{"id":6514,"date":"2022-04-09T12:38:00","date_gmt":"2022-04-09T11:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6514"},"modified":"2022-04-09T12:39:53","modified_gmt":"2022-04-09T11:39:53","slug":"dough","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2022\/04\/09\/dough\/","title":{"rendered":"Dough"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for <strong>dough<\/strong> and related things in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/lonbinder\/3524375954\/in\/photolist-6nrmbE-7DmLv8-onAN76-5VruME-fLC2o-gn5nnt-bgHmUV-oDNZCr-5GeL2s-7sAkfz-Mku5AZ-f5DAay-8vo5Rz-9ob64w-5LhkdT-9vdic9-dgC4c-oDSbaA-5LhkxM-6QjfS7-7sh4Si-ouv2b-5P26XM-9hqHAn-9HR6gP-n4RN31-89LY3T-Mow5X-4s57Lk-4s9aSS-2aCUDk-4s57Dv-7jrK9b-3mSJLL-a5zdXH-mhghoD-bczktZ-5AoTFZ-4mWNcB-9HTWSh-7iqvBL-emj2M6-doo6Vf-7D4HqN-2whwV3-4s57vx-6Krr1w-aoBbTX-8EgoqZ-n4RPuu\" title=\"Rested Pasta Dough 2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/3405\/3524375954_1b78e633eb_z.jpg\" alt=\"Rested Pasta Dough 2\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*taistos, *taysto-<\/strong> = dough<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ta\u00eds, ta\u00e9s<\/strong> [\u02c8tai\u032fs] = dough<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>t\u00f3es, t\u00e1es<\/strong> = dough<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>taos<\/strong> [t\u032a\u02e0e\u02d0s\u02e0\/t\u032a\u02e0i\u02d0s\u02e0\/t\u032a\u02e0i\u02d0s\u02e0] = dough, paste<br \/>\n<strong>taosach<\/strong> = doughy, pasty<br \/>\n<strong>taosaigh<\/strong> = to paste<br \/>\n<strong>taosr\u00e1n<\/strong> = pastry<br \/>\n<strong>taoschn\u00f3<\/strong> = doughnut<br \/>\n<strong>taos fiacla<\/strong> = toothpaste<br \/>\n<strong>taos g\u00e9ar<\/strong> = sourdough<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>taois<\/strong> [t\u026f\u02d0\u0283] = dough, paste<br \/>\n<strong>taoiseach<\/strong> = doughy, pasty<br \/>\n<strong>taoiseag<\/strong> = doughnut<br \/>\n<strong>taois-uighe<\/strong> = (egg) batter<br \/>\n<strong>taois-chailce<\/strong> = putty<br \/>\n<strong>taois gheur<\/strong> = sourdough<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>teayst<\/strong> = dough, pastry, paste<br \/>\n<strong>teaystag<\/strong> = dumpling<br \/>\n<strong>teaystagh<\/strong> = doughy, ill-baked, pasty, under-cooked<br \/>\n<strong>teaystyn, teaystnee<\/strong> = to knead<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*to\u0268s<\/strong> = dough<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>toes<\/strong> = (lump of) dough or pastry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>toes<\/strong> [to\u02d0\u0268\u032fs\/t\u0254i\u032fs] = (lump of) dough or pastry, paste, sticky mass<br \/>\n<strong>toesaidd<\/strong> = doughy, doughlike<br \/>\n<strong>toesen<\/strong> = lump of dough, doughnut<br \/>\n<strong>toesi<\/strong> = to make into dough, become a dough, knead, soften<br \/>\n<strong>toeslud<\/strong> = putty<br \/>\n<strong>toeslyd<\/strong> = doughy, doughlike, badly baked, soft, pasty, sticky, clammy, stodgy, heavy<br \/>\n<strong>surdoes<\/strong> = leaven, sourdough, ferment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>toos<\/strong> = dough<br \/>\n<strong>know toos<\/strong> = doughnuts<br \/>\n<strong>toos alamandys<\/strong> = marzipan<br \/>\n<strong>toos gwari<\/strong> = playdough<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>toas<\/strong> = dough, batter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>toaz<\/strong> = dough, batter<br \/>\n<strong>toazadur<\/strong> = thickening, pastiness<br \/>\n<strong>toazenn<\/strong> = noodle<br \/>\n<strong>toazenner<\/strong> = pasta machine<br \/>\n<strong>toazenno\u00f9<\/strong> = pasta<br \/>\n<strong>toazennek<\/strong> = pasted, thickened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong> possibly from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*teh\u2082ys-t-<\/em> (dough), from <em>*teh\u2082-<\/em> (to knead, melt, flow) [<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\/page\/n375\/mode\/2up?view=theater&amp;ui=embed&amp;wrapper=false\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE root include <strong>desem<\/strong> (sourdough, leaven, yeast) in Dutch, <strong>t\u011bsto<\/strong> (dough) in Czech, <strong>ciasto<\/strong> (dough, batter, cake, pie) in Polish, <strong>\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e<\/strong> [\u02c8t\u02b2est\u0259] (dough, paste, batter) in Russian, and <strong>\u0442\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e<\/strong> [\u02c8t\u02b2ist\u0254] (dough) in Ukrainian [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/ta%C3%ADs#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/books\/reader?id=CwUGAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover\">Gerlyvyr Cernewec<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/shareasale.com\/r.cfm?b=1775355&amp;u=184793&amp;m=70611&amp;urllink=&amp;afftrack=\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.shareasale.com\/image\/70611\/728x90_00.jpg\" alt=\"italki - Win cash rewards for learning any language\" width=\"630\" height=\"78\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today we&#8217;re looking at the words for dough and related things in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *taistos, *taysto- = dough Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) ta\u00eds, ta\u00e9s [\u02c8tai\u032fs] = dough Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) t\u00f3es, t\u00e1es = dough Irish (Gaeilge) taos [t\u032a\u02e0e\u02d0s\u02e0\/t\u032a\u02e0i\u02d0s\u02e0\/t\u032a\u02e0i\u02d0s\u02e0] = dough, paste taosach = doughy, pasty taosaigh = to paste taosr\u00e1n = pastry taoschn\u00f3 = doughnut [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,75,81,19,20,96,21,3,5,37,7,27,10,105,11,12,13,106,107,43,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6514","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-czech-cestina","category-dutch-nederlands","category-english","category-etymology","category-food","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-middle-breton","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-polish-polski","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-russian-","category-ukrainian-","category-verbs","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6514","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6514"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6514\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6516,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6514\/revisions\/6516"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6514"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6514"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6514"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}