{"id":6522,"date":"2022-04-17T13:43:37","date_gmt":"2022-04-17T12:43:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6522"},"modified":"2024-07-25T12:53:34","modified_gmt":"2024-07-25T11:53:34","slug":"fathers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/04\/17\/fathers\/","title":{"rendered":"Fathers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&rsquo;re looking at the words for <strong>father<\/strong> and related people in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/frosch50\/29488154021\/in\/photolist-LVLuQD-fEvkr5-47UZA-8BiTqq-2Jy9pn-66rxh-8Ea5z4-opmh7c-8fiyT-8BiSDq-5H2mC-8BiSss-8BfM4a-8BfLAp-5vt97Q-8BfL3K-nC5agR-8rk6W-8BfLVF-opkRXm-8BiT4h-5mz4Bu-6yj8dV-2iiGBPf-KhhYY-6yj8Kp-zbH6C-6yoh35-59UDXu-9mpfLF-N4fbfE-dVcr77-rvzgs5-oFyBQV-oFQ4hk-6yopqU-6yonu9-oFNoyN-6yohJL-6yom8f-gWEoh-btYKuE-6yoouh-7j5Hs-ARmj4d-4Nro9g-JUBSx-59Qpde-47doMj-6yoirw\" title=\"Father &amp; son\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/8425\/29488154021_8982d65141_z.jpg\" alt=\"Father &amp; son\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*&#632;at&#299;r<\/strong> [&#712;&#632;a.ti&#720;r] = father<br>\n<strong>*&#632;atriyos<\/strong> = paternal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ath(a)ir<\/strong> [&#712;a&theta;&#616;r&#690;] = father<br>\n<strong>athramail<\/strong> = fatherly, paternal, fatherlike<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>athair, athir<\/strong> = father<br>\n<strong>aithre, aithreacha<\/strong> = parents, forefathers, ancestor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>athair<\/strong> [&#712;&#593;h&#601;&#638;&#690;\/&#712;ah&aelig;&#638;&#690;] = father, ancestor, sire<br>\n<strong>aithri&uacute;il<\/strong> = fatherly<br>\n<strong>ardathair<\/strong> = patriarch<br>\n<strong>athair m&oacute;r<\/strong> = maternity, fatherhood<br>\n<strong>leasathair<\/strong> = stepfather<br>\n<strong>seanathair<\/strong> = grandfather<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>athair<\/strong> [ah&#618;r&#690;] = father, progenitor, sire<br>\n<strong>athair-baistidh<\/strong> = godfather<br>\n<strong>athair-c&egrave;ile<\/strong> = father-in-law<br>\n<strong>br&agrave;thair-athar<\/strong> = parternal uncle<br>\n<strong>leas-athair<\/strong> = stepfather<br>\n<strong>piuthar-athar<\/strong> = parternal aunt<br>\n<strong>pr&igrave;omh-athair<\/strong> = forefather, patriarch<br>\n<strong>taobh athar<\/strong> = paternal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ayr<\/strong> [&#712;e&#720;ar] = father, matron, mater, queen, dam; focus, fountainhead, generator<br>\n<strong>ayroil<\/strong> = fatherly, parternal<br>\n<strong>ayrvarroo<\/strong> = patricide<br>\n<strong>shennayr<\/strong> = grandfather<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh<\/th>\n<td><strong>-atr<\/strong> = ?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong> from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*ph&#8322;t&#7703;r<\/em> (father) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/%C9%B8at%C4%ABr\">source<\/a>]. Words  from the same PIE root include <strong>father<\/strong>, <strong>padre<\/strong>, <strong>paternal<\/strong> in English, and <strong>Vatter<\/strong> (father) in German [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/ph%E2%82%82t%E1%B8%97r\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*attyo-, *attiyos<\/strong> = father, foster-father<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aite<\/strong> [&#712;ad&#690;e] = foster-father; tutor, teacher<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aite<\/strong> = foster-father, tutor, teacher<br>\n<strong>aitecht<\/strong> = tutorage, instruction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>oide<\/strong> [&#712;&#603;d&#690;&#601;] = foster-father; tutor, teacher<br>\n<strong>oideachas<\/strong> = education<br>\n<strong>oideachas&oacute;ir<\/strong> = educationalist<br>\n<strong>oideachas&uacute;il<\/strong> = educational<br>\n<strong>oideas<\/strong> = instruction, teaching, prescription, recipe<br>\n<strong>oideoir<\/strong> = educator<br>\n<strong>oideola&iacute;och<\/strong> = pedagogic(al)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>oide<\/strong> [&#612;d&#690;&#601;] = tutor, foster-father, stepfather, godfather<br>\n<strong>oide-altraim<\/strong> = foster-father<br>\n<strong>oide-baistidh<\/strong> = godfather<br>\n<strong>oide-foghlaim<\/strong> = instructor<br>\n<strong>oide-ionnsachaidh<\/strong> = tutor<br>\n<strong>oide-sgoile<\/strong> = schoolmaster<br>\n<strong