{"id":6628,"date":"2022-05-27T21:23:01","date_gmt":"2022-05-27T20:23:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6628"},"modified":"2022-05-27T21:23:02","modified_gmt":"2022-05-27T20:23:02","slug":"iron","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/05\/27\/iron\/","title":{"rendered":"Iron"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for <strong>iron<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/bambe1964\/6778314087\/in\/photolist-bjYCCg-dNp8N-7yxpik-eAhw-d1dnoQ-2mGKKyN-7yBoud-p6fHXf-6R7i6-4WR1xb-5aTk-ahxjRS-nW1dXG-98Gt-2iXVXG7-HGoJE-8gffMd-MonQsZ-edvnQL-2mG3cTX-97xEtN-oTWSya-DW44dM-GnzbT-rAXgZ-2mFabok-bMyetk-8KFJLs-H1Tx7M-5syvBe-gS6wm-2yJdi-5YuXBp-2mLRxjc-8pDR7Q-8KCEt2-8KFJs1-2n2Fbhy-7wDg-ogz9qP-capKLJ-7AUKBc-N4Ti7f-2n7ywdX-2eFQtqs-4T4Pph-bZ3XBY-cASpXJ-8KFJjs-a5i6Co\" title=\"iron fence\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/7017\/6778314087_00b19bbe80_z.jpg\" alt=\"iron fence\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*\u012bsarnom<\/strong> = iron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00edarn<\/strong> [i\u02d0a\u032frn] = iron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>iarann<\/strong> [\u02c8i\u0259\u027e\u02e0\u0259n\u032a\u02e0] = iron (element, appliance, golf club); iron part of a tool; brass (money)<br \/>\n<strong>amhiarann, iarnmhian<\/strong> = iron ore<br \/>\n<strong>iarann rocach<\/strong> = corrugated iron<br \/>\n<strong>iaranach<\/strong> = irons, iron implements, fetters, ploughshare<br \/>\n<strong>iaranaigh<\/strong> = to put in irons, fit, cover with iron<br \/>\n<strong>iarana\u00ed<\/strong> = (made of) iron, iron-hard<br \/>\n<strong>iaran\u00e1il<\/strong> = to iron (clothes)<br \/>\n<strong>iarnmhangaire<\/strong> = ironmonger<br \/>\n<strong>iarannaois<\/strong> = the Iron Age<br \/>\n<strong>iarna<\/strong> = hardware<br \/>\n<strong>iarnr\u00f3d<\/strong> = railway<br \/>\n<strong>iarn\u00fail<\/strong> = iron-like, ferrous<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>iarann<\/strong> [i\u0259r\u032a\u02e0\u0259n\u032a\u02e0] = iron, (metal) blade; day\u2019s worth cutting peat (for two)<br \/>\n<strong>iarnaidh<\/strong> = ferrous, iron-hard, iron-coloured, stingy<br \/>\n<strong>iarnaigeadh, iarnachadh<\/strong> = (act of) ironing<br \/>\n<strong>iarnair<\/strong> = ironmonger<br \/>\n<strong>iarainn-t\u00e0thainn, iarann-sobhdraidh<\/strong> = soldering iron<br \/>\n<strong>iarann-dreasaigidh<\/strong> = clothes iron<br \/>\n<strong>iarann m\u00f2lltaichte<\/strong> = cast iron<br \/>\n<strong>iarann preasach<\/strong> = corrugated iron<br \/>\n<strong>rathad-iarainn<\/strong> = railway<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>yiarn<\/strong> = iron; tool, scythe, blade; dough (money); tip (gratuity)<br \/>\n<strong>yiarnagh<\/strong> = ferric<br \/>\n<strong>yiarnal<\/strong> = iron, ironing<br \/>\n<strong>yiarneyder<\/strong> = ironmonger<br \/>\n<strong>yiarnrey<\/strong> = hardware<br \/>\n<strong>yiarnaghey, yiarney<\/strong> = to cover with iron, to iron<br \/>\n<strong>yiarnoil<\/strong> = ferrous<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*hijarn<\/strong> = hard, hard metal, iron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>heirn, hyarn, heyrn, hayarnn, haearn<\/strong> = iron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>haearn<\/strong> = iron, iron bar, hardness, strength, resoluteness, hard, strong, unyielding; sword, spear, lance; iron armour, coat of mail; fetters, shackles; branding-iron, pincers; flat-iron; spur<br \/>\n<strong>haearnaidd<\/strong> = like iron, ferrous; strong, hard, callous, oppressive<br \/>\n<strong>haearneiddio<\/strong> = to harden, make (one) unfeeling or callous<br \/>\n<strong>haearnol<\/strong> = of iron, iron-like, hard, unfeeling, rigid, stern<br \/>\n<strong>haearnwr<\/strong> = ironmonger, ironworker<br \/>\n<strong>haearn bwrw<\/strong> = cast iron<br \/>\n<strong>haearn gwaith<\/strong> = wrought iron<br \/>\n<strong>haearn gwrymiog<\/strong> = corrugated