{"id":5963,"date":"2021-06-09T14:33:36","date_gmt":"2021-06-09T13:33:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/?p=5963"},"modified":"2021-06-09T14:33:38","modified_gmt":"2021-06-09T13:33:38","slug":"apples","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/2021\/06\/09\/apples\/","title":{"rendered":"Apples"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Words for <strong>apples<\/strong> and related words, in Celtic languages.<\/p>\n<p><a data-flickr-embed=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/omniglot\/24584105807\/in\/album-72157623018998395\/\" title=\"Apples \/ afalau\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/4588\/24584105807_ebcb063660_z.jpg\" alt=\"Apples \/ afalau\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\"><\/a><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/embedr.flickr.com\/assets\/client-code.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Celtic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*abalom<\/strong> = apple<br \/>\n<strong>*abaln\u0101<\/strong> = apple tree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Gaulish<\/th>\n<td><strong>abalon, aballon<\/strong> = apple, apple tree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ubull, uball<\/strong> [\u02c8u.vul\u0348\/\u02c8u.val\u0348] = apple<br \/>\n<strong>aball<\/strong> = apple tree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Irish (Gaeilge)<\/th>\n<td><strong>\u00fall<\/strong> [u\u02d0l\u032a\u02e0] = apple; ball-and-socket joint; globular object, ball<br \/>\n<strong>\u00fallach<\/strong> = bearing apples, abounding in apples<br \/>\n<strong>\u00fallach\u00e1n<\/strong> = little apple, little ball (<em>of thread, etc<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>\u00falllgharra\u00ed, \u00fallghort, \u00fallord<\/strong> = orchard<br \/>\n<strong>\u00fallghlas<\/strong> = apple-green<br \/>\n<strong>\u00fall \u00f3ir<\/strong> = golden apple, precious thing<br \/>\n<strong>abhaill<\/strong> = apple tree<br \/>\n<strong>fia-\u00fall<\/strong> = crab-apple<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ubhal<\/strong> [u.\u0259l\u032a\u02e0] = apple<br \/>\n<strong>ubhal-chrann, abhaill<\/strong> = apple tree<br \/>\n<strong>ubhal-cridhe<\/strong> = tomato<br \/>\n<strong>ubhal-fiadhain, fiadh-ubhal, searbh-ubhal<\/strong> = crab\/wild apple (<em>malus sylvestris<\/em>)<br \/>\n<strong>ubhal-ghort<\/strong> = apple orchard<br \/>\n<strong>dearc-ubhal<\/strong> = oak apple<br \/>\n<strong>lionn-ubhal<\/strong> = (apple) cider<br \/>\n<strong>\u00f2r-ubhal<\/strong> = orange<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Manx (Gaelg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>ooyl<\/strong> = apple, pommel<br \/>\n<strong>ooylagh<\/strong> = orchard<br \/>\n<strong>billey ooyl<\/strong> = apple tree<br \/>\n<strong>ooyl feie<\/strong> = crab-apple<br \/>\n<strong>ooyl ghraih<\/strong> = tomato<br \/>\n<strong>ooyl ghraney, ooyl ghrineagh<\/strong> = pomegranate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Proto-Brythonic<\/th>\n<td><strong>*a\u03b2al<\/strong> = apple<br \/>\n<strong>*a\u03b2aln<\/strong> = apple tree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Welsh (Kymraec)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aual, aval, afal<\/strong> = apple<br \/>\n<strong>auallen, avallen, yfallen<\/strong> = apple tree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Welsh (Cymraeg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>afal<\/strong> [\u02c8aval\/\u02c8a\u02d0val] = apple<br \/>\n<strong>afallen<\/strong> = apple tree<br \/>\n<strong>afal cariad<\/strong> = tomato, love-apple<br \/>\n<strong>afal cwins<\/strong> = quince<br \/>\n<strong>afal drain<\/strong> = haw, hawthorn berry<br \/>\n<strong>afal gwlanog<\/strong> = peach<br \/>\n<strong>afal sur (bach)<\/strong> = crab apple<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Cornish (Kernewek)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aval<\/strong> [\u02c8aval\/\u02c8\u00e6v\u0250l] = apple<br \/>\n<strong>avalen<\/strong> = apple tree<br \/>\n<strong>aval briansen<\/strong> = larynx<br \/>\n<strong>aval dor<\/strong> = potato<br \/>\n<strong>aval gwlanek<\/strong> = peach<br \/>\n<strong>aval kerenja\/kerensa<\/strong> = tomato<br \/>\n<strong>aval lagas<\/strong> = eyeball<br \/>\n<strong>aval paradhis<\/strong> = grapefruit<br \/>\n<strong>aval saben<\/strong> = pine