{"id":6017,"date":"2021-07-14T17:34:33","date_gmt":"2021-07-14T16:34:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=6017"},"modified":"2026-04-30T21:50:39","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T20:50:39","slug":"stony-rocks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2021\/07\/14\/stony-rocks\/","title":{"rendered":"Stony Rocks"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>rocks<\/strong> and <strong>stones<\/strong> in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/2767330241\/in\/album-72157606763652785\/\" title=\"A view from Inis M\u00f3r\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/3087\/2767330241_379d95f663_z.jpg\" alt=\"A view from Inis M\u00f3r\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*kluk\u0101, *klugg\u0101<\/strong> = stone, rock<br \/>\n<strong>*klukaros<\/strong> = pile of stones<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cloch<\/strong> [klox] = stone, rock, precious stone, gem, bead (in a rosary), something built of stone, castle, fortress, stronghold<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>cloch<\/strong> [kl\u02e0\u0254x, kl\u02e0\u028cx] = rock, large stone<br \/>\n<strong>clochach<\/strong> = stony, rocky<br \/>\n<strong>clochaid<\/strong> = stone, covered with stones<br \/>\n<strong>clochamail<\/strong> = stony, unyielding<br \/>\n<strong>cloch\u00e1n<\/strong> = paved road, causeway<br \/>\n<strong>clochda<\/strong> = made of stony, stony<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>clach<\/strong> [kl\u032a\u02e0ax] = rock, stone, testicle, ball<br \/>\n<strong>clach-st\u00e9idhe<\/strong> = foundation stone<br \/>\n<strong>clach an teinntein<\/strong> = hearthstone<br \/>\n<strong>clach-uaighe<\/strong> = gravestone, headstone<br \/>\n<strong>clach-mheallain<\/strong> = hail(stone)<br \/>\n<strong>clach-mh\u00ecle<\/strong> = milestone<br \/>\n<strong>clachach<\/strong> [kl\u032a\u02e0ax\u0259x] = rocky, stony<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>clagh<\/strong> [kla\u02d0x] = stone, testicle, stone monument<br \/>\n<strong>clagh eayil<\/strong> = limestone<br \/>\n<strong>clagh eayl<\/strong> = kidney stone<br \/>\n<strong>clagh gheayil<\/strong> = coal<br \/>\n<strong>clagh gheinnee<\/strong> = sandstone<br \/>\n<strong>clagh hayrn<\/strong> = magnet, magnetite, lodestone<br \/>\n<strong>claghagh<\/strong> = stony, flinty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*klog<\/strong> = stone, rock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>clok, cloc, clog<\/strong> = stone, rock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>clog<\/strong> [klo\u02d0\u0261] = rock, cliff, precipice; skull<br \/>\n<strong>clegyr, clegr<\/strong> = rocks, stones, rock, crag, cairn, stony place<br \/>\n<strong>clogfaen<\/strong> = boulder, large stone, rock<br \/>\n<strong>clogfryn<\/strong> = cliff, steep rock, precipice<br \/>\n<strong>clogyr<\/strong> = rock, crag<br \/>\n<strong>clogwrn<\/strong> = cliff, rock, tump, knoll<br \/>\n<strong>clogwyn<\/strong> = cliff, precipice, crag, boulder<br \/>\n<strong>clogwynog<\/strong> = precipitous, craggy, rocky<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Cornish (Cernewec \/ Kernuak)<\/th>\n<td><strong>clog<\/strong> = a steep rock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton (Brethonoc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>clecher<\/strong> = rocky outcrop<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>klog<\/strong> = steep, precipice<br \/>\n<strong>kleger<\/strong> [\u02c8kle\u02d0g\u025br] = rocky outcrop<br \/>\n<strong>klegerek<\/strong> [kle\u02c8g\u025b:r\u025bk] = rocky, stony, rugged<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: unknown [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/kluk%C4%81\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*karrik\u0101, *karrik\u012b<\/strong> = stone, rock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>carrac<\/strong> = rock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>carraig<\/strong> [\u02c8k\u0251\u027e\u02e0\u026a\u025f, \u02c8ka\u02d0\u027e\u02e0\u026a\u025f, \u02c8ka\u027e\u02e0\u0259c]   = rock<br \/>\n<strong>carraigeach<\/strong> = rocky<br \/>\n<strong>carraigeola\u00ed<\/strong> = petrologist<br \/>\n<strong>carraigeola\u00edocht<\/strong> = petrology<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>carraig<\/strong> [kar\u032a\u02e0\u026a\u0261\u02b2] = rock, crag, cliff, pinnacle, hard mass<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>carrick<\/strong> = cliff, crag, rock in the sea, fortress<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*karreg<\/strong> = stone, rock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Welsh<\/th>\n<td><strong>carrecc, cerricc<\/strong> = stone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>carrec, cerric, karreg<\/strong> = stone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>carreg<\/strong> [\u02c8kar\u025b\u0261\/\u02c8kara\u0261] = stone; gall-stone; (fruit) pip; testicle<br \/>\n<strong>carreg (yr) aelwyd<\/strong> = hearthstone<br \/>\n<strong>carreg a thwll<\/strong> = gibberish, worthless thing (\u201cstone with a hole\u201d)<br \/>\n<strong>carreg fedd\/bedd<\/strong> = gravestone<br \/>\n<strong>carreg (y) filltir<\/strong> = milestone<br \/>\n<strong>carreg sarn<\/strong> = stepping-stone, causeway<br \/>\n<strong>carreg sylfaen<\/strong> foundation-stone<br \/>\n<strong>carreg werthfawr<\/strong> = precious stone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>karrek<\/strong> = rock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>karreg<\/strong> = rock, reef, shell<br \/>\n<strong>karregoniel<\/strong> = petrographic<br \/>\n<strong>karregoniezh<\/strong> = petrography<br \/>\n<strong>karregoniour<\/strong> = petrograph<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*kh\u2082er- <\/em> (hard) [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/carreg\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*maginos<\/strong> = stone, place<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>magan, maigen<\/strong> = a piece of open land, a spot, home, a place belonging to (someone)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>maighean<\/strong>  = place, steading<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*ma\u0263\u0268n<\/strong> = stone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>maen, main, mein, mayn<\/strong> = stone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>maen<\/strong> [ma\u02d0\u0268\u032fn\/mai\u032fn] = stone (<em>with a particular use<\/em>), griddle stone, bakestone, griddle, precious stone<br \/>\n<strong>maenaf, maenu<\/strong> = to stone, pelt with stones, petrify<br \/>\n<strong>maenaidd<\/strong> = stony, like stone, full of stones<br \/>\n<strong>maenwaith<\/strong> = stonework, masonry<br \/>\n<strong>calchfaen, conglfaen<\/strong> = limestone<br \/>\n<strong>gwenithfaen, ithfaen<\/strong> = granite<br \/>\n<strong>llosgfaen<\/strong> = brimstone, sulphur<br \/>\n<strong>sylfaen<\/strong> = foundation, base, basis<br \/>\n<strong>tywodfaen<\/strong> = sandstone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>men<\/strong> = stone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>main<\/strong> = stone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>main, maen, men<\/strong> = stone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>maen<\/strong> = stone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: possibly related to the Proto-Celtic word <em>*magos<\/em> (plain, field), from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*me\u01f5h\u2082-<\/em> (big, great)  [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/maginos\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*\u0278likk\u0101<\/strong> = (flat) stone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lecc<\/strong> = plate, stone, flat slab or rock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leac<\/strong> [l\u0320\u02b2ak, l\u0320\u02b2\u00e6k]  = flat stone or rock, flagstone, slab, lid<br \/>\n<strong>leacach<\/strong> = area of flat rocks or flagstones; strewn with flat stones, flagged, stony<br \/>\n<strong>leac\u00e1n<\/strong> = small flat stone, slab, tile<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leac<\/strong> [l\u032a\u02b2\u025bxg] = flagstone, slab; tile; cheek; callus<br \/>\n<strong>leacag<\/strong> = small slab, tile<br \/>\n<strong>leacan<\/strong> = small slab, flagstone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>leac<\/strong> = slab, sheet, flagstone, headstone, plaque, monolith, slate<br \/>\n<strong>leacan<\/strong> = tile<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*llex<\/strong> = (flat) stone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>llech, lec<\/strong> = slate, slab of stone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>llech<\/strong> [\u026ce\u02d0\u03c7] = slate, bakestone, griddle, slab of stone, paving stone, gravestone, rock, boulder, cliff<br \/>\n<strong>cromllech<\/strong> = cromlech, dolmen<br \/>\n<strong>llechfaen<\/strong> = slate, slab, flag, tablet, bakestone, griddle<br \/>\n<strong>priddlech<\/strong> = tile, brick<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>legh<\/strong> = slates<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>lec\u2019h<\/strong> = megalith. dolmen, flat rock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong>: from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*pl\u0325keh\u2082<\/em> (flat surface), from <em>*pleh\u2082-<\/em> (flat), which is also the root of English words such as floor, palm, piano, plain, plan and plane [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/%C9%B8likk%C4%81\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF), <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/embed\/EtymologicalDictionaryOfProtoCeltic\">Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for rocks and stones in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *kluk\u0101, *klugg\u0101 = stone, rock *klukaros = pile of stones Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) cloch [klox] = stone, rock, precious stone, gem, bead (in a rosary), something built of stone, castle, fortress, stronghold Irish (Gaeilge) cloch [kl\u02e0\u0254x, kl\u02e0\u028cx] = rock, large stone clochach = stony, rocky clochaid [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,26,19,20,21,3,22,6,7,27,8,10,40,11,12,13,23,18,14],"tags":[52,80,51,145,48,47,53,49,397,399,55,396,398,50],"class_list":["post-6017","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-cornish","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-old-welsh","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-gaidhlig-scottish-gaelic","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words","tag-breton","tag-celtic","tag-cornish","tag-etymology","tag-gaelic","tag-irish","tag-language","tag-manx","tag-rock","tag-rocky","tag-scottish-gaelic","tag-stone","tag-stony","tag-welsh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6017","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6017"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6017\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9194,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6017\/revisions\/9194"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6017"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6017"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6017"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}