>oidich<\/strong> = instruction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gedjey<\/strong> = foster-father, godfather, guardian, sponsor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong> from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*&aacute;tta<\/em> (father) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/%C3%A1tta\">source<\/a>]. <\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*tatos<\/strong> = dad, daddy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*tad<\/strong> = father<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tad<\/strong> = father<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tad<\/strong> [ta&#720;d] = father<br>\n<strong>tadaidd<\/strong> = fatherly, paternal<br>\n<strong>tadeiddiad<\/strong> = fatherhood<br>\n<strong>tadenw<\/strong> = patronymic<br>\n<strong>tadol<\/strong> = paternal, fatherly, inherited from the father<br>\n<strong>tadu<\/strong> = to father (a child), become a father; ascribe, attribute (to)<br>\n<strong>tadwlad<\/strong> = fatherland, native land<br>\n<strong>tadwys<\/strong> = family, lineage, fatherhood<br>\n<strong>tadwysaeth<\/strong> = paternity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>tat<\/strong> = father<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tad, tat<\/strong> = father<br>\n<strong>tadvath, tatvat<\/strong> = nurser, breeder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernwek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tas<\/strong> [ta&#720;z\/t&aelig;&#720;z] = father<br>\n<strong>tasek<\/strong> = patron<br>\n<strong>tasrewl<\/strong> = patriarchy<br>\n<strong>tasveth<\/strong> = foster-father<br>\n<strong>tas bejydh<\/strong> = godfather<br>\n<strong>tas gwynn<\/strong> = grandfather<br>\n<strong>Tas Nadelik<\/strong> = Father Christmas<br>\n<strong>tas sans<\/strong> = patron saint<br>\n<strong>ugheldas<\/strong> = patriarch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>tat<\/strong> = father<br>\n<strong>tadelez<\/strong> = paternity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tad<\/strong> [&#712;t&#593;&#720;t] = father<br>\n<strong>tadeg<\/strong> = father-in-law<br>\n<strong>tadek<\/strong> = paternal<br>\n<strong>tadelezh<\/strong> = paternity<br>\n<strong>tadig<\/strong> = dad, daddy<br>\n<strong>tad-kaer<\/strong> = father-in-law<br>\n<strong>tad-kozh<\/strong> = grandfather<br>\n<strong>tad-ku&ntilde;v<\/strong> = great-grandfather<br>\n<strong>tata<\/strong> = dad<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong> from the Proto-Celtic <em>*attiyos<\/em> (father, foster-father), the Proto-Indo-European <em>*&aacute;tta<\/em> (father) [<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\/page\/n49\/mode\/2up\">source<\/a>]. The English word <strong>dad<\/strong> possibly has Celtic roots [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/dad#English\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*altraw&#363;<\/strong> = foster uncle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go&iacute;delc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>altra<\/strong> = foster-father<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>altra<\/strong> = foster-father<br>\n<strong>altrannas<\/strong> = fostering, fosterage, nurture<br>\n<strong>banaltra<\/strong> = foster-mother, nurse<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>altra<\/strong> [&#712;&#603;d&#690;&#601;] = nurse (gender-neutral), foster-father&dagger;<br>\n<strong>banaltra<\/strong> = (female) nurse<br>\n<strong>altram<\/strong> = fosterage<br>\n<strong>altrama&iacute;<\/strong> = fosterer, foster-parent<br>\n<strong>altramaigh<\/strong> = to foster<br>\n<strong>altranas<\/strong> = nursing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G&agrave;idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>altram<\/strong> [al&#810;&#736;dr&#601;m] = nursing, nurturing, dandling, fostering, fosterage, rearing<br>\n<strong>altraim<\/strong> = nurse, nurture, dandle, foster, rear<br>\n<strong>altrach<\/strong> = fosterer, one who fosters, nurse<br>\n<strong>banaltram<\/strong> [ban&#810;&#736;al&#810;&#736;dr&#601;m] = nurse, wet-nurse<br>\n<strong>neach-altram<\/strong> = nurse, nursing profession<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>boandyr<\/strong> = nanny, nurse, nursemaid<br>\n<strong>boandyrys<\/strong> = to nourish, nurse, nursing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*alltr&#7885;w<\/strong> = ?