{"id":6092,"date":"2021-07-23T12:58:33","date_gmt":"2021-07-23T11:58:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6092"},"modified":"2022-10-28T13:47:41","modified_gmt":"2022-10-28T12:47:41","slug":"country-and-land","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2021\/07\/23\/country-and-land\/","title":{"rendered":"Country and Land"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>land<\/strong>, <strong>country<\/strong> and related words in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/25664999061\/in\/album-72157679660528410\/\" title=\"Cwm Idwal\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/1525\/25664999061_ed50837fb6_z.jpg\" alt=\"Cwm Idwal\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*t\u012bros<\/strong> = dry land, land, earth<br \/>\n<strong>*wo-t\u012bro-<\/strong> = piece of land<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>t\u00edr<\/strong> = land, country, territory, ground<br \/>\n<strong>T\u00edr inna n-\u00d3c<\/strong> = (mythical) Land of Youth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>t\u00edr<\/strong> [t\u02b2i\u02d0\u027e\u02b2] = country, land, state, nation; region, district. territory, rural district, country native, ordinary<br \/>\n<strong>t\u00edrdhreach<\/strong> = landscape<br \/>\n<strong>t\u00edreach<\/strong> = native, of the country<br \/>\n<strong>t\u00edreachas<\/strong> = domesticity<br \/>\n<strong>t\u00edre\u00e1nach<\/strong> = mainlander<br \/>\n<strong>t\u00edreola\u00ed<\/strong> = geographer<br \/>\n<strong>t\u00edreola\u00edocht<\/strong> = geography<br \/>\n<strong>t\u00edrghr\u00e1<\/strong> = patriotism<br \/>\n<strong>t\u00edrghr\u00e1ch<\/strong> = patriotic<br \/>\n<strong>t\u00edrghr\u00e1th\u00f3ir<\/strong> = patriot<br \/>\n<strong>T\u00edr na n\u00d3g<\/strong> = (mythical) Land of the Young\/Youth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>t\u00ecr<\/strong> [t\u02b2i\u02d0r\u02b2] = land, country, territory<br \/>\n<strong>t\u00ecreach<\/strong> = countryman, patriot<br \/>\n<strong>t\u00ecr-e\u00f2las<\/strong> = geography<br \/>\n<strong>t\u00ecr-ghr\u00e0dhaiche<\/strong> = patriot<br \/>\n<strong>t\u00ecr-m\u00f3r<\/strong> = mainland, continent<br \/>\n<strong>T\u00ecr nan \u00d2g<\/strong> = (mythical) Land of the Young\/Youth<br \/>\n<strong>\u00e0rd-t\u00ecr<\/strong> = highland<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00e7heer<\/strong> = land, country, state, territory, shore<br \/>\n<strong>\u00e7heeragh<\/strong> = native<br \/>\n<strong>\u00e7heer-ghraihagh<\/strong> = patriotic<br \/>\n<strong>\u00e7heer-oayllee<\/strong> = geographer<br \/>\n<strong>\u00e7heer-oaylleeaght<\/strong> = geography<br \/>\n<strong>\u00e7heer vooar<\/strong> = mainland<br \/>\n<strong>\u00e7heer yalloo<\/strong> = landscape<br \/>\n<strong>\u00c7heer ny Aeg<\/strong> = (mythical) Land of Youth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*tir<\/strong> [\u02c8ti\u02d0r] = land<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh<\/th>\n<td><strong>tir<\/strong> = land<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tir, tyr<\/strong> = land<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tir<\/strong> [ti\u02d0r] = land, ground, soil, turf, estate, open land, region, territory, domain, country, earth, ridge<br \/>\n<strong>tiriaf, tirio<\/strong> = to land, come ashore, disembark, arrive, reach<br \/>\n<strong>tir(i)og<\/strong> = landowning, landed<br \/>\n<strong>tiriogaeth<\/strong> = territory, realm, district, tract, (piece of) land<br \/>\n<strong>tiriogaethol<\/strong> = territorial<br \/>\n<strong>tirwedd<\/strong> = landscape, scenery, (geographic) relief<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tir<\/strong> = land, earth<br \/>\n<strong>tira<\/strong> = to land, come ashore<br \/>\n<strong>tiredh<\/strong> = territory<br \/>\n<strong>tirlanow<\/strong> = landfill<br \/>\n<strong>tir meur<\/strong> = mainland<br \/>\n<strong>tirnos<\/strong> = landmark<br \/>\n<strong>tirwedh<\/strong> = landscape<br \/>\n<strong>konna tir<\/strong> = peninsula<br \/>\n<strong>penn tir<\/strong> = headland<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>tir<\/strong> = land<br \/>\n<strong>penn-tir<\/strong> = headland<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*t\u0113rs-os\/t\u1e17rs<\/em> (to heap up, increase, enlarge) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/t%C4%ABros\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/49615569832\/in\/album-72157713356729716\/\" title=\"Princes