iron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>heorn, horn, h\u00f4rn<\/strong> = iron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>horn<\/strong> = iron<br \/>\n<strong>hornek<\/strong> = ferric, iron<br \/>\n<strong>hornell<\/strong> = iron (for clothes)<br \/>\n<strong>hornella<\/strong> = to iron<br \/>\n<strong>horner<\/strong> = ironmonger<br \/>\n<strong>horn margh<\/strong> = horseshoe<br \/>\n<strong>hyns horn<\/strong> = railway<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>hoiarn<\/strong> = iron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>houarnn<\/strong> = iron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>houarn<\/strong> [\u02c8hu\u02d0.arn] = iron; flat iron; horseshoe<br \/>\n<strong>houarnek<\/strong> = ferric<br \/>\n<strong>houarnus<\/strong> = ferrous<br \/>\n<strong>houarnaj<\/strong> = scrap iron<br \/>\n<strong>houarnajer<\/strong> =  scrap merchant<br \/>\n<strong>houarna\u00f1<\/strong> = to shoe (a horse)<br \/>\n<strong>houarn-marc\u2019h<\/strong> = horseshoe<br \/>\n<strong>houarn da zistenna\u00f1<\/strong> = iron (for clothes)<br \/>\n<strong>hent-houarn<\/strong> = railway<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: probably from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2081\u0113sh\u2082r\u0325no-<\/em> (bloody, red), from <em>*h\u2081\u00e9sh\u2082r\u0325<\/em> (blood) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/%C4%ABsarnom\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words for <strong>iron<\/strong> in Germanic languages come from the same Proto-Celtic root, via the Proto-Germanic <em>*\u012bsarn\u0105<\/em> (iron), including <strong>iron<\/strong> in English, <strong>ijzer<\/strong> in Dutch, <strong>Eisen<\/strong> in German, and <strong>j\u00e4rn<\/strong> in Swedish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic\/%C4%ABsarn%C4%85\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words for <strong>blood<\/strong> in Romance languages come from the same PIE root, via the Latin <em>sangu\u012bs<\/em> (blood, descent, progeny, family), including <strong>sang<\/strong> in Catalan and French, <strong>sangue<\/strong> in Italian and Portuguese, and <strong>sangre<\/strong> in Spanish, and also the English word <strong>sanguine<\/strong> (blood red; warm, optimistic, confident) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/sanguis#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/books\/reader?id=CwUGAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for iron and related things in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *\u012bsarnom = iron Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) \u00edarn [i\u02d0a\u032frn] = iron Irish (Gaeilge) iarann [\u02c8i\u0259\u027e\u02e0\u0259n\u032a\u02e0] = iron (element, appliance, golf club); iron part of a tool; brass (money) amhiarann, iarnmhian = iron ore iarann rocach = corrugated iron iaranach = irons, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,101,26,81,19,20,44,61,21,83,3,22,112,5,6,7,27,8,10,93,11,12,67,13,23,82,64,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6628","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-catalan-catala","category-kernewek-cornish","category-dutch-nederlands","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-german","category-gaeilge-irish","category-italian-italiano","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-metals","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-portuguese-portugues","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-germanic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-swedish-svenska","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6628","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6628"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6628\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6631,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6628\/revisions\/6631"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6628"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6628"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6628"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}