{"id":6202,"date":"2021-10-12T15:29:52","date_gmt":"2021-10-12T14:29:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6202"},"modified":"2022-09-23T15:26:50","modified_gmt":"2022-09-23T14:26:50","slug":"ale-and-beer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2021\/10\/12\/ale-and-beer\/","title":{"rendered":"Ale and Beer"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>ale<\/strong>, <strong>beer<\/strong> and related words in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/snigl3t\/4104825527\/in\/photolist-7fJiBV-FepGAU-LXe5ib-aeYzYz-7Qw47v-ay5Mmu-rsnbi7-arvKFq-j83kNv-64dSg4-arvGvQ-art5u8-d4uDth-rhAxby-art6Xi-93saYH-5FqBLt-2a86NCr-cEMdTw-fT1nSS-wh3WZD-JP91b3-9uiGxg-cpx26b-fiPAhQ-jJF3D6-aDjdDp-jSPrfV-4W2LLM-afnug7-ah923o-cEMsK5-8nr3PK-9RE8jd-ah6bwK-7Sst5d-apTKTx-BodoM9-8nuc5y-b5LLPR-b1bmKi-f9pZx5-b1bmiM-9DAB8v-adzPzi-9gLWhA-dpe8BY-2mxZB1i-2m84E51-2mgGYqU\" title=\"beer haul\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/2804\/4104825527_dc17e11a13_z.jpg\" alt=\"beer haul\" width=\"640\" height=\"394\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*lindo-<\/strong> = drink<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>linda<\/strong> = drink<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>linn<\/strong> [\u02c8l\u0348\u02b2in\u0348\u02b2] = drink, liquid, brew, ale, beer, intoxicating drink<br \/>\n<strong>lind<\/strong> = liquid, drink, ale<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leann<\/strong> = (pale) ale, beer; liquid, fluid<br \/>\n<strong>lionn<\/strong> = humour (<em>of the body<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>lionndubhach<\/strong> = melancholy, depressed<br \/>\n<strong>leannad\u00f3ir<\/strong> = ale-merchant<br \/>\n<strong>leannlus<\/strong> = hop<br \/>\n<strong>leann b\u00f3<\/strong> = milk<br \/>\n<strong>leann donn<\/strong> = brown ale<br \/>\n<strong>leann dubh<\/strong> = stout<br \/>\n<strong>leann piorra<\/strong> = perry<br \/>\n<strong>leann sins\u00e9ir<\/strong> = ginger ale<br \/>\n<strong>leann \u00fall<\/strong> = cider<br \/>\n<strong>iarleann<\/strong> = small, weak beer<br \/>\n<strong>seomra leanna<\/strong> = tap-room<br \/>\n<strong>teach leanna<\/strong> = ale-house<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leann<\/strong> [l\u032a\u02b2\u00e3\u0169n\u032a\u02e0] \/ <strong>lionn<\/strong> [l\u032a\u02b2\u0169\u02d0n\u032a\u02e0]= ale, beer; humour (<em>of the body<\/em>); fluid, liquid<br \/>\n<strong>lionn-dubh<\/strong> = dejection, melancholy<br \/>\n<strong>lionn searbh<\/strong> = bitter (ale)<br \/>\n<strong>lionn-ubhal<\/strong> = cider<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lhune<\/strong> = ale, beer<br \/>\n<strong>lhune doo<\/strong> = stout, porter<br \/>\n<strong>lhune freillagh<\/strong> = lager<br \/>\n<strong>lhune jinshar<\/strong> = ginger beer<br \/>\n<strong>lhune ooyl<\/strong> = cider<br \/>\n<strong>lhune peear<\/strong> = perry<br \/>\n<strong>lhune sharroo<\/strong> = bitter (beer\/ale)<br \/>\n<strong>shamyr lhionney<\/strong> = bar room, lounge bar, tap room<br \/>\n<strong>thie lhionney<\/strong> = ale house, pub<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>llynn<\/strong> = drink<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>llyn<\/strong> [\u026c\u0268\u031en\/\u026c\u026an] = drink, beverage, intoxicating liquor, cordial, juice; liquid, humour<br \/>\n<strong>llyn afalau<\/strong> = cider, apple juice<br \/>\n<strong>llyn y bustl<\/strong> = bile<br \/>\n<strong>llyn gellyg<\/strong> = perry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>lin<\/strong> = fluid, liquid, lotion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lin<\/strong> = fluid, liquid, lotion<br \/>\n<strong>lin-golghi<\/strong> = washing detergent<br \/>\n<strong>lin leur<\/strong> = floor cleaner<br \/>\n<strong>lin sebon<\/strong> = detergent, washing-up liquid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>linnou<\/strong> = drink<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>li\u00f1venn<\/strong> = liquid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*liH-nd-o-<\/em> [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/lindom\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kormi, *kurman<\/strong> = beer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>curmi, curm\u00edm, \u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1 (k\u00f3rma), \u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9 (ko\u00farmi)<\/strong> = beer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cuirm<\/strong> = ale, beer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>coirm, cuirm<\/strong> [k\u025e\u027e\u02b2\u0259m\u02b2] = ale, drinking-party, feast, banquet<br \/>\n<strong>coirmeach<\/strong> = ale-drinking, festive<br \/>\n<strong>coirmtheach<\/strong> = ale-house<br \/>\n<strong>coirm cheoil, ceolchoirm<\/strong> = concert<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cuirm<\/strong> [kur\u02b2um] = feast, banquet, entertainment; ale, beer (<em>archaic<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>co(i)rm<\/strong> = ale, beer<br \/>\n<strong>cuirm-chi\u00f9il<\/strong> = concert<br \/>\n<strong>cuirm-chnuic<\/strong> = picnic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cuirrey<\/strong> = banquet, feast<br \/>\n<strong>cuirrey kiaull<\/strong> = concert<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kuru\u03b2 \u0303, *kur\u03b2\u0303<\/strong> = beer, ale<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh<\/th>\n<td><strong>curum<\/strong> = beer, ale<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>kuref, kwryf, kwrwf, cwrwf, cyryw<\/strong> = beer, ale<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cwrw<\/strong> [\u02c8k\u028aru \/ \u02c8ku\u02d0ru] = beer, ale<br \/>\n<strong>cwrw Adda<\/strong> = Adam\u2019s ale, water<br \/>\n<strong>cwrw casgen<\/strong> = draught beer<br \/>\n<strong>cwrw coch<\/strong> = brown ale<br \/>\n<strong>cwrw cychwyn<\/strong> = a drink of beer on setting out on a journey, one for the road<br \/>\n<strong>coesau cwrw<\/strong> = a drunken gait (<em>\u201cbeer legs\u201d)<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>coref, coruf<\/strong> = ale, beer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (CerneweC)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cor<\/strong> = ale, beer<br \/>\n<strong>coref<\/strong> = ale, beer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>korev, kor<\/strong> = ale, beer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>korev<\/strong> = ale, beer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from the Proto-Indo-Eurpean <em>*kremH-<\/em> (to burn) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/kurmi\">source<\/a>], or <em>*\u1e31r\u0325h\u2083-m-<\/em> (porridge, soup), or <em>*\u1e31h\u2081erh\u2082-<\/em> (to mix) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/cremor#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The Latin word <em>cerv\u0113s(i)a<\/em> (beer) comes from the same Proto-Celtic root, as do words for beer in several Romance languages, including Spanish (<strong>cerveza<\/strong>), Portuguese (<strong>cerveja<\/strong>), Galician (<strong>cervexa<\/strong>) and Catalan (<strong>cervesa<\/strong>)  [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/cervesia#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/bloggle\/?p=21501\">More about words for beer in European languages<\/a>.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>beoir<\/strong> [b\u02b2o\u02d0\u027e\u02b2] = beer, a woman (<em>rare, colloquial<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>beoir bhairille<\/strong> = draught beer<br \/>\n<strong>beoir shins\u00e9ir<\/strong> = ginger beer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>be\u00f2ir<\/strong> [bj\u0254\u02d0r\u02b2] = beer<br \/>\n<strong>be\u00f2ir chaol<\/strong> = small beer<br \/>\n<strong>roipean be\u00f2ir<\/strong> = beer moustache<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>beer<\/strong> = beer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ber, berr, berre<\/strong> = beer, ale<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bir<\/strong> = beer, ale<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>bier<\/strong> = ale, beer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong> (Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Manx): from the Old Norse <em>bj\u00f3rr<\/em>, from the Proto-Germanic <em>*beuz\u0105<\/em> (beer), from the Proto-Indo-Eurpean <em>*b\u02b0ews-<\/em> (dross, sediment) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/bj%C3%B3rr#Old_Norse\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong> (Welsh): from the English <strong>beer<\/strong>, from the Middle English <em>bere<\/em> (beer), from the Old English <em>b\u0113or<\/em> (beer), from the Proto-West Germanic <em>*beu\u0280<\/em> (beer), from the Proto-Germanic <em>*beuz\u0105<\/em> (beer) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/beer#English\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong> (Breton): from the French <strong>bi\u00e8re<\/strong> (beer), from the Old French <em>biere<\/em> (beer), from the Middle Dutch <em>bier\/b\u0113r<\/em> (beer), from the Frankish <em>*bior<\/em> (beer), from Proto-Germanic <em>*beuz\u0105<\/em> (beer) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/bi%C3%A8re\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/create.blubrry.com\/resources\/podcast-media-hosting\/?code=omniglot\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/images\/banners\/banner_blubrry.png\" alt=\"Blubrry podcast hosting\" width=\"728\" height=\"90\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for ale, beer and related words in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *lindo- = drink Gaulish linda = drink Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) linn [\u02c8l\u0348\u02b2in\u0348\u02b2] = drink, liquid, brew, ale, beer, intoxicating drink lind = liquid, drink, ale Irish (Gaeilge) leann = (pale) ale, beer; liquid, fluid lionn = humour (of the body) lionndubhach = melancholy, depressed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,26,19,96,44,24,25,21,83,3,36,22,77,7,27,8,9,71,78,10,70,40,93,12,67,13,23,82,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6202","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-food","category-french","category-galician","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-italian-italiano","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-english-englisch","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-english-aenglisc","category-old-french-franceis","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-norse-dnsk-tunga","category-old-welsh","category-portuguese-portugues","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-germanic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-spanish-espanol","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6202","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6202"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6202\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6869,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6202\/revisions\/6869"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6202"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6202"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6202"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}