{"id":6156,"date":"2021-08-26T11:55:56","date_gmt":"2021-08-26T10:55:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6156"},"modified":"2021-08-26T11:55:58","modified_gmt":"2021-08-26T10:55:58","slug":"oxen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2021\/08\/26\/oxen\/","title":{"rendered":"Oxen"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>oxen<\/strong> and related words in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/30557460@N05\/8178719456\/in\/photolist-dsJ5mq-eUYooy-yFMv3n-HDBfYS-DkqzUX-sH8Rs2-gaPHJY-AsGeS9-qEjVGW-zCF3E6-yKpP6M-jCqpCN-4TSe8x-F2UXQu-cesDyd-pgY25e-pZsAC5-ou8hdp-v6nAaK-qvAh73-Robvhj-nHK8pE-p5c2uH-yNd1oo-dFou58-e4PZaM-F4keD-LyhYHu-QcZwvZ-cEKqym-h3A68v-d6f7rj-2ic1ne-rkm4Hv-xP4GQ1-8VVcDX-AkcaZV-eZUXUU-KehQHH-g4tMVb-iwJbrK-jbAnNa-abjXvN-c6iEVj-6WmVzG-dFouaP-oiyRok-dBEntt-jwy7Cq-dC3G87\" title=\"Inwa Ox Carts\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/8339\/8178719456_be53e2f6c0_z.jpg\" alt=\"Inwa Ox Carts\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*uks\u014dn<\/strong> = ox, stag<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>oss<\/strong> = elk, deer, stag<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>os<\/strong> [\u0254s\u02e0\/\u028cs\u02e0] = deer (<em>literary<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>oiseoil<\/strong> [\u02c8\u025b\u0283\u02cco\u02d0l\u02b2\/\u02c8\u026a\u0283\u02cco\u02d0l\u02b2] = venison<br \/>\n<strong>ois\u00edn<\/strong> [\u0259\u02c8\u0283i\u02d0n\u02b2\/\u02c8\u0254\u0283i\u02d0n\u02b2\/\u02c8\u028c\u0283in\u02b2] = fawn (<em>young deer<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>Ois\u00edn<\/strong> = name, and a character in Irish myths<br \/>\n<strong>ois\u00edn r\u00f3in<\/strong> = young seal<br \/>\n<strong>osbhu\u00ed<\/strong> = fawn (<em>colour<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>os<\/strong> [os] = deer<br \/>\n<strong>oisfheoil<\/strong> [\u0254\u0283j\u0254l] = venison<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ux\u012b<\/strong> = ox<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ych, ich<\/strong> = ox<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ych<\/strong> [\u0268\u02d0\u03c7\/i\u02d0\u03c7] = ox<br \/>\n<strong>ych gwyllt<\/strong> = wild ox, bison, buffalo<br \/>\n<strong>gwin yr ych<\/strong> = spring-water (\u201cwine of the ox\u201d)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>oghen<\/strong> = oxen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>ohen<\/strong> = ox<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>och\u2019en<\/strong> = ox<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*uks\u1e17n<\/em> (bull) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/uxs%C5%AB\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*damos<\/strong> = ox, bull, domesticated animal<br \/>\n<strong>*dametos<\/strong> = sheep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dam<\/strong> [da\u1e7d] = ox, stag, hero, champion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>damh<\/strong> [d\u032a\u02e0aw] = ox, stag; strong man, champion, corpulent person<br \/>\n<strong>damh alla<\/strong> = stag<br \/>\n<strong>damh comhair<\/strong> = one of a pair of oxen, yokefellow; equal, peer<br \/>\n<strong>damh\u00e1ire<\/strong> = bellowing, lowing (of oxen), belling (of stag)<br \/>\n<strong>damh\u00e1n<\/strong> = small ox<br \/>\n<strong>damhra<\/strong> = oxen, yoke of oxen; stags, herd of deer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>damh<\/strong> [dav] = stag (<em>antlered, up to 4 yrs old<\/em>), ox, oaf, crab missing a claw<br \/>\n<strong>damh-f\u00e9idh<\/strong> = hart, stag<br \/>\n<strong>cho dall ri damh ann an ce\u00f2<\/strong> = as blind as a bat in daylight (\u201cas blind as an ox in the fog\u201d)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dow<\/strong> = ox, hart, stag<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*da\u03b2\u0303ad<\/strong> = sheep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dauat, davad<\/strong> = sheep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>dafad<\/strong> [\u02c8davad\/\u02c8da\u02d0vad] = sheep, ewe; one who is under the charge of a spiritual pastor<br \/>\n<strong>defaid cymorth<\/strong> = sheep given to a needy person to form the nucleus of a flock<br \/>\n<strong>dafad ddu<\/strong> = black sheep, prodigal son, ne\u2019er do-well of a family<br \/>\n<strong>defaid Dafydd Jos<\/strong> = waves, billows (\u201cDavid Jones\u2019 sheep\u201d)<br \/>\n<strong>mynd yn draed defaid<\/strong> = to go to ruin (&#8220;to become sheep\u2019s feet\u201d)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>dauat<\/strong> = sheep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>davas<\/strong> = ewe, sheep<br \/>\n<strong>kig davas<\/strong> = mutton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>da\u00f1vad<\/strong> [\u02c8d\u00e3\u02d0.vat] = sheep; overly kind, gentle person; cuckold, flock; small, fluffy clouds, foamy waves<br \/>\n<strong>da\u00f1vadez<\/strong> = ewe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: the Brythonic words come from <em>*dametos<\/em>, which comes from <em>*damos<\/em>. Both these words come from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*demh\u2082-<\/em> (to domesticate, tame) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/dametos\">source<\/a>]. The English words <strong>tame<\/strong>, <strong>(in)domitable<\/strong> and <strong>danger<\/strong> come from the same PIE root [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/demh%E2%82%82-\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>More <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=4874\">sheep<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2020\/04\/07\/deer\/\">deer<\/a> related words.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/create.blubrry.com\/resources\/podcast-media-hosting\/?code=omniglot\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/images\/banners\/banner_blubrry.png\" alt=\"Blubrry podcast hosting\" width=\"728\" height=\"90\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for oxen and related words in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *uks\u014dn = ox, stag Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) oss = elk, deer, stag Irish (Gaeilge) os [\u0254s\u02e0\/\u028cs\u02e0] = deer (literary) oiseoil [\u02c8\u025b\u0283\u02cco\u02d0l\u02b2\/\u02c8\u026a\u0283\u02cco\u02d0l\u02b2] = venison ois\u00edn [\u0259\u02c8\u0283i\u02d0n\u02b2\/\u02c8\u0254\u0283i\u02d0n\u02b2\/\u02c8\u028c\u0283in\u02b2] = fawn (young deer) Ois\u00edn = name, and a character in Irish myths ois\u00edn r\u00f3in = young seal osbhu\u00ed = [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[73,16,26,19,20,21,3,7,27,8,9,10,11,12,13,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-animals","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6156"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6156\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6158,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6156\/revisions\/6158"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}