{"id":6280,"date":"2021-11-24T13:24:06","date_gmt":"2021-11-24T13:24:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6280"},"modified":"2021-12-01T21:00:53","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T21:00:53","slug":"trousers-socks-and-sites","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2021\/11\/24\/trousers-socks-and-sites\/","title":{"rendered":"Trousers, Socks and Sites"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>trousers<\/strong>, <strong>socks<\/strong>, <strong>sites<\/strong> and related words in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/nickstenning\/20074777\/in\/photolist-2LTwR-a6jDfe-v9i7BZ-dbun7c-2mDNbR3-ZAK6HE-iEsvq-5WpSxu-HceMLU-aHu3Y8-e7Wcwq-dF1Kqp-2bJLzSj-dUaQGX-aweRoL-2hDvB22-zEc5hx-2eyvWhV-djHSpr-2hLbeqy-695u8Q-sk2vd-7xumzx-7YwWpk-2gyicZ-zXCwZa-2767tNH-n9QKAP-2cGa1My-8hW6QL-6iYWd-JbFCVZ-2mGf4sv-52WXT-2jZgzhz-tn6yx-2aBcaYK-8a335a-2mBjDAs-2mBjEU9-ESdu7M-6jdMgk-vkLR3E-ydTYdn-2hdYacT-2kE45GC-b6iwyk-2iGfCtK-27Ua5Bp-Qtq3YM\" title=\"Red Trousers\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/17\/20074777_edb50b1596_z.jpg\" alt=\"Red Trousers\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*\u0278l\u0101trom<\/strong> = flat position<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>l\u00e1thar<\/strong> [\u02c8l\u0348a\u02d0\u03b8ar] = arrangement, disposition<br \/>\n<strong>l\u00e1thraid<\/strong> [\u02c8l\u0348a\u02d0\u03b8r\u0268\u00f0\u02b2] = to arrange, to dispose<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>l\u00e1thair<\/strong> [\u02c8l\u032a\u02e0\u0251\u02d0h\u0259\u027e\u02b2\/\u02c8l\u032a\u02e0\u00e6h\u0259\u027e\u02b2] = place, spot, site, location; presence<br \/>\n<strong>as l\u00e1thair<\/strong> = absent<br \/>\n<strong>faoi l\u00e1thair<\/strong> = at present<br \/>\n<strong>i l\u00e1thair<\/strong> = present<br \/>\n<strong>l\u00e1ithreach<\/strong> = ruined site, ruin, trace; imprint; present (tense)<br \/>\n<strong>l\u00e1ithreacht<\/strong> = presence<br \/>\n<strong>l\u00e1ithre\u00e1n<\/strong> = piece of ground, place, site; ruined, vacated site; floor, space; set<br \/>\n<strong>l\u00e1ithreog<\/strong> = small site; trace, mark; small well-built girl<br \/>\n<strong>l\u00e1ithrigh<\/strong> = to present oneself, appear<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>l\u00e0thair<\/strong> [l\u032a\u02e0a\u02d0.\u026ar\u02b2] = presence, venue<br \/>\n<strong>an l\u00e0thair<\/strong> = present, here, in attendance; extant; in existence<br \/>\n<strong>neo-l\u00e0thair<\/strong> = absent<br \/>\n<strong>neo-l\u00e0thaireachd<\/strong> = absence<br \/>\n<strong>l\u00e0thaireach<\/strong> = present<br \/>\n<strong>l\u00e0thaireachd<\/strong> = presence; attendance; atmosphere<br \/>\n<strong>uile-l\u00e0thaireachd<\/strong> = omnipresence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>laaragh<\/strong> = centric(al), stage, centre, venue, site<br \/>\n<strong>emshir-laaragh<\/strong> = present tense<br \/>\n<strong>neuaaragh, assaaragh<\/strong> = absent<br \/>\n<strong>ooilley-laaragh<\/strong> = ubiquitous<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*l\u1ecddr<\/strong> = leg covering<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>llauder, llahudyr, llawdyr, llodr<\/strong> = trousers, breeches, hose<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>llawdr<\/strong> [\u02c8\u026ca\u02d0u\u032fdr] = trousers, breeches, hose<br \/>\n<strong>llawdrog, llodrog<\/strong> = wearing breeches, bedraggled<br \/>\n<strong>llawdrwisg<\/strong> = breeches<br \/>\n<strong>llawdrwr, llodrydd, llodrwr<\/strong> = breeches-maker<br \/>\n<strong>llaesu llawdr<\/strong> = to undo one\u2019s trousers (to ease oneself)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>loder<\/strong> = sock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lodrik<\/strong> = sock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>louzr<\/strong> = sock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>loer<\/strong> = sock, (trouser) leg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*pleh\u2082-<\/em> (flat) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/l%C3%A1thar#Old_Irish\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>From the same PIE root we also get Celtic words for <strong>hand<\/strong>, from the Proto-Celtic <em>*\u0278l\u0101m\u0101<\/em> (palm, hand) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/%C9%B8l%C4%81m%C4%81\">source<\/a>], which was borrowed from Old Irish into Old Norse and became <strong>l\u00e1mur<\/strong> (flipper, paw, left hand) in Faroese [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/l%C3%A1mur#Faroese\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words for floor and ground in Celtic languages also come from the same PIE root, via the Proto-Celtic <em>*\u0278l\u0101rom<\/em> (floor) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/%C9%B8l%C4%81rom\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>English words from the same PIE root include <strong>floor<\/strong>, <strong>palm<\/strong>, <strong>piano<\/strong>, <strong>plain<\/strong>, <strong>plan<\/strong> and <strong>plane<\/strong>, and also <strong>Poland<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Category:English_terms_derived_from_the_Proto-Indo-European_root_*pleh%E2%82%82-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>br\u00edste<\/strong> [\u02c8b\u02b2\u027e\u02b2i\u02d0\u0283t\u02b2\u0259] = trousers; <em>breeching<\/em> (of