{"id":6317,"date":"2021-12-23T14:57:02","date_gmt":"2021-12-23T14:57:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6317"},"modified":"2021-12-31T18:46:24","modified_gmt":"2021-12-31T18:46:24","slug":"steps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2021\/12\/23\/steps\/","title":{"rendered":"Steps"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>steps<\/strong> and related words in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/bizlo\/7002264891\/in\/photolist-SuNAXm-SjEjAf-7yihip-93S1P8-2kmhN5e-yUx8ru-995tx9-qFhrSH-3KU11t-4Ddf1Q-tMAfVH-hQm23-6yHFFN-cK8du3-bKYCgV-7WW6zB-cDErmC-5161D1-6uQwpZ-d6GQC7-e4XKan-deqtNE-uSbW1e-48ohrj-rAisAo-6XvL16-4Jo4f2-daW6oj-jotjdD-jotiDH-9VRVGy-8ErDdi-ab9roU-28TNv9y-6ZehCf-NPULk-3zvmZG-p58eSJ-9H28ZR-2bzF4bw-82Z9qQ-4TUWHC-8yEcTq-3iW77P-6iTgFs-8aEXDv-bELrp2-8qD4kq-avJy56-5Jp4CD\" title=\"Medieval Estella.\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/7121\/7002264891_e1e1a115ff_z.jpg\" alt=\"Medieval Estella.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kanxsman<\/strong> = step, act of stepping<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kamman<\/strong> = step<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>c\u00e9imm<\/strong> [\u02c8k\u02b2e\u02d0m\u02b2] = step; rank (in a hierarchy)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>c\u00e9im<\/strong> [ce\u02d0m\u02b2] = step, degree, rank, pass, ravine, difficulty<br \/>\n<strong>c\u00e9imnigh<\/strong> = to step, grade, graduate<br \/>\n<strong>c\u00e9imni\u00fa<\/strong> = stepping, tread, grading, graduation<br \/>\n<strong>aisch\u00e9im<\/strong> = backward step<br \/>\n<strong>ardch\u00e9im<\/strong> = high rank, dignity, higher degree<br \/>\n<strong>bunch\u00e9im<\/strong> = primary degree, positive (degree)<br \/>\n<strong>coisc\u00e9im<\/strong> = footstep, pace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ceum<\/strong> [k\u02b2e\u02d0m]  = step, footstep, pace, tread, path, degree, measure<br \/>\n<strong>cois-cheum<\/strong> = step, pace<br \/>\n<strong>ceum-coise<\/strong> = footstep, footpath<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>keim<\/strong> = phase, step, degree, stage, standard, stile, grade<br \/>\n<strong>keimagh<\/strong> = postgraduate<br \/>\n<strong>keimee<\/strong> = to graduate, promote<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kamman <\/strong> = step<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh<\/th>\n<td><strong>cemmein<\/strong> = step<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cam, camm, kam<\/strong> = step<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cam<\/strong> [kam] = step, stride, pace, leap, foot-fall, footprint, trace, progress<br \/>\n<strong>camu, camaf<\/strong> = to step over, take a stride, take strides, pace<br \/>\n<strong>cam\u00e2d<\/strong> = stile<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>kamm<\/strong> = pace, step, track<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>cam<\/strong> = step<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>kamm<\/strong> = pace, walk tread, (foot)step<br \/>\n<strong>kammed<\/strong> = step<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Celtic <em>*kengeti<\/em> (to step), from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*(s)keng-<\/em> (to limp, walk lamely) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/kanxsman\">source<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same Gaulish root (<strong>*kamman<\/strong>) include: <strong>camm\u012bnus<\/strong> (way) in Latin, <strong>camino<\/strong> (track, path, road, way, route, journey) and <strong>caminar<\/strong> (to walk, stroll, travel) in Spanish, <strong>caminho<\/strong> (way, road, path) in Portugese, <strong>cammino<\/strong> (walk, path, way) and <strong>camminare<\/strong> (to walk, work (function)) in Italian, and <strong>chemin<\/strong> (path, way, pathway) in French [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/camminus#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.logainm.ie\/en\/s?txt=gls%3a106-lios&amp;pag=-1\">logainm.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/devri.bzh\/\">Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/geriafurch.bzh\/br\">Geriafurch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/create.blubrry.com\/resources\/podcast-media-hosting\/?code=omniglot\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/images\/banners\/banner_blubrry.png\" alt=\"Blubrry podcast hosting\" width=\"728\" height=\"90\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for steps and related words in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *kanxsman = step, act of stepping Gaulish *kamman = step Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) c\u00e9imm [\u02c8k\u02b2e\u02d0m\u02b2] = step; rank (in a hierarchy) Irish (Gaeilge) c\u00e9im [ce\u02d0m\u02b2] = step, degree, rank, pass, ravine, difficulty c\u00e9imnigh = to step, grade, graduate c\u00e9imni\u00fa = stepping, tread, grading, graduation aisch\u00e9im [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,26,19,20,44,21,83,3,36,22,5,7,27,10,40,93,11,12,13,23,82,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6317","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-french","category-gaeilge-irish","category-italian-italiano","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-portuguese-portugues","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6317","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6317"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6317\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6321,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6317\/revisions\/6321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6317"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6317"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6317"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}