{"id":6578,"date":"2022-05-05T15:13:44","date_gmt":"2022-05-05T14:13:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6578"},"modified":"2022-05-05T15:13:45","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T14:13:45","slug":"bolts-and-locks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/05\/05\/bolts-and-locks\/","title":{"rendered":"Bolts and Locks"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for <strong>locks<\/strong>, <strong>bolts<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/spodzone\/988592570\/in\/photolist-2vmN8u-ddojP4-jivGoN-rJP1Fy-ShV28L-7JYYvt-ou29fq-e5xPSr-oeq1gh-8KacW8-8buNpC-ouaddr-ovr6mn-owe3sP-7ufzvh-rXz49r-2m2akVP-VXr6Xw-2nf1tWo-BCQVo-7q9CcF-56JkqV-hjadZ-QJWAL9-tRGucc-sdHs7B-56Mmz5-28EWFZq-MEniyd-tLRbD-QdVFRA-NU7cKS-XC3J42-hnVLv-9N33qy-4DBf22-89zUqG-NYzMS1-akk33X-2mh4ids-JUFX58-rcCeg9-iKrUr5-89zTGG-2jaKFVp-2gkreRq-2cLbf-31gMWy-9NH9LR-2hcakCT\" title=\"shed door bolt lock\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/1022\/988592570_84ed8b9d90_z.jpg\" alt=\"shed door bolt lock\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kl\u0101wos<\/strong> = bolt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cl\u00f3, clo\u00eb<\/strong> = nail, spike<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cl\u00f3<\/strong> [kl\u02e0o\u02d0] = form, shape, appearance; impression, mould; print, type; nail, spike<br \/>\n<strong>cl\u00f3bhuail<\/strong> = print<br \/>\n<strong>cl\u00f3chur<\/strong> = (type) setting<br \/>\n<strong>cl\u00f3churad\u00f3ir<\/strong> = type-setter<br \/>\n<strong>cl\u00f3d\u00f3ir<\/strong> = printer, dyer<br \/>\n<strong>cl\u00f3d\u00f3ireacht<\/strong> = printing; dyeing, colouring; misrepresentation<br \/>\n<strong>cl\u00f3ghrafa\u00edocht<\/strong> = typography<br \/>\n<strong>cl\u00f3phreas<\/strong> = printing press<br \/>\n<strong>cl\u00f3scr\u00edobh<\/strong> = typing, typewriting; to type<br \/>\n<strong>cl\u00f3-eagar<\/strong> = composition<br \/>\n<strong>cl\u00f3-eagra\u00ed<\/strong> = compositor<br \/>\n<strong>cl\u00f3-eagraigh<\/strong> = to compose<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cl\u00f2<\/strong> [kl\u032a\u02e0\u0254\u02d0] = cloth, woven material, tweed; print; imprint; spike, nail; peg, pin<br \/>\n<strong>cl\u00f2-bhualadh<\/strong> = printing, publication, printout<br \/>\n<strong>cl\u00f2-bhualadair<\/strong> = printer (<em>machine &amp; printing house<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>cl\u00f2-ghrafachd<\/strong> = typography<br \/>\n<strong>cl\u00f2-sgr\u00ecobhadair<\/strong> = typist, typewriter<br \/>\n<strong>cl\u00f2-shuidheachadh<\/strong> = typesetting<br \/>\n<strong>Cl\u00f2 na Hearadh<\/strong> = Harris Tweed<br \/>\n<strong>cruth-cl\u00f2<\/strong> = font<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>clou<\/strong> = edition, print, printed matter, printing press, publication, type<br \/>\n<strong>clouder<\/strong> = printer<br \/>\n<strong>clougraafeeaght<\/strong> = typography<br \/>\n<strong>clouscreeudeyr<\/strong> = typist<br \/>\n<strong>clou doo, clou trome<\/strong> = bold type<br \/>\n<strong>clou Gaelgagh<\/strong> = Gaelic type<br \/>\n<strong>clou gorrym<\/strong> = blueprint<br \/>\n<strong>soiaghey clou<\/strong> = type-setting<br \/>\n<strong>soieder clou<\/strong> = type-setter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kl\u1ecdw<\/strong> = bolt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>clo, klo<\/strong> = lock, bolt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>clo<\/strong> [klo\u02d0] = lock, bolt; impediment, difficulty; brake; cluster, bunch; conclusion<br \/>\n<strong>ar glo<\/strong> = locked<br \/>\n<strong>clo clap, clo clec, clo clwt<\/strong> = padlock<br \/>\n<strong>clo rheswm<\/strong> = conclusion<br \/>\n<strong>cyfnod clo<\/strong> = lockdown<br \/>\n<strong>tan glo (ac allwydd)<\/strong> = locked (up), under lock and key<br \/>\n<strong>cload<\/strong> = locking, end, conclusion, closure<br \/>\n<strong>cloadwy<\/strong> = lockable, locked, final<br \/>\n<strong>clo\u00ebdig, cloiedig<\/strong> = locked, secure, closed, concealed, bound, confined<br \/>\n<strong>cloi<\/strong> = to lock, shut, bind, clinch, conclude<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>clou<\/strong> = bolt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>clao<\/strong> = bolt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>klaou<\/strong> = gear, key, mesh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong> from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*kleh\u2082w-os<\/em> (bolt, bar, hook), from <em>*(s)kleh\u2082w-<\/em> (hook, crook, peg) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/kl%C4%81wos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE root, via the Latin <em>cl\u0101vis<\/em> (key), include: <strong>chiave<\/strong> (key, spanner) in Italian, <strong>cl\u00e9<\/strong> (key, wrench, spanner) and <strong>clef<\/strong> (clef (in music)) in French, <strong>clef<\/strong>, <strong>clavicle<\/strong> and <strong>clavichord<\/strong> in English, and <strong>llave<\/strong> (key, spanner, wrench, tap, spigot, switch) in Spanish [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/clavis#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>I can\u2019t find a cognate word in Cornish. A lock is a <strong>strother<\/strong>, and a bolt is a <strong>ebil<\/strong>. The origins of these words are not known.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/books\/reader?id=CwUGAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for locks, bolts and related things in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *kl\u0101wos = bolt Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) cl\u00f3, clo\u00eb = nail, spike Irish (Gaeilge) cl\u00f3 [kl\u02e0o\u02d0] = form, shape, appearance; impression, mould; print, type; nail, spike cl\u00f3bhuail = print cl\u00f3chur = (type) setting cl\u00f3churad\u00f3ir = type-setter cl\u00f3d\u00f3ir = printer, dyer [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,26,19,20,44,21,83,3,36,22,5,7,27,8,10,11,12,13,23,82,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-gaeilge-irish","category-italian-italiano","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6578","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6578"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6578\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6580,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6578\/revisions\/6580"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}