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>athro, athraw<\/strong> = teacher, instructor, tutor<br>\n<strong>athrawes, athravves<\/strong> = female teacher, tutor, governess, school mistress<br>\n<strong>athronddysg, athrondysc, athronddysc<\/strong> = doctrine, teaching, instruction, learning<br>\n<strong>alldra&#7933;, alldraw<\/strong> = godfather, godparent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>athro<\/strong> [&#712;a&theta;r&#596;] = teacher, instructor, tutor, doctor (of law, literature, etc), scholar, master, professor<br>\n<strong>athrawes<\/strong> [a&#712;&theta;rau&#815;&#603;s] = female teacher, tutor, governess, school mistress<br>\n<strong>athronddysg<\/strong> = doctrine, teaching, instruction, learning<br>\n<strong>alltraw<\/strong> [&#712;a&#620;trau&#815;] = godfather, godparent; (ecclesiastical) sponsor, representative, attorney<br>\n<strong>alltrewes<\/strong> [a&#620;&#712;trau&#815;&#603;s] = godmother<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>alltrow<\/strong> = stepfather<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>altrou<\/strong> = stepfather<br>\n<strong>altruan<\/strong> = stepmother<br>\n<strong>aultra<\/strong> = godfather<br>\n<strong>aultruan<\/strong> = godmother<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernwek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>altrow<\/strong> = stepfather<br>\n<strong>altrewen<\/strong> = stepmother<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>altro<\/strong> = foster-father<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>autrou, otrou, eutreu<\/strong> = lord, foster-father<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aotro&ugrave;<\/strong> [&#712;&#596;.tru] = lord, gentleman, Mr<br>\n<strong>aotrouniaj<\/strong> = lordly, stately, manorial, seigneurial<br>\n<strong>aotrouiek<\/strong> = seigneurial, authoritarian.<br>\n<strong>aotrouniekaat<\/strong> = to act authoritarian<br>\n<strong>aotrouiezh<\/strong> = authority<br>\n<strong>aotrounius<\/strong> = imperious<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong> from the Proto-Celtic <em>*altros<\/em> (foster), from <em>*altos<\/em> (nourished, fostered) + <em>*aw&#363;<\/em> (uncle), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European <em>*h&#8322;&eacute;wh&#8322;os<\/em> (maternal grandfather, maternal uncle). Words from the same roots include <strong>uncle<\/strong> in English, <strong>abbi<\/strong> (grandfather, old man) in Faroese, and <strong>oncle<\/strong> (uncle) in French [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/altraw%C5%AB\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &ndash; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D&uacute;il B&eacute;lrai English &ndash; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/An_Etymological_Dictionary_of_the_Gaelic_Language\">An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &ndash; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/my.kualo.com\/uk\/go\/00572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.kualo.com\/rewards\/uk-unlimited2-468x60.gif\" width=\"468\" height=\"60\" border=\"0\" alt=\"Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo\"><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for father and related people in Celtic languages. Words marked with a * are reconstructions. Proto-Celtic *\u0278at\u012br [\u02c8\u0278a.ti\u02d0r] = father *\u0278atriyos = paternal Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) ath(a)ir [\u02c8a\u03b8\u0268r\u02b2] = father athramail = fatherly, paternal, fatherlike Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) athair, athir = father aithre, aithreacha = parents, forefathers, ancestor Irish [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,19,20,108,103,61,21,3,5,6,37,7,27,8,9,10,40,11,12,13,23,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6522","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-family","category-faroese-foroyskt-mal","category-german","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-middle-breton","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6522","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6522"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6522\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8311,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6522\/revisions\/8311"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6522"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6522"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6522"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}