{"id":6593,"date":"2022-05-10T16:09:03","date_gmt":"2022-05-10T15:09:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6593"},"modified":"2022-05-10T16:09:04","modified_gmt":"2022-05-10T15:09:04","slug":"wood-intelligence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/05\/10\/wood-intelligence\/","title":{"rendered":"Wood Intelligence"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for <strong>chess<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/strocchi\/1348020612\/in\/photolist-347XyG-dTy6XC-4wssys-atUBks-59xL8K-9oujK3-6SfHNj-ZMgA5n-bxnXMc-5az6qh-87rY6y-8AgRSM-2EQUVG-4TvARV-uzLdy-smQAKi-b1MAsT-6oxKHf-6R4swq-pM3cYq-8xwuvZ-B5aizJ-9hHsn4-9EVPgy-88dawN-2cGK3L5-61Es9W-oyhsvP-4ziyaa-5yiDbR-av7Die-bPNmxi-hgy8YX-bA41gA-wwdbf-8x9Uu8-6v9GUV-4ecQv3-qqZJk-22EFqse-BP4W6W-5XbPLn-fWzRD-qXquY-8jh6Nh-6czRg3-bPNkuV-bATHeE-8eJkBy-ebUeL\" title=\"Chess\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/1203\/1348020612_f1b1f80610_z.jpg\" alt=\"Chess\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>According to legend, the ancient Irish game of <strong>fidchell<\/strong> was invented by Lugh (god of light and inspiration) in the 9th century. It played an important role in the celebrations at the Festival of Lughnasa (in August), and was played by kings, druids, warriors &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/totallyirishgifts.com\/fidchell-the-ancient-celtic-chess-game\/\">more details<\/a>. See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/totallyirishgifts.com\/fidchell-the-ancient-celtic-chess-game\/\">https:\/\/totallyirishgifts.com\/fidchell-the-ancient-celtic-chess-game\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The old Welsh game of <strong>gwyddbwyll<\/strong> is mentioned in medieval Welsh literature, however there are no surviving examples of the game.<\/p>\n<p>Chess is thought to have originated in India in the 6th century AD, and was brought to Britian by the Normans in the 12th century.<\/p>\n<p>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/lornasmithers.wordpress.com\/2017\/06\/16\/gwyddbwyll-why-the-war-games\/\">https:\/\/lornasmithers.wordpress.com\/2017\/06\/16\/gwyddbwyll-why-the-war-games\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fidchell<\/strong> [\u02c8f\u026a\u00f0\u02b2\u00e7\u025bl\u02d0] = an old Irish board game similar to chess<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ficheall<\/strong> [\u02c8f\u02b2\u026ah\u0259l\u032a\u02e0 \/ \u02c8f\u02b2\u026ah\u0259l\u032a\u02e0 \/ \u02c8f\u02b2\u026a\u00e7\u0259l\u032a\u02e0] = chess, chessboard<br \/>\n<strong>flcheallacht<\/strong> = chess-playing<br \/>\n<strong>flchealla\u00ed<\/strong> = chess-player<br \/>\n<strong>cl\u00e1r fichille<\/strong> = chessboard<br \/>\n<strong>fear fichille<\/strong> = chessman<br \/>\n<strong>f\u00edann\/forieann fichille<\/strong> = set of chessmen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fidhcheall<\/strong> = Celtic chess<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>feeal<\/strong> = chess<br \/>\n<strong>feealee<\/strong> = chess player<br \/>\n<strong>fer feeal, babban feeal<\/strong> = chess piece<br \/>\n<strong>claare feeal<\/strong> = chessboard<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*gw\u0268\u00f0bu\u0268ll<\/strong> = a board-game similar to chess<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gvytbuill, gvydbvll, gvydbvyll<\/strong> = one of the twenty-four feats of skill or prowess performed in Wales in medieval times; a board-game similar to chess<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwyddbwyll<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0261w\u0268\u031e\u00f0b\u028a\u0268\u032f\u026c] \/ \u02c8\u0261\u028ai\u032f\u00f0b\u028ai\u032f\u026c] = chess; knowledge, learning, science; reason, sense, discretion<br \/>\n<strong>gwyddbwyllwr<\/strong> = chess player, chess piece, chess man<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwydhbol<\/strong> = chess<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>guidpoill, guidpull<\/strong> = chess<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwezboell<\/strong> = (Celtic) chess<br \/>\n<strong>gwezboellet<\/strong> = chequered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong> from the Proto-Celtic <em>*widuk\u02b7\u0113sl\u0101<\/em> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/fidchell#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>], <em>*widu<\/em> (wood), from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2081wid\u02b0(h\u2081)-u-s<\/em> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/widus\">source<\/a>]; and <em>*k\u02b7\u0113sl\u0101<\/em> (mind, sense, wisdom, intelligence, meaning), from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*k\u02b7eyt-<\/em> (to notice) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/pwyll#Welsh\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The English word <strong>wood<\/strong> also comes from the PIE root <em>*h\u2081wid\u02b0(h\u2081)-u-s<\/em>, via the Middle English <em>wode<\/em> (wood), the Old English <em>widu, wudu<\/em> (wood) the Proto-West-Germanic <em>*widu<\/em> (forest, tree, wood), and the Proto-Germanic <em>*widuz<\/em> (wood) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic\/widuz\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>See also the post about <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic\/widuz\">Trees, Wood(s) &amp; Forests<\/a><\/p>\n<p>In Welsh, chess is also <strong>sies<\/strong> or <strong>ses<\/strong>, which were borrowed from the Middle English <em>ches(se)<\/em> (chess, chess set, chessboard, chess pieces) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/sies#Welsh\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>t\u00e1iplis,  t\u00e1ibhleis<\/strong> = tables, backgammon, backgammon-board<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>t\u00e0ileasg<\/strong> [ta\u02d0l\u032a\u02e0\u0259sg] = chess, backgammon, draughts \/ checkers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tawlish<\/strong> = draughts \/ checkers<br \/>\n<strong>tawlish beg<\/strong> = draughts \/ checkers<br \/>\n<strong>tawlish mooar<\/strong> = backgammon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tawlfwrdd, towlfwrdd, tolfwrdd<\/strong> = a board game similar to chess, game-board; chess; chessboard, draughtboard<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Old Norse <em>tafl<\/em> (chess-like game, chess, backgammon), from the Latin <em>tabula<\/em> (tablet; board, plank)  [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ceantar.org\/Dicts\/MB2\/mb37.html#MB.T\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/books\/reader?id=CwUGAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for chess and related things in Celtic languages. According to legend, the ancient Irish game of fidchell was invented by Lugh (god of light and inspiration) in the 9th century. It played an important role in the celebrations at the Festival of Lughnasa (in August), and was played by [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,26,19,20,21,3,36,22,77,37,27,71,10,11,12,67,13,23,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6593","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-english-englisch","category-middle-irish","category-nouns","category-old-english-aenglisc","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-germanic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6593","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6593"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6593\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6595,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6593\/revisions\/6595"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6593"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6593"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6593"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}