Street Gardens\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/65535\/49615569832_c29d6107fe_z.jpg\" alt=\"Princes Street Gardens\" width=\"640\" height=\"361\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*wlatis<\/strong> = sovereignty, rule<br \/>\n<strong>*walo-<\/strong> = prince, chief<br \/>\n<strong>*walatro-<\/strong> = ruler<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>flaith<\/strong> [fla\u03b8\u02b2] = lordship, sovereignty, rule, kingdom, realm, prince, ruler<br \/>\n<strong>flaithem<\/strong> = prince, ruler<br \/>\n<strong>flaithemail<\/strong> = princely, munificent<br \/>\n<strong>flaithemnacht<\/strong> = rule<br \/>\n<strong>flaithemnas, flaithius<\/strong> = rule, sovereignty<br \/>\n<strong>flaithi\u00falacht<\/strong> = princeliness, munificence, lavishness, generosity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>flaith<\/strong> [f\u02e0l\u02e0ah\/f\u02e0l\u02e0a] = lordship, sovereignty, ruler, prince, lord, chief<br \/>\n<strong>banfhlaith<\/strong> = princess<br \/>\n<strong>flaithbheartach<\/strong> = princely, generous<br \/>\n<strong>flaithbhile<\/strong> = princely scion, noble champion<br \/>\n<strong>flaitheas<\/strong> = rule, sovereignty, kingdom, realm<br \/>\n<strong>flaitheasach<\/strong> = heavenly, celestial<br \/>\n<strong>co-fhlaitheas<\/strong> = confederation<br \/>\n<strong>flaithi\u00fail<\/strong> = princely, munificent, lavish, generous<br \/>\n<strong>flaithi\u00falach<\/strong> = lavish, generous<br \/>\n<strong>flaithi\u00fanta<\/strong> = sovereign, heavenly<br \/>\n<strong>m\u00ec-fhlathail<\/strong> = ignoble<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>flath<\/strong> [fl\u032a\u02e0ah] = king, prince, ruler, noble<br \/>\n<strong>banfhlath<\/strong> = wife of a chieftain, noblewoman<br \/>\n<strong>flath-shonas<\/strong> [fl\u032a\u02e0ah\u0259n\u0259s] = dominion, kingdom, heaven, the heavens<br \/>\n<strong>flathail<\/strong> = noble, gallant, patrician, princely, majestic; blithesome<br \/>\n<strong>m\u00ec-fhlathail<\/strong> = ignoble<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>flah<\/strong> = prince, potentate<br \/>\n<strong>flaunys<\/strong> = heaven, utopia, paradise<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*gwlad<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0261wla\u02d0d] = sovereignty, country<br \/>\n<strong>*gwl\u0117dig<\/strong> = civil, secular, established, national<br \/>\n<strong>*gwaladr<\/strong> [\u0261wa\u02c8ladr\u0329] = ruler<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh<\/th>\n<td><strong>gulat<\/strong> = country, realm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gulat, gulad, gwlat, gwlad<\/strong> = country, realm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwlad<\/strong> [\u0261wla\u02d0d\/\u0261la\u02d0d] = country, land, province, region, district, kingdom, realm, domain; nation, the people of a country<br \/>\n<strong>gwaladr<\/strong> = ruler, sovereign<br \/>\n<strong>gwladaidd<\/strong> = rural, rustic countrified, homely, plain, mean, poor, boorish, vulgar, rough, clumsy, awkward<br \/>\n<strong>gwladiath<\/strong> = native tongue, mother tongue<br \/>\n<strong>gwladwr<\/strong> = countryman, peasant, rustic, compatriot, inhabitant, citizen<br \/>\n<strong>gwledig<\/strong> = rural<br \/>\n<strong>rhyngwladol<\/strong> = international<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Cornish<\/th>\n<td><strong>gulat<\/strong> = country<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>gwlas<\/strong> = country<br \/>\n<strong>gwlaskar<\/strong> = patriotic<br \/>\n<strong>gwlaskarer \/ gwlaskarores<\/strong> = patriot<br \/>\n<strong>gwlaskarenja \/ gwlaskerensa<\/strong> = patriotism<br \/>\n<strong>gwlaskor<\/strong> = kingdom, realm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>guletic<\/strong> = prince<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>gloat<\/strong> = kingdom, wealth<br \/>\n<strong>gloedic<\/strong> = count<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>glad<\/strong> [\u0261l\u0251\u02d0t] = inheritance, heritage, patrimony<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2082w\u00e9lh\u2081tis\/*h\u2082wl\u0325h\u2081t\u00e9y-<\/em>, from <em>*h\u2082welh\u2081-<\/em> (to rule, strong, powerful) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/wlatis\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*talam\u016b<\/strong> = earth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>*talamon<\/strong> = ?