cone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Old Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>abal<\/strong> = apple<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Middle Breton<\/th>\n<td><strong>aval<\/strong> [\u02c8\u0251\u02d0.val] = apple<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Breton (Brezhoneg)<\/th>\n<td><strong>aval<\/strong> = apple<br \/>\n<strong>avalwez<\/strong> = apple tree<br \/>\n<strong>aouraval<\/strong> = orange<br \/>\n<strong>greunaval<\/strong> = pomegranate<br \/>\n<strong>aval-douar<\/strong> = potato<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Etmology<\/strong>: possibly from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*h\u2082\u00e9b\u014dl<\/em> (apple), which is also the root of words for apple in Baltic, Slavic, Celtic, Germanic and Italic languages [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic\/abalom\">source<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Avalon<\/strong>, the legendary island in the west to which King Arthur was taken after the Battle of Camlann, probably comes from the same root, via the Latin <em>Insula Avallonis<\/em> &#8211; the name used by Geoffrey of Monmonth in his <em>Historia Regum Britanniae<\/em> (c. 1136). Avalon may have been the Isle of Man, or the Isle of Arran, which were known as <em>Emain Ablach<\/em> in Old Irish poems [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Avalon\">source<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Words marked with a * are reconstructions.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/\">Wiktionary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faclair.com\/\">Am Faclair Beag<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mannin.info\/Mannin\/fockleyr\/m2e.php\">Online Manx Dictionary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teanglann.ie\/en\/fgb\/ceann\">Teanglann.ie<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dil.ie\/\">eDIL &#8211; Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.smo.uhi.ac.uk\/sengoidelc\/duil-belrai\/english.html\">In D\u00fail B\u00e9lrai English &#8211; Old Irish glossary<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/geiriadur.ac.uk\/gpc\/gpc.html\">Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cornishdictionary.org.uk\/browse?field_word_value=penn\">Gerlyver Kernewek<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arkaevraz.net\/dicobzh\/index.php\">Dictionaire Favereau<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.brezhoneg.bzh\/87-termofis.htm\">TermOfis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wales.ac.uk\/Resources\/Documents\/Research\/CelticLanguages\/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf\">English &#8211; ProtoCeltic WordList<\/a> (PDF)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Words for apples and related words, in Celtic languages. Proto-Celtic *abalom = apple *abaln\u0101 = apple tree Gaulish abalon, aballon = apple, apple tree Old Irish (Go\u00eddelc) ubull, uball [\u02c8u.vul\u0348\/\u02c8u.val\u0348] = apple aball = apple tree Irish (Gaeilge) \u00fall [u\u02d0l\u032a\u02e0] = apple; ball-and-socket joint; globular object, ball \u00fallach = bearing apples, abounding in apples \u00fallach\u00e1n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,16,26,19,20,96,25,21,3,36,22,7,27,8,10,11,12,13,18,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5963","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjectives","category-breton","category-kernewek-cornish","category-english","category-etymology","category-food","category-gaulish","category-gaeilge-irish","category-language","category-latin","category-gaelg-manx","category-middle-welsh-kymraec","category-nouns","category-old-breton","category-old-irish-goidelc","category-proto-brythonic","category-proto-celtic","category-proto-indo-european","category-cymraeg-welsh","category-words"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5963","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5963"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5963\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5964,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5963\/revisions\/5964"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5963"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5963"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/celtiadur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5963"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}