{"id":6277,"date":"2021-11-17T14:05:23","date_gmt":"2021-11-17T14:05:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6277"},"modified":"2023-02-22T14:57:07","modified_gmt":"2023-02-22T14:57:07","slug":"bark-and-beehives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2021\/11\/17\/bark-and-beehives\/","title":{"rendered":"Bark and Beehives"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>bark<\/strong>, <strong>beehives<\/strong> and related words in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/itmpa\/14141944070\/in\/photolist-nxFagU-f4Ezf6-nxFawo-s2w8P8-nm25D-s2waa4-2kgEgP-P3sZTY-q58ios-fgoZuh-bQSUbe-zjiRV-5iicas-uebBJ-u8jDHz-TvE9Y-dFhk2n-8WxybG-4WKq8J-daw3ZZ-5wAmf5-7e8XZA-492kv-6EMrTr-bCuZ1S-sRd9F-72jaU9-5J9oiU-oLmZP-jAR3G-ehMPaS-3sXFsY-2jbQ1zv-5iZuDQ-bcY32c-6HdaXS-feejS8-9JNDGV-5iBpC-artwZo-bUAxYM-FPw9b5-6R2B9y-a2VV3-GckGhf-87998S-2mxH649-HK8Gfn-bcY3cT-ds19XG\" title=\"Beehives\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/5530\/14141944070_e13a7e3eef_z.jpg\" alt=\"Beehives\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ruskos<\/strong> = bark, beehive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>rusca \/ rusk\u0101<\/strong> = bark, beehive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>r\u00fasc<\/strong> [ru\u02d0sk] = (tree) bark, basket, covering<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>r\u00fasc<\/strong> [\u027e\u02e0u\u02d0s\u02e0k] = (tree) bark, vessel made of bark<br \/>\n<strong>r\u00fascach<\/strong> = bark-like; rough, wrinkled (<em>skin<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>r\u00fasc\u00e1n<\/strong> = strip of bark, vessel made of bark, kind of seaweed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>r\u00f9sg<\/strong> [r\u032a\u02e0u\u02d0sg] = (tree) bark, peel, rind, husk, crust, fleece<br \/>\n<strong>r\u00f9sg-caorach<\/strong> = sheep\u2019s fleece<br \/>\n<strong>r\u00f9sg-abhaill<\/strong> = apple peel<br \/>\n<strong>r\u00f9sg na Talmhainn<\/strong> = crust of the Earth<br \/>\n<strong>r\u00f9sgan<\/strong> [r\u032a\u02e0u\u02d0sgan] = thin (tree) bark, thin peel\/rind\/husk, thin crust, small fleece, bark boat<br \/>\n<strong>r\u00f9sgach<\/strong> = fleecy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>roost<\/strong> [ru\u02d0st] = peel, bark, rind<br \/>\n<strong>roostey<\/strong> = strip, peel, hull, rob, bare, rind, debunk, rifle, unbark, deprive, peeling, exposure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*rrisk<\/strong> = bark<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>risgl, risg, rhisg, risc<\/strong> = bark<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rhisg(l)<\/strong> [\u02c8r\u0325\u026as\u0261(l)\/\u02c8r\u0325\u026as\u0261\u026a(l)] = (piece of) bark, rind, peel (of fruit) husk (of grain)<br \/>\n<strong>rhisg(l)ach<\/strong> = pieces of bark<br \/>\n<strong>rhisgen<\/strong> = (bark) dish or pan<br \/>\n<strong>rhisglen<\/strong> = (piece of) bark, rind; hackle, flax comb<br \/>\n<strong>rhisgl(i)af, rhisgaf, rhisgl(i)o, rhisgo<\/strong> = to bark, decorticate, peel (off), develop bark (on), encrust<br \/>\n<strong>rhisg(l)aidd<\/strong> = having bark or rind, corticate(d), covered with bark<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>rusc<\/strong> = bark<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>risc<\/strong> = bark<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rusken<\/strong> = bark, peel<br \/>\n<strong>ruskek<\/strong> = rough-barked<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>rusquenn<\/strong> = beehive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>rusk<\/strong> = bark, peel, zest<br \/>\n<strong>ruskek<\/strong> = rough, rugged, coarse<br \/>\n<strong>ruskenn<\/strong> = (bee)hive, apiary<br \/>\n<strong>ruskennad<\/strong> = beehive<br \/>\n<strong>ruskenner<\/strong> = beehive maker<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2083rewk-<\/em> (to dig up), possibly from <em>*h\u2083er-<\/em> (to move, stir) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/ruskos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The French word <strong>ruche<\/strong> (beehive, ruffle, flounce) and the Catalan word <strong>rusc<\/strong> (beehive) come from the Gaulish root <strong>rusca<\/strong>, via the Late Latin <em>rusca<\/em> (bark), and the English word <strong>ruche<\/strong> (pleated fabric, ruff), and the German word <strong>R\u00fcsche<\/strong> (ruffle, ruche) were borrowed from French [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/ruche#French\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.logainm.ie\/en\/s?txt=gls%3a106-lios&amp;pag=-1\">logainm.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/create.blubrry.com\/resources\/podcast-media-hosting\/?code=omniglot\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/images\/banners\/banner_blubrry.png\" alt=\"Blubrry podcast hosting\" width=\"728\" height=\"90\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for bark, beehives and related words in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *ruskos = bark, beehive Gaulish rusca \/ rusk\u0101 = bark, beehive Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) r\u00fasc [ru\u02d0sk] = (tree) bark, basket, covering Irish (Gaeilge) r\u00fasc [\u027e\u02e0u\u02d0s\u02e0k] = (tree) bark, vessel made of bark r\u00fascach = bark-like; rough, wrinkled (skin) r\u00fasc\u00e1n = strip of bark, vessel [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,101,26,19,44,25,61,83,3,36,22,5,7,27,9,10,11,12,13,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6277","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-catalan-catala","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-french","category-gaulish","category-german","category-italian-italiano","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6277","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6277"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6277\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7151,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6277\/revisions\/7151"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6277"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6277"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6277"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}