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>talam<\/strong> [\u02c8tala\u1e7d] = earth, (dry) land, country, soil, dirt, clay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>talamh<\/strong> [\u02c8t\u032a\u02e0\u0251l\u02e0\u0259v\u02e0\/\u02c8t\u032a\u02e0al\u02e0\u0259\/\u02c8t\u032a\u02e0al\u02e0u] = earth, ground, land, dry land, soil, soild base (<em>for discussion, understanding<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>talamhchreathach<\/strong> = seismic<br \/>\n<strong>talamhchrith<\/strong> = earthquake<br \/>\n<strong>talamhiata<\/strong> = land-locked<br \/>\n<strong>talamhluas<\/strong> = ground speed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>talamh<\/strong> [tal\u032a\u02e0av] = earth, ground, Earth<br \/>\n<strong>talamh b\u00e0n<\/strong> = fallow\/unmanured ground<br \/>\n<strong>talamh-dearg<\/strong> = tiled soil, ploughed land<br \/>\n<strong>talamh-l\u00e0idir, talamh-glas<\/strong> = unploughed land<br \/>\n<strong>talamh-r\u00e8isg<\/strong> = marshy\/boggy ground<br \/>\n<strong>talamh-\u00e0itich<\/strong> = arable land, cultivable land<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>thalloo<\/strong> = country, land, shore, terrain, territory, clod, earth, ground , soil<br \/>\n<strong>thallooinaghey<\/strong> = to earth, earthing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*telh\u2082-<\/em> (ground) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/talam%C5%AB\">source<\/a>]. The French surname <strong>Talmont<\/strong>, and the placenames <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talmont-sur-Gironde\">Talmont-sur-Gironde<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talmont-Saint-Hilaire\">Talmont-Saint-Hilaire<\/a> come from the same Proto-Celtic root, via the Gaulish <em>*talamon<\/em>, and the Latin <em>Talamone \/ Talmun<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Words from the same PIE root include <strong>tellurian<\/strong> (of or relating to the earth) in English, <strong>\u0442\u043b\u043e<\/strong> [t\u026b\u0254] (background, environment, ground, basis) in Ukrainian, <strong>\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a<\/strong> [p\u0259t\u0250\u02c8\u026bok] (ceiling, upper limit, roof) in Russian, <strong>t\u0142o<\/strong> [tw\u0254] (background) in Polish, <strong>\u0924\u0932<\/strong> [t\u032a\u0259l] (bottom, level, storey, floor) in Hindi [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European\/telh%E2%82%82-#Root_2\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.japanesepod101.com\/member\/go.php?r=759259&amp;i=b0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/banners\/banner_japanesepod.jpg\" alt=\"The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com\" width=\"630\" height=\"83\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for land, country and related words in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *t\u012bros = dry land, land, earth *wo-t\u012bro- = piece of land Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) t\u00edr = land, country, territory, ground T\u00edr inna n-\u00d3c = (mythical) Land of Youth Irish (Gaeilge) t\u00edr [t\u02b2i\u02d0\u027e\u02b2] = country, land, state, nation; region, district. territory, rural district, country native, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,19,44,25,111,21,3,36,22,5,7,27,8,9,10,40,105,11,12,13,106,23,107,43,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6092","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-french","category-gaulish","category-hindi-","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-breton","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-cornish","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-polish-polski","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-russian-","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-ukrainian-","category-verbs","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6092","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6092"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6092\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6925,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6092\/revisions\/6925"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6092"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6092"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6092"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}