harness); <em>roe<\/em> (of pollock)<br \/>\n<strong>br\u00edst\u00edn<\/strong> = panties, knickers<br \/>\n<strong>fobhr\u00edste<\/strong> = underpants<br \/>\n<strong>forbhr\u00edste<\/strong> = overalls<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>briogais<\/strong> [br\u02b2ig\u026a\u0283] = trousers, breeches<br \/>\n<strong>briogais-ghl\u00f9ine<\/strong> = shorts, plus fours<br \/>\n<strong>briogais-ghoirid, briogais-bheag<\/strong> = shorts<br \/>\n<strong>briogais-shn\u00e0imh<\/strong> = swimming trunks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bree\u00e7hyn<\/strong> = breeches<br \/>\n<strong>bree\u00e7hyn glioonagh<\/strong> = knee breeches<br \/>\n<strong>bree\u00e7hyn markee<\/strong> = riding breeches<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>brits(h)<\/strong> = breeches<br \/>\n<strong>britis pen-(g)lin<\/strong> = knee-breeches<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bragez<\/strong> =  knickers, panties, breeches<br \/>\n<strong>bragez vihan<\/strong> = underpants, briefs, pants, panties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the English <strong>breeches<\/strong>, from the Middle English <em>brech(e), brek<\/em> (breeches), from the Old English <em>br\u0113\u010b<\/em> (underpants), from the Proto-Germanic <em>*br\u014dkiz<\/em>, from <em>*br\u014dks<\/em> (leggings, pants, trousers; rear end, rump) the Proto-Indo-European <em>*b\u02b0reg-<\/em> (to break, crack, split) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic\/br%C5%8Dks\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>triubhas<\/strong> = closs-fitting shorts<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tri\u00fas<\/strong> = (pair of) trousers, trews<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>triubhas<\/strong> [tru.\u0259s] = trousers, trews<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>troosyn<\/strong> = slacks, pants, trews, tights, trouser, knickers<br \/>\n<strong>troosyn \u00e7hionn<\/strong> = pantaloons<br \/>\n<strong>troosyn giarey<\/strong> = short trousers<br \/>\n<strong>troosyn markee<\/strong> = jodhpurs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>trywsus, trywser, trowsus<\/strong> [\u02c8trou\u032fs\u0268\u031es\/\u02c8trou\u032fs\u026as] = trousers, breeches, knickers, panties<br \/>\n<strong>trywsus bach<\/strong> = shorts, short trouserse, knickerbockers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bragez<\/strong> =  knickers, panties, breeches<br \/>\n<strong>bragez vihan<\/strong> = underpants, briefs, pants, panties<br \/>\n<strong>brago\u00f9<\/strong> = trousers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong> (Welsh): from the English <strong>trousers<\/strong>, from the Middle Irish <em>triubhas<\/em> (trousers, trews) of uncertain origin [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/trowsus\">source<\/a>]. The English word <strong>trews<\/strong> (trousers, especially if close fitting and tartan) was borrowed from Scottish Gaelic [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/triubhas#Scottish_Gaelic\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lavrek<\/strong> = trousers<br \/>\n<strong>lavrek byghan<\/strong> = briefs, underpants<br \/>\n<strong>lavrek jin<\/strong> = jeans<br \/>\n<strong>lavrek kott<\/strong> = short<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lavreg<\/strong> =  trousers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong> unknown<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.logainm.ie\/en\/s?txt=gls%3a106-lios&amp;pag=-1\">logainm.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/create.blubrry.com\/resources\/podcast-media-hosting\/?code=omniglot\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/images\/banners\/banner_blubrry.png\" alt=\"Blubrry podcast hosting\" width=\"728\" height=\"90\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for trousers, socks, sites and related words in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *\u0278l\u0101trom = flat position Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) l\u00e1thar [\u02c8l\u0348a\u02d0\u03b8ar] = arrangement, disposition l\u00e1thraid [\u02c8l\u0348a\u02d0\u03b8r\u0268\u00f0\u02b2] = to arrange, to dispose Irish (Gaeilge) l\u00e1thair [\u02c8l\u032a\u02e0\u0251\u02d0h\u0259\u027e\u02b2\/\u02c8l\u032a\u02e0\u00e6h\u0259\u027e\u02b2] = place, spot, site, location; presence as l\u00e1thair = absent faoi l\u00e1thair = at present i l\u00e1thair = present l\u00e1ithreach [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,102,26,19,20,103,21,3,22,5,7,27,9,10,70,11,12,13,23,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6280","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-breton","category-clothes","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-faroese-foroyskt-mal","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-norse-dnsk-tunga","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6280","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6280"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6280\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6286,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6280\/revisions\/6286"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6280"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6280"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6280"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}