{"id":6193,"date":"2021-09-29T14:01:43","date_gmt":"2021-09-29T13:01:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6193"},"modified":"2023-08-18T20:57:49","modified_gmt":"2023-08-18T19:57:49","slug":"circles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2021\/09\/29\/circles\/","title":{"rendered":"Circles"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>circle<\/strong>,  <strong>ring<\/strong> and related words in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p>There are three words for circle in Proto-Celtic: <strong>*kerk-injo-<\/strong>, <strong>*kerkinn-<\/strong> and <strong>*kuro-<\/strong>. They don\u2019t appear to have descendents in modern Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/7787322600\/in\/photolist-27DifaY-21xQG2n-SatGQr-RFozsm-cS94GL-5dwHFc-5dBeLs\" title=\"Sabhal M\u00f2r Ostaig\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/8429\/7787322600_a9d9557614_z.jpg\" alt=\"Sabhal M\u00f2r Ostaig\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*\u0101nniyos<\/strong> = ring<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00e1inne<\/strong> =  ring<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00e1inne, \u00e1nne<\/strong> =  ring, circuit, anusm posterior<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>f\u00e1inne<\/strong> [\u02c8f\u02e0\u0251\u02d0\u0272\u0259\/\u02c8f\u02e0\u00e6\u02d0n\u0320\u02b2\u0259] = ring, circle, ringlet, curl, halo<br \/>\n<strong>f\u00e1inneach<\/strong> = annular, ring-like, ringed, ringleted, whorled, adorned, beautiful<br \/>\n<strong>f\u00e1innead\u00f3ir<\/strong> = ring-maker, dealer in rings<br \/>\n<strong>f\u00e1inne\u00e1il<\/strong> = (act of) circling, fluttering<br \/>\n<strong>f\u00e1inne\u00e1n<\/strong> -= ampitheatre, circus<br \/>\n<strong>f\u00e1inneog<\/strong> = ringlet, curl<br \/>\n<strong>f\u00e1inneoir<\/strong> = person who rings animals<br \/>\n<strong>f\u00e1innigh<\/strong> = to ring, encircle, dawn<br \/>\n<strong>f\u00e1inni\u00fa<\/strong> = encirclement, dawning<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>f\u00e0inne<\/strong> [fa\u02d0n\u032a\u02b2\u0259] = ring, ringlet, circle<br \/>\n<strong>f\u00e0inneach<\/strong> [fa\u02d0n\u032a\u02b2\u0259x] = pertaining to or like a ring, ringed<br \/>\n<strong>f\u00e0inneachadh<\/strong> [fa\u02d0n\u032a\u02b2\u0259x\u0259\u0263] = (act of) curling, ringing<br \/>\n<strong>f\u00e0inneag<\/strong> [fa\u02d0n\u032a\u02b2ag] = small ring, ringlet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>fainey<\/strong> = circle, puck, whorl, wreathe, ring<br \/>\n<strong>fainnit<\/strong> = ringed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2081eh\u2082no- <\/em> (ring). Cognate with the Latin <em>\u0101nus<\/em> (ring, anus), and <strong>anus<\/strong> in English, French, Catalan and Romanian  [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/%C4%81nniyos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The English word <strong>phon(e)y<\/strong> (fraudulent, fake) possibly comes from the old slang word <strong>fawney<\/strong> (a gilt brass ring used by swindlers; a finger ring), from the Irish <strong>f\u00e1inne<\/strong> (ring)  [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/phony#English\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>circul<\/strong> =  circle, orbit, zone, hoop<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>circul<\/strong> = circle, orbit, zone, hoop<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ciorcal<\/strong> [\u02c8ki\u027e\u02e0k\u0259l\u02e0] = circle<br \/>\n<strong>ciorcalach<\/strong> = circular, cyclic<br \/>\n<strong>ciorcalaigh<\/strong> = to encircle, circle<br \/>\n<strong>ciorcl\u00e1n<\/strong> = circular (letter)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cearcall<\/strong> [k\u02b2\u025brxgl\u032a\u02e0] = circle, cycle, ring (<em>circus, etc<\/em>), hoop<br \/>\n<strong>cearclach<\/strong> = circular, cyclic(al)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>kiarkyl<\/strong> = ring, circle, rim, coterie<br \/>\n<strong>kiarklagh<\/strong> = cyclic(al), rotund, circulatory<br \/>\n<strong>kiarkylagh<\/strong> = circular<br \/>\n<strong>daachiarkyl<\/strong> = bicycle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*k\u0268rxl<\/strong> [a\u02c8b\u025b\u02d0r] = circle, ring<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh<\/th>\n<td><strong>circhl<\/strong> = circle, ring<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>kylch, kylc<\/strong> = circle, ring<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cylch<\/strong> [k\u0268\u031el\u03c7\/k\u026al\u03c7] = circle, ring, compass, scope, range, circumference, environs, surroundsing, precints, zone, belt, hoop, social circle, orbit, revolution, period, cycle, halo<br \/>\n<strong>cylchai<\/strong> = halo<br \/>\n<strong>cylchaidd<\/strong> = circular, round(ish)<br \/>\n<strong>cylchig<\/strong> = circlet, small circle<br \/>\n<strong>cylch(i)ol<\/strong> = circular, orbital, surrounding, itinerant, periodic, cyclic<br \/>\n<strong>cylchu, cylch(i)af, cylcho<\/strong> = to hoop, rim (<em>a wheel<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>kelgh, kylgh<\/strong> = circle, hoop, round, ring<br \/>\n<strong>kylghek<\/strong> = circular<br \/>\n<strong>kylghigow<\/strong> = hoop-la<br \/>\n<strong>kylghlavar<\/strong> = circumlocution<br \/>\n<strong>kylghvusur<\/strong> = perimeter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton (Brezonec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>kelc\u2019h<\/strong> = circle, disc, halo<br \/>\n<strong>kelc\u2019hdro<\/strong> = orbit<br \/>\n<strong>kelc\u2019hennva<\/strong> = ampitheatre<br \/>\n<strong>kelc\u2019hiad<\/strong> = circumference<br \/>\n<strong>kelc\u2019hiek<\/strong> = circular<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>kelc\u2019h<\/strong> = circle, halo<br \/>\n<strong>kelc\u2019hia\u00f1<\/strong> = to surround, define, figure out<br \/>\n<strong>kelc\u2019hier<\/strong> = compass<br \/>\n<strong>kelc\u2019htrei\u00f1<\/strong> = to orbit<br \/>\n<strong>kelc\u2019htro<\/strong> = orbit<br \/>\n<strong>kelc\u2019htroel<\/strong> = orbital<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Latin <em>circulus<\/em> (circle), from <em>circus<\/em> (circle, ring, racecourse, circus), from the Ancient Greek <em>\u03ba\u03af\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2<\/em> (k\u00edrkos &#8211; circle, ring) from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*(s)ker-<\/em> (to bend, turn) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/circulus#Latin\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/create.blubrry.com\/resources\/podcast-media-hosting\/?code=omniglot\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/images\/banners\/banner_blubrry.png\" alt=\"Blubrry podcast hosting\" width=\"728\" height=\"90\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for circle, ring and related words in Celtic languages. There are three words for circle in Proto-Celtic: *kerk-injo-, *kerkinn- and *kuro-. They don\u2019t appear to have descendents in modern Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *\u0101nniyos = ring Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) \u00e1inne = ring Middle Irish (Gaoidhealg) \u00e1inne, \u00e1nne = ring, circuit, anusm posterior Irish (Gaeilge) f\u00e1inne [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,39,16,26,19,20,21,3,36,22,37,7,27,10,40,11,12,13,23,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-ancient-greek","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-irish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6193"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7496,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6193\/revisions\/7496"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}