\n<strong>mengleuzer<\/strong> = slate quarry worker<br \/>\n<strong>mengleuzerezh<\/strong> = mining industry<br \/>\n<strong>mengleuzia\u00f1<\/strong> = to mine<br \/>\n<strong>mengleuziek<\/strong> = mining<br \/>\n<strong>mengleuzier<\/strong> = quarryman<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: probably from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*m\u0113y(H)nis<\/em>, from <em>*(s)m\u0113y(H)-<\/em> (to cut, hew) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/m%C4%93nis\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The English word <strong>mine<\/strong> (an excavation from which ore or solid minerals are taken) comes from the same Proto-Celtic root, via the Old French <em>myne, mine<\/em>, the Late Latin <em>mina<\/em> and Gaulish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/mine#English\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mital(l)<\/strong> = metal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>miotal<\/strong> [\u02c8m\u02b2\u026at\u032a\u02e0\u0259l\u02e0] = metal; mettle, spirit, hardihood<br \/>\n<strong>miotalach<\/strong> = metallic; mettlesome, spirited; hardy, wiry<br \/>\n<strong>miotalagrafa\u00edocht<\/strong> = metallography<br \/>\n<strong>miotal\u00f3ir<\/strong> = metallurgist<br \/>\n<strong>miotal\u00f3ireach<\/strong> = metallurgic(al)<br \/>\n<strong>miotal\u00f3ireacht<\/strong> = metal-work, metallurgy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>miotal, meiteal<\/strong> = metal<br \/>\n<strong><\/strong> = miner<br \/>\n<strong>meatailteach<\/strong> = metallic<br \/>\n<strong>obair-mheatailtean, obair-mheatailt<\/strong> = metalwork, metallurgy<br \/>\n<strong>meatailt uasal<\/strong> = precious metal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>metal<\/strong> = metal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>mettel<\/strong> = metal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>metel, metal<\/strong> = metal, metal weapon or armour; substance, mettle, bravery, courage<br \/>\n<strong>metelaidd, metelig<\/strong> = metallic<br \/>\n<strong>meteleg<\/strong> = metallurgy<br \/>\n<strong>metelegol<\/strong> = metallurgical<br \/>\n<strong>metelegwr, metelegydd<\/strong> = metallurgist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>metol<\/strong> = metal<br \/>\n<strong>metolyek<\/strong> = metallic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>metal<\/strong> = metal<br \/>\n<strong>metalerezh<\/strong> = metallurgy<br \/>\n<strong>metalour<\/strong> = metallurgist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong> (Welsh): from the Middle English <em>metel(l), metal(l)<\/em> (metal, ore), from the Old French <em>metal<\/em> (metal), from the Latin <em>metallum<\/em> (metal, precious metals, mine), from the Ancient Greek <em>\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd<\/em> (m\u00e9tallon &#8211; metal, precious metals, mine) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/metel#Welsh\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong> (Irish): from the Old French <em>metal<\/em> (metal), then as above [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/miotal\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The English word <strong>metal<\/strong> comes from the same roots, via Middle English, Old French, etc [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/metal#English\">source<\/a>]. The word <strong>mettle<\/strong> (a quality of endurance and courage) was originally a variant of <strong>metal<\/strong>, and later came to have a figurative sense [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/mettle\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/books\/reader?id=CwUGAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for metal, ore, mines and related things in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *m\u0113nis = ore, metal, mine Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) m\u00e9in, m\u00edan [m\u02b2e\u02d0n\u02b2] = mineral, ore, metal Middle Irish (Go\u00eddelc) m\u00e9in, m\u00edan [m\u02b2e\u02d0n\u02b2] = mineral, ore, metal m\u00edanach = vein of ore, mine m\u00edanaige = miner Irish (Gaeilge) mianach = [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,39,16,26,19,20,25,21,3,36,22,112,5,6,37,7,27,78,10,11,12,13,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6639","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-ancient-greek","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-metals","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-french-franceis","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6639","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6639"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6639\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6643,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6639\/revisions\/6643"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6639"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6639